1.02010-04-08 22:04:39 UTC2020-09-17 15:33:11 UTCFDB000633KaempferolKaempferol, also known as rhamnolutein or c.i. 75640, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as flavonols. Flavonols are compounds that contain a flavone (2-phenyl-1-benzopyran-4-one) backbone carrying a hydroxyl group at the 3-position. Thus, kaempferol is a flavonoid lipid molecule. Kaempferol is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. Kaempferol is a bitter tasting compound. It is very widespread in the plant world and is found in Brassicaceae, Apocynaceae, Dilleniaceae, Ranunculaceae and Leguminosae. It is detected in apples, tomatoes, green tea, potatoes, onions, brussels sprouts, squash, cucumbers, lettuce, green beans, peaches, blackberries, raspberries, spinach, grapes, broccoli, capers, chives, kale, garden cress, fennel, lovage, dill weed and tarragon (PMID: 21428901). Kaempferol is a biomarker for the consumption of dried and cooked beans. Many glycosides of kaempferol, such as kaempferitrin and astragalin, have been isolated as natural products from plants. Kaempferol consumption in tea and broccoli has been associated with reduced risk of heart disease. Kaempferol has numerous protective properties and has been used to treat intervertebral disc degeneration and colitis, post-menopausal bone loss, acute lung injury and has beneficial effects against cancer, liver injury, obesity and diabetes, and inhibits vascular endothelial inflammation. These treatments and protective properties of kaempferol and the potential mechanisms that kaempferol exerts these effects are part of this review ( PMID: 31572524).3,4',5,7-Tetrahydroxy-flavone (7ci,8ci)3,4',5,7-Tetrahydroxyflavone3,5,7-Trihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one3,5,7-Trihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one, 9CI3,5,7-Trihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4H-chromen-4-one3,5,7-Trihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chromen-4-one3,5,7,4'-Tetrahydroxyflavone4',5,7-Trihydroxyflavonol4H-1-Benzopyran-4-one, 3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5,7,4'-trihydroxyflavonol5,7,4'-TrihydroxyflavonolC.I. 75640CampherolIndigo yellowKaemferolKaempferolKaempherolKampcetinKampferolKampherolKempferolNimbecetinPelargidenolonPelargidenonPopulnetinRhamnoluteinRhamnolutinRobigeninSwartziolTrifolitinC15H10O6286.2363286.0477380523,5,7-trihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4H-chromen-4-onekaempferol520-18-3OC1=CC=C(C=C1)C1=C(O)C(=O)C2=C(O1)C=C(O)C=C2OInChI=1S/C15H10O6/c16-8-3-1-7(2-4-8)15-14(20)13(19)12-10(18)5-9(17)6-11(12)21-15/h1-6,16-18,20HIYRMWMYZSQPJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N belongs to the class of organic compounds known as flavonols. Flavonols are compounds that contain a flavone (2-phenyl-1-benzopyran-4-one) backbone carrying a hydroxyl group at the 3-position.FlavonolsOrganic compoundsPhenylpropanoids and polyketidesFlavonoidsFlavonesAromatic heteropolycyclic compounds1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoids1-hydroxy-4-unsubstituted benzenoids3-hydroxyflavonoids4'-hydroxyflavonoids5-hydroxyflavonoids7-hydroxyflavonoidsBenzene and substituted derivativesChromonesHeteroaromatic compoundsHydrocarbon derivativesOrganic oxidesOxacyclic compoundsPolyolsPyranones and derivativesVinylogous acids1-benzopyran1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid1-hydroxy-4-unsubstituted benzenoid3-hydroxyflavone3-hydroxyflavonoid4'-hydroxyflavonoid5-hydroxyflavonoid7-hydroxyflavonoidAromatic heteropolycyclic compoundBenzenoidBenzopyranChromoneHeteroaromatic compoundHydrocarbon derivativeHydroxyflavonoidMonocyclic benzene moietyOrganic oxideOrganic oxygen compoundOrganoheterocyclic compoundOrganooxygen compoundOxacyclePhenolPolyolPyranPyranoneVinylogous acid7-hydroxyflavonolFlavones and FlavonolsFlavones and FlavonolsflavonolsflavonolstetrahydroxyflavoneSolidlogp1.99logs-3.21solubility1.78e-01 g/lmelting_pointMp 276-278°logp2.46pka_strongest_acidic6.38pka_strongest_basic-3.9iupac3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4H-chromen-4-oneaverage_mass286.2363mono_mass286.047738052smilesOC1=CC=C(C=C1)C1=C(O)C(=O)C2=C(O1)C=C(O)C=C2OformulaC15H10O6inchiInChI=1S/C15H10O6/c16-8-3-1-7(2-4-8)15-14(20)13(19)12-10(18)5-9(17)6-11(12)21-15/h1-6,16-18,20HinchikeyIYRMWMYZSQPJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-Npolar_surface_area107.22refractivity74.88polarizability27.59rotatable_bond_count1acceptor_count6donor_count4physiological_charge-1formal_charge0Specdb::NmrTwoD1963Specdb::CMs854Specdb::CMs2257Specdb::CMs3322Specdb::CMs26871Specdb::CMs30579Specdb::CMs31531Specdb::CMs38896Specdb::CMs173339Specdb::NmrOneD2028Specdb::NmrOneD2433Specdb::NmrOneD166376Specdb::NmrOneD166671Specdb::MsMs2448Specdb::MsMs2449Specdb::MsMs2450Specdb::MsMs6073Specdb::MsMs6075Specdb::MsMs6076Specdb::MsMs6077Specdb::MsMs6078Specdb::MsMs6079Specdb::MsMs6080Specdb::MsMs6081Specdb::MsMs6082Specdb::MsMs179922Specdb::MsMs179923Specdb::MsMs179924Specdb::MsMs182256Specdb::MsMs182257Specdb::MsMs182258Specdb::MsMs285609Specdb::MsMs285610Specdb::MsMs285611Specdb::MsMs285612Specdb::MsMs373793Specdb::MsMs373794Specdb::MsMs373795HMDB05801KMPAbaloneType 1specificHaliotis6452AbiyuchType 1specificCrateva religiosa202634AcerolaType 1specificMalpighia emarginata1518471.051.051.05mg/100 gAcornType 1specificQuercus3511Acorn squashType 1Cucurbita pepo var. turbinataAdzuki beanType 1specificVigna angularis3914AgarType 1specificEucheuma314440.00.00.0mg/100 gAgaveType 1specificAgave39509Alaska blueberryType 1specificVaccinium alaskaense190544Alaska wild rhubarbType 1specificPolygonum alpinum125586Albizia gummiferaType 1Albizia gummiferaAlfalfaType 1specificMedicago sativa38790.00.00.0mg/100 gAlliumType 1specificAllium46781.5985714.10.0mg/100 gAllspiceType 1specificPimenta dioica375272AlmondType 1specificPrunus dulcis37550.1313630.390.0mg/100 gAlpine sweetvetchType 1specificHedysarum alpinum57576AmaranthType 1specificAmaranthus35640.00.00.0mg/100 gAmerican butterfishType 1specificPeprilus triacanthus183653American cranberryType 1specificVaccinium macrocarpon137500.0572220.150.0mg/100 gAmerican pokeweedType 1specificPhytolacca americana3527AngelicaType 1specificAngelica keiskei3578500.00.00.0mg/100 gAniseType 1specificPimpinella anisum271192Annual wild riceType 1specificZizania aquatica75727AppleType 1specificMalus pumila2832100.0158790.140.0mg/100 gApricotType 1specificPrunus armeniaca365960.17250.630.0mg/100 gArabica coffeeType 1specificCoffea arabica134430.00.00.0mg/100 gArctic blackberryType 1specificRubus arcticus707410.0750.150.0mg/100 gArrowheadType 1specificSagittaria latifolia150080.00.00.0mg/100 gArrowrootType 1specificMaranta arundinacea210060Asian pearType 1specificPyrus pyrifolia3767AsparagusType 1specificAsparagus officinalis46861.391.391.39mg/100 gAtlantic herringType 1specificClupea harengus harengus7950AvocadoType 1specificPersea americana34350.00.00.0mg/100 gBabassu palmType 1specificAttalea speciosa145700BagelType 2specificBamboo shootsType 1specificPhyllostachys edulis38705BananaType 1specificMusa acuminata46410.02750.110.0mg/100 gBarleyType 1specificHordeum vulgare4513BayberryType 1specificMyrica3509BeanType 1specificBeech nutType 1specificFagus21024BeerType 2specific0.4050.810.0mg/100 gBerry wineType 2specific0.028750.0500000010.0mg/100 gBilberryType 1specificVaccinium myrtillus1807630.00.00.0mg/100 gBiscuitType 2specificBitter gourdType 1specificMomordica charantia36730.00.00.0mg/100 gBlack cabbageType 1specificBrassica oleracea var. viridis37138.748.748.74mg/100 gBlack chokeberryType 1specificPhotinia melanocarpa6613390.2450.640.0mg/100 gBlack crowberryType 1specificEmpetrum nigrum1910660.00.00.0mg/100 gBlack elderberryType 1specificSambucus nigra4202Black huckleberryType 1specificGaylussacia baccata1288930.00.00.0mg/100 gBlack mulberryType 1specificMorus nigra852320.00.00.0mg/100 gBlack plumType 1Syzygium cuminiBlack radishType 1specificRaphanus sativus var. niger416792.112.1100001342.110000134mg/100 gBlack raisinType 1Black raspberryType 1specificRubus occidentalis750790.00.00.0mg/100 gBlack salsifyType 1specificScorzonera hispanica114289Black teaType 10.6052031.410.006363636mg/100 gBlack walnutType 1specificJuglans nigra167190.00.00.0mg/100 gBlack-eyed peaType 1specificVigna unguiculata ssp. unguiculata3920BlackberryType 1specificRubusBlackcurrantType 1specificRibes nigrum785110.56451.0479999950.0mg/100 gBog bilberryType 1specificVaccinium uliginosum1905480.00.00.0mg/100 gBorageType 1specificBorago officinalis13363BoysenberryType 1specificRubus ursinus X idaeusBrassicasUnknowngeneric3705Brazil nutType 1specificBertholletia excelsa36450.00.00.0mg/100 gBreadfruitType 1specificArtocarpus altilis1942510.00.00.0mg/100 gBreadnut tree seedType 1specificBrosimum alicastrum194253Breakfast cerealType 2specificBroad beanType 1specificVicia faba39060.0956250.350.0mg/100 gBroccoliType 1specificBrassica oleracea var. italica367744.3242767.841.06mg/100 gBrussel sproutsType 1specificBrassica oleracea var. gemmifera1786160.9083330.9549999830.86mg/100 gBuffalo currantType 1specificRibes aureum var. villosum23283BulgurType 2specificBurbotType 1specificLota lota69944BurdockType 1specificArctium lappa4217ButternutType 1specificJuglans cinerea91214Butternut squashType 1specificCucurbita moschata3662CabbageType 1specificBrassica oleracea var. capitata371620.020.020.0mg/100 gCalabashType 1specificLagenaria siceraria3668Canada blueberryType 1specificVaccinium myrtilloides1503870Cannellini beanType 1CanolaType 2specific138011Cantaloupe melonType 1Cucumis melo var. cantalupensisCape gooseberryType 1Physalis peruvianaCapersType 1specificCapparis spinosa65558164.941373259.19104.294118096mg/100 gCarawayType 1specificCarum carvi4803216.416.39999961916.399999619mg/100 gCardamomType 1specificElettaria cardamomum105181CardoonType 1specificCynara cardunculus4265CarobType 1specificCeratonia siliqua203404.22666711.670.44mg/100 gCarrotType 1specificDaucus carota ssp. sativus792000.7865672.32460.0mg/100 gCascade huckleberryType 1specificVaccinium deliciosum1905310.00.00.0mg/100 gCashew nutType 1specificAnacardium occidentale1719290.090.180.0mg/100 gCassavaType 1specificManihot esculenta39830.00.00.0mg/100 gCastanospermum australeType 1Castanospermum australeCatjang peaType 1specificVigna unguiculata ssp. cylindrica3840CauliflowerType 1specificBrassica oleracea var. botrytis37150.3576670.510.208333333mg/100 gCeleriacType 1specificApium graveolens var. rapaceum2781100.00.00.0mg/100 gCelery leavesType 1specificApium graveolens var. secalinum9415880.00.00.0mg/100 gCelery stalksType 1specificApium graveolens var. dulce1177810.00.00.0mg/100 gCereals and cereal productsUnknowngenericCeylon cinnamonType 1specificCinnamomum verum1286080.00.00.0mg/100 gChanterelleType 1specificCantharellus cibarius36066ChayoteType 1specificSechium edule184140CherimoyaType 1specificAnnona cherimola49314Cherry tomatoType 1specificSolanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme1955830.0441270.10.006666667mg/100 gChervilType 1specificAnthriscus cerefolium40888ChestnutType 1specificCastanea21019ChiaType 1specificSalvia hispanica4921212.312.312.3mg/100 gChickpeaType 1specificCicer arietinum3827ChicoryType 1specificCichorium intybus134272.452.452.45mg/100 gChicory leavesType 1specificCichorium intybus var. foliosum13427Chicory rootsType 1specificCichorium intybus var. sativum13427Chinese bayberryType 1specificMyrica rubra262757Chinese broccoliType 1specificBrassica alboglabra3714Chinese cabbageType 1specificBrassica rapa37116.25222.510.1mg/100 gChinese chestnutType 1specificCastanea mollissima60419Chinese chivesType 1specificAllium tuberosum46831.912.121.699999988mg/100 gChinese cinnamonType 1specificCinnamomum aromaticum119260Chinese mustardType 1specificBrassica juncea370738.338.338.3mg/100 gChinese plumType 1Chinese water chestnutType 1specificEleocharis dulcis110284ChivesType 1specificAllium schoenoprasum749009.51517.113.05mg/100 gCinnamonType 1specificCinnamomum13428CitrusUnknowngenericClementineType 1Citrus × clementinaClimbing beanType 1specificVigna umbellata87088Cloud ear fungusType 1specificAuricularia polytricha29893CloudberryType 1specificRubus chamaemorus579360.00.00.0mg/100 gClovesType 1specificSyzygium aromaticum21986823.79999923.79999923723.799999237mg/100 gCocoa beanType 1specificTheobroma cacao3641CoconutType 1specificCocos nucifera138940.00.00.0mg/100 gCoffeeType 1genericCoffea134420.00.00.0mg/100 gColorado pinyonType 1specificPinus edulis3340Common beanType 1specificPhaseolus vulgaris38852.30414526.00.0mg/100 gCommon beetType 1specificBeta vulgaris1619340.00.00.0mg/100 gCommon buckwheatType 1specificFagopyrum esculentum3617Common cabbageType 1specificBrassica oleracea37126.17851246.80.0mg/100 gCommon chokecherryType 1specificPrunus virginiana133204Common grapeType 1specificVitis vinifera297600.5442.710.0mg/100 gCommon hazelnutType 1specificCorylus avellana134510.00.00.0mg/100 gCommon mushroomType 1specificAgaricus bisporus53410.00.00.0mg/100 gCommon oreganoType 1specificOriganum vulgare393520.00.00.0mg/100 gCommon peaType 1specificPisum sativum38888.34550.00.0mg/100 gCommon persimmonType 1specificDiospyros virginiana134930.00.00.0mg/100 gCommon sageType 1specificSalvia officinalis388680.00.00.0mg/100 gCommon salsifyType 1specificTragopogon porrifolius13731Common thymeType 1specificThymus vulgaris499920.00.00.0mg/100 gCommon verbenaType 1specificVerbena officinalis79772Common walnutType 1specificJuglans regia512400.00.00.0mg/100 gCommon wheatType 1specificTriticum aestivum4565ConchType 1specificStrombidae69694CorianderType 1specificCoriandrum sativum40470.00.00.0mg/100 gCornType 1specificZea mays4577Corn saladType 1specificValerianella locusta59166CornbreadType 2specificCornmintType 1specificMentha arvensis292239CottonseedType 1specificGossypium3633CowpeaType 1specificVigna unguiculata39170.961.920.0mg/100 gCrosneType 1Stachys affinisCubanelle pepperType 1CucumberType 1specificCucumis sativus36590.0629250.130.0098mg/100 gCucurbitaType 1specificCucurbita36600.00.00.0mg/100 gCuminType 1specificCuminum cyminum5246238.59999838.59999847438.599998474mg/100 gCupuaçuType 1specificTheobroma grandiflorum108881Curry powderType 2specificCustard appleType 1specificAnnona reticulata301862Daikon radishType 1specificRaphanus sativus var. longipinnatus416790.340.340.34mg/100 gDandelionType 1specificTaraxacum officinale50225DateType 1specificPhoenix dactylifera423450.00.00.0mg/100 gDeerberryType 1specificVaccinium stamineum176259DevilfishType 1specificMyoxocephalus8095DillType 1specificAnethum graveolens4092219.99833326.66666666713.33mg/100 gDockType 1specificRumex361810.310.310.3mg/100 gDurianType 1specificDurio zibethinus66656EddoeType 1Colocasia antiquorumEggplantType 1specificSolanum melongena41110.0050.010.0mg/100 gElderberryType 1specificSambucus42010.580.580.58mg/100 gElliott's blueberryType 1specificVaccinium elliottii283798EndiveType 1specificCichorium endivia11428010.110.110.1mg/100 gEnokitakeType 1specificFlammulina velutipes38945EpazoteType 1specificDysphania ambrosioides330163European chestnutType 1specificCastanea sativa21020European cranberryType 1specificVaccinium oxycoccos5169480.00.00.0mg/100 gEuropean plumType 1specificPrunus domestica37580.0288890.10.0mg/100 gEvening primroseType 1specificOenothera biennis3942Evergreen huckleberryType 1specificVaccinium ovatum840190.00.00.0mg/100 gFeijoaType 1specificFeijoa sellowiana260130FennelType 1specificFoeniculum vulgare480386.56.56.5mg/100 gFenugreekType 1specificTrigonella foenum-graecum785340.00.00.0mg/100 gFigType 1specificFicus carica34940.00.00.0mg/100 gFireweedType 1specificChamerion angustifolium13055FlaxseedType 1specificLinum usitatissimum4006FlourType 2specificFox grapeType 1specificVitis labrusca103355French plantainType 1specificMusa X paradisiaca89151FruitsUnknowngenericGarden cressType 1specificLepidium sativum3312513.013.013.0mg/100 gGarden onionType 1specificAllium cepa4679Garden onion (var.)Type 1specificAllium cepa var. cepa46790.3580520.9899999750.0mg/100 gGarden rhubarbType 1specificRheum rhabarbarum3621Garden tomatoType 1specificSolanum lycopersicum40810.0414290.090.0mg/100 gGarden tomato (var.)Type 1specificSolanum lycopersicum var. lycopersicum3977550.0269890.043978260.01mg/100 gGarland chrysanthemumType 1specificChrysanthemum coronarium99038GarlicType 1specificAllium sativum46820.260.260.26mg/100 gGentiana luteaType 1Gentiana luteaGerman camomileType 1specificMatricaria recutita127986Giant butterburType 1specificPetasites japonicus186965GingerType 1specificZingiber officinale9432811.233.60.0mg/100 gGinkgo nutsType 1specificGinkgo biloba3311GinsengType 1specificPanax4054Globe artichokeType 1specificCynara scolymus59895GojiType 1GooseberryType 1specificRibes uva-crispa1355180.87750.880.875mg/100 gGram beanType 1specificVigna mungo3915GrapeType 1specificVitis36030.040.090.0mg/100 gGrape wineType 2specific0.0407940.2387090420.0mg/100 gGrapefruitType 1specificCitrus X paradisi376560.0966670.40.0mg/100 gGrapefruit/Pummelo hybridType 1specificCitrus paradisi X Citrus maxima37656Grass peaType 1specificLathyrus sativus3860Green appleType 1Green beanType 1specificPhaseolus vulgaris38850.5565391.222117660.0mg/100 gGreen bell pepperType 1specificCapsicum annuum40721.8962333.23260.0mg/100 gGreen cabbageType 1Brassica oleracea var. sabauda L.Green grapeType 1Green lentilType 1Lens culinarisGreen onionType 1Green plumType 1Green teaType 10.6052031.410.006363636mg/100 gGreen vegetablesUnknowngenericGreen zucchiniType 1specificCucurbita pepo var. cylindricaGreenthread teaType 1specificThelesperma153159GroundcherryType 1specificPhysalis24663GuaranaType 1Paullinia cupanaGuavaType 1specificPsidium guajava1202900.00.00.0mg/100 gHalf-highbush blueberryType 1specificVaccinium angustifolium X Vaccinium corymbosum9346960.00.00.0mg/100 gHard wheatType 1specificTriticum durum4567HawthornType 1CrataegusHazelnutType 1specificCorylus13450Heart of palmType 1specificHedge mustardType 1specificSisymbrium3729Herbal teaType 10.6066671.410.12mg/100 gHerbs and SpicesUnknowngenericHibiscus teaType 1specificHibiscus sabbariffa183260Hickory nutType 1specificCarya13402Highbush blueberryType 1specificVaccinium corymbosum692661.3958222.8450.0mg/100 gHoneyType 2specific0.060.060.06mg/100 gHorned melonType 2specificCucumis metuliferus61886HorseradishType 1specificArmoracia rusticana37041.58251.5850000981.58mg/100 gHorseradish treeType 1specificMoringa oleifera37355.955.955.95mg/100 gHot chocolateType 2specific0.00.00.0mg/100 gHyacinth beanType 1specificLablab purpureus35936HyssopType 1specificHyssopus officinalis39324Iceberg lettuceType 1Irish mossType 1specificChondrus crispus2769Italian oreganoType 1specificOriganum X majoricum13842070.00.00.0mg/100 gItalian sweet red pepperType 1specificCapsicum annuum40720.00.00.0mg/100 gJackfruitType 1specificArtocarpus heterophyllus34890.00.00.0mg/100 gJalapeno pepperType 1Capsicum annuum 'Jalapeño'Japanese chestnutType 1specificCastanea crenata103480Japanese persimmonType 1specificDiospyros kaki35925Japanese pumpkinType 1specificCucurbita maxima3661Japanese walnutType 1specificJuglans ailanthifolia91209Java plumType 1specificSyzygium cumini260142Jerusalem artichokeType 1specificHelianthus tuberosus4233Jew's earType 1specificAuricularia auricula-judae29892JicamaType 1specificPachyrhizus erosus109171JostaberryType 1specificRibes × nidigrolariaJujubeType 1specificZiziphus zizyphus48393Juniperus communisType 1Juniperus communisJuteType 1specificCorchorus olitorius937594.614.614.61mg/100 gKai-lanType 1specificBrassica oleracea var. alboglabra37140.00.00.0mg/100 gKaleType 1specificBrassica napus var. pabularia9.218.40.0mg/100 gKelpType 1specificLaminaria33637KetchupType 2specific0.010.010.01mg/100 gKiwiType 1specificActinidia chinensis36250.5151.030.0mg/100 gKohlrabiType 1specificBrassica oleracea var. gongylodes1093794.2866678.02.429999828mg/100 gKomatsunaType 1specificBrassica rapa var. perviridis344680KombuType 1specificSaccharina japonica88149KumquatType 1specificFortunella2706LambsquartersType 1specificChenopodium album3559Lantern fruitType 1Physalis alkekengiLeekType 1specificAllium porrumLemonType 1specificCitrus limon27080.00750.030.0mg/100 gLemon balmType 1specificMelissa officinalis393380.00.00.0mg/100 gLemon grassType 1specificCymbopogon citratus66014Lemon thymeType 1specificThymus pulegioides751873Lemon verbenaType 1specificAloysia triphylla542672LentilsType 1genericLens culinaris3864LettuceType 1specificLactuca sativa42360.0305410.150.0mg/100 gLicheeType 1specificLitchi chinensis151069Lima beanType 1specificPhaseolus lunatus38840.00.00.0mg/100 gLimeType 1specificCitrus aurantiifolia1590330.00.00.0mg/100 gLindenType 1specificTilia64580LingonberryType 1specificVaccinium vitis-idaea1807720.3218520.5300000310.055555556mg/100 gLoganberryType 1specificRubus loganobaccusLonganType 1specificDimocarpus longan128017LoquatType 1specificEriobotrya japonica32224LotusType 1specificNelumbo4430LovageType 1specificLevisticum officinale480427.07.07.0mg/100 gLowbush blueberryType 1specificVaccinium angustifolium4723690.00.00.0mg/100 gLupineType 1specificLupinus3869Macadamia nutType 1specificMacadamia4329Macadamia nut (M. tetraphylla)Type 1specificMacadamia tetraphylla5125630.00.00.0mg/100 gMaitakeType 1specificGrifola frondosa5627Malabar plumType 1specificSyzygium jambos334483Malabar spinachType 1specificBasella alba3589Malus (Crab apple)Type 1specificMalus3749Mamey sapoteType 1specificPouteria sapota233744Mammee appleType 1specificMammea americana198777Mandarin orange (Clementine, Tangerine)Type 1specificCitrus reticulata855710.00.00.0mg/100 gMangoType 1specificMangifera indica297800.050.050.05mg/100 gMateType 1Ilex paraguariensisMedlarType 1specificMespilus germanica36616MenthaType 1specificMentha21819Mexican groundcherryType 1specificPhysalis philadelphica var. immaculata374021Mexican oreganoType 1specificLippia graveolensMikanType 1Citrus unshiuMilletType 1specificPanicum miliaceum4540MisoType 2specificMixed nutsType 2specificMonk fruitType 1Siraitia grosvenoriiMorchella (Morel)Type 1specificMorchellaceae5192Moth beanType 1specificVigna aconitifolia3918Mountain yamType 1specificDioscorea pentaphylla167592MugwortType 1specificArtemisia vulgaris4220MulberryType 1specificMorus3497MunduType 1Garcinia dulcisMung beanType 1specificVigna radiata1577910.330.330.33mg/100 gMuscadine grapeType 1specificVitis rotundifolia103349MuskmelonType 1specificCucumis melo36560.0350.070.0mg/100 gMustard spinachType 1specificBrassica perviridisNanceType 1specificByrsonima crassifolia4270Nanking cherryType 1specificPrunus tomentosa105667Napa cabbageType 1specificBrassica rapa var. pekinensis513510.020.020.02mg/100 gNaranjillaType 1specificSolanum quitoense227725Narrowleaf cattailType 1specificTypha angustifolia59011Natal plumType 1specificCarissa macrocarpa403101NectarineType 1specificPrunus persica var. nucipersica3238510.040.040.04mg/100 gNew Zealand spinachType 1specificTetragonia tetragonioides4531815.7515.7515.75mg/100 gNopalType 1specificOpuntia cochenillifera338184NutmegType 1specificMyristica fragrans510890.00.00.0mg/100 gNutsUnknowngenericOatType 1specificAvena sativa4498Oat breadType 2specificOhelo berryType 1specificVaccinium reticulatum180767Oil palmType 1specificElaeis51952Oil-seed CamelliaType 1specificCamellia oleifera385388OkraType 1specificAbelmoschus esculentus4550450.00.00.0mg/100 gOliveType 1specificOlea europaea4146Onion-family vegetablesUnknowngenericOpium poppyType 1specificPapaver somniferum3469Orange bell pepperType 1specificCapsicum annuum4072Orange mintType 1specificMentha aquatica190902Oregon yampahType 1specificPerideridia oregana234866Oriental wheatType 1specificTriticum turanicum376534Ostrich fernType 1specificMatteuccia struthiopteris3277Other breadType 2specificOther cereal productType 2specificOther soy productType 2specificOval-leaf huckleberryType 1specificVaccinium ovalifolium1905440.00.00.0mg/100 gOxheart cabbageType 1specificBrassica oleracea var. conica0.00.00.0mg/100 gOyster mushroomType 1specificPleurotus ostreatus5322Pak choyType 1specificBrassica rapa var. chinensis933859.69.6000003819.600000381mg/100 gPapayaType 1specificCarica papaya36490.010.010.01mg/100 gParsleyType 1specificPetroselinum crispum40430.48251.490.0mg/100 gParsnipType 1specificPastinaca sativa40410.00.00.0mg/100 gPartridge berryType 1Mitchella repensPassion fruitType 1specificPassiflora edulis78168PastaType 2specificPea shootsType 1PeachType 1specificPrunus persica37600.110.220.0mg/100 gPeach (var.)Type 1specificPrunus persica var. persica3238520.00.00.0mg/100 gPeanutType 1specificArachis hypogaea38180.00.00.0mg/100 gPearType 1specificPyrus communis232110.00.00.0mg/100 gPecan nutType 1specificCarya illinoinensis322010.00.00.0mg/100 gPepperType 1specificCapsicum annuum40720.0128570.060.0mg/100 gPepper (C. baccatum)Type 1specificCapsicum baccatum var. baccatum165788Pepper (C. chinense)Type 1specificCapsicum chinense80379Pepper (C. frutescens)Type 1specificCapsicum annuum var. annuum40321Pepper (C. pubescens)Type 1specificCapsicum pubescens113210Pepper (Capsicum)Type 1specificCapsicum4071Pepper (Spice)Type 1specificPiper nigrum132160.00.00.0mg/100 gPeppermintType 1specificMentha X piperita342560.00.00.0mg/100 gPersian limeType 1specificCitrus latifolia200541PersimmonType 1specificDiospyros13492Pigeon peaType 1specificCajanus cajan3821Piki breadType 2specificPili nutType 1specificCanarium ovatum43691Pine nutType 1specificPinus33370.00.00.0mg/100 gPineappleType 1specificAnanas comosus46150.00.00.0mg/100 gPineappple sageType 1specificSalvia elegans888065PistachioType 1specificPistacia vera555130.00.00.0mg/100 gPita breadType 2specificPitangaType 1specificEugenia uniflora1199510.40.40.4mg/100 gPitayaType 1Hylocereus undatusPlains prickly pearType 1specificOpuntia macrorhiza1041245PlantainType 1Musa × paradisiacaPomegranateType 1specificPunica granatum226630.00.00.0mg/100 gPomesUnknowngenericPoppyType 1specificPapaver34682.32.32.3mg/100 gPot marjoramType 1specificOriganum onites452416PotatoType 1specificSolanum tuberosum41130.4250.80.050000001mg/100 gPotato breadType 2specificPrairie turnipType 1specificPediomelum esculentum458363Prickly pearType 1specificOpuntia1069750.180.180.18mg/100 gPrunus (Cherry, Plum)Type 1specificPrunus37540.010.010.01mg/100 gPulsesUnknowngenericPummeloType 1specificCitrus maxima373340.00.00.0mg/100 gPurple laverType 1specificPorphyra laciniataPurple mangosteenType 1specificGarcinia mangostana58228PurslaneType 1specificPortulaca oleracea461470.330.660.0mg/100 gQuinceType 1specificCydonia oblonga366100.00.00.0mg/100 gQuinoaType 1specificChenopodium quinoa63459Rabbiteye blueberryType 1specificVaccinium virgatum1.861.861.86mg/100 gRadishType 1specificRaphanus sativus372610.14333321.850.86mg/100 gRadish (var.)Type 1specificRaphanus sativus var. sativus2402280.630.6299999950.629999995mg/100 gRaisin breadType 2specificRambutanType 1specificNephelium lappaceum151071RapeType 1specificBrassica napus var. napus138011RapiniType 1specificBrassica ruvo1204434Red algaeType 1specificRhodophyta27630.00.00.0mg/100 gRed beetrootType 1specificBeta vulgaris var. rubra0.00.00.0mg/100 gRed bell pepperType 1specificCapsicum annuum40720.00.00.0mg/100 gRed cloverType 1Trifolium pratenseRed grapeType 1Red huckleberryType 1specificVaccinium parvifolium1807660.00.00.0mg/100 gRed onionType 1Red raspberryType 1specificRubus idaeus322470.0183570.0407692310.00264mg/100 gRed riceType 1specificOryza rufipogon4529Red teaType 10.6066671.410.12mg/100 gRed wineType 20.00.00.0mg/100 gRedcurrantType 1specificRibes rubrum1752280.0450.170.0mg/100 gRiceType 1specificOryza sativa4530Rice breadType 2specificRobusta coffeeType 1specificCoffea canephora493900.00.00.0mg/100 gRocket saladType 1specificEruca vesicaria1805361.781.781.78mg/100 gRocket salad (ssp.)Type 1specificEruca vesicaria ssp. sativa2972718.33534.891.78mg/100 gRomaine lettuceType 1specificLactuca sativa L. var. longifoliaRoman camomileType 1specificChamaemelum nobile99037Root vegetablesUnknowngenericRose hipType 1specificRosa3764RoselleType 1specificHibiscus sabdariffa183260RosemaryType 1specificRosmarinus officinalis393670.00.00.0mg/100 gRowalType 1specificPangium edule112823RowanberryType 1specificSorbus aucuparia365990.00.00.0mg/100 gRubus (Blackberry, Raspberry)Type 1specificRubus232160.086750.270.0mg/100 gRyeType 1specificSecale cereale4550Rye breadType 2specificSacred lotusType 1specificNelumbo nucifera44320.760.760.76mg/100 gSafflowerType 1specificCarthamus tinctorius4222SaffronType 1specificCrocus sativus82528205.48205.48205.48mg/100 gSago palmType 1specificMetroxylon sagu93297SalmonberryType 1specificRubus spectabilis59499SapodillaType 1specificManilkara zapota3741Saskatoon berryType 1specificAmelanchier alnifolia32219SauceType 2specific0.010.010.01mg/100 gSausageType 2specific0.00.00.0mg/100 gSavoy cabbageType 1specificBrassica oleracea var. sabauda12160100.5266670.790.26333334mg/100 gScarlet beanType 1specificPhaseolus coccineus3886Sea-buckthornberryType 1specificHippophae rhamnoides1935160.00.00.0mg/100 gSemolinaType 2specificSesameType 1specificSesamum orientale4182Sesbania flowerType 1specificSesbania bispinosa485725ShallotType 1specificAllium ascalonicum1476995Shea treeType 1specificVitellaria paradoxa292385SherryType 2specific0.00.00.0mg/100 gShiitakeType 1specificLentinus edodes5353Silver lindenType 1specificTilia argenteaSkunk currantType 1specificRibes glandulosum175226Small-leaf lindenType 1specificTilia cordata172266Soft-necked garlicType 1specificAllium sativum L. var. sativum4682SorghumType 1specificSorghum bicolor4558SorrelType 1specificRumex acetosa41241SoupType 2specific0.00.00.0mg/100 gSour cherryType 1specificPrunus cerasus1403111.5483335.140.0mg/100 gSour orangeType 1Citrus × aurantiumSourdockType 1specificRumex articus395311SourdoughType 2specificSoursopType 1specificAnnona muricata133370.00.00.0mg/100 gSoy beanType 1specificGlycine max38470.6151.230.0mg/100 gSoy creamType 2specificSoy milkType 2specificSoy sauceType 2specificSparkleberryType 1specificVaccinium arboreum229201SpearmintType 1specificMentha spicata29719SpeltType 1specificTriticum spelta58933SpinachType 1specificSpinacia oleracea35624.7483817.8651428570.0mg/100 gSpirulinaType 1specificSpirulina551299SquashberryType 1specificViburnum edule237934Star aniseType 1specificIllicium verum1247780.00.00.0mg/100 gStar fruitType 1specificAverrhoa carambola28974StrawberryType 1specificFragaria X ananassa37470.7033621.20.49mg/100 gStrawberry guavaType 1specificPsidium cattleianum375274Sugar appleType 1specificAnnona squamosa301693Summer grapeType 1specificVitis aestivalis3605Summer savoryType 1specificSatureja hortensis49987Sunburst squash (pattypan squash)Type 1specificCucurbita pepo var. clypeataSunflowerType 1specificHelianthus annuus4232Swamp cabbageType 1specificIpomoea aquatica896360.260.260.26mg/100 gSwedeType 1specificBrassica napus37080.443750.5674999950.32mg/100 gSweet basilType 1specificOcimum basilicum393500.00.00.0mg/100 gSweet bayType 1specificLaurus nobilis852232.414.820.0mg/100 gSweet cherryType 1specificPrunus avium422290.120.240.0mg/100 gSweet marjoramType 1specificOriganum majorana2688840.00.00.0mg/100 gSweet orangeType 1specificCitrus sinensis27110.040.130.0mg/100 gSweet potatoType 1specificIpomoea batatas41200.72252.130.0mg/100 gSweet rowanberryType 1specificGrataegosorbus mitschurinii0.00.00.0mg/100 gSwiss chardType 1specificBeta vulgaris ssp. cicla15272004.7571439.20.5mg/100 gTaco shellType 2TamarindType 1specificTamarindus indica58860TaroType 1specificColocasia esculenta44600.080.230.0mg/100 gTarragonType 1specificArtemisia dracunculus7234111.011.011.0mg/100 gTartary buckwheatType 1specificFagopyrum tataricum62330TeaType 1specificCamellia sinensis44420.6052031.410.006363636mg/100 gTea leaf willowType 1specificSalix pulchra669814TeffType 1specificEragrostis tef110835ThistleType 1specificCirsium41549TindaType 1specificCitrullus lanatus var. fistulosusTofuType 2specific1.191.191.19mg/100 gTortillaType 2specificTostada shellType 2Towel gourdType 1specificLuffa aegyptiaca36700.00.00.0mg/100 gTree fernType 1specificCyatheaTriticaleType 1specificX Triticosecale rimpauiTronchuda cabbageType 1specificBrassica oleracea var. costata416546TurmericType 1specificCurcuma longa1362170.00.00.0mg/100 gTurnipType 1specificBrassica rapa var. rapa513503.76174211.870.0046mg/100 gUcuhubaType 1specificVirola surinamensis224910Vaccinium (Blueberry, Cranberry, Huckleberry)Type 1specificVaccinium137491.0282.360.01mg/100 gVanillaType 1specificVanilla51238WakameType 1specificUndaria pinnatifida74381WalnutType 1specificJuglans16718WampeeType 1Clausena lansiumWasabiType 1specificWasabia japonica75806Water spinachType 1Ipomoea aquaticaWatercressType 1specificRorippa nasturtium-aquaticum1355188.123.030.27mg/100 gWatermelonType 1specificCitrullus lanatus36540.2250.450.0mg/100 gWax appleType 1specificEugenia javanica119950Wax gourdType 1specificBenincasa hispida102211Welsh onionType 1specificAllium fistulosum3587524.9524.9524.95mg/100 gWheatType 1specificTriticum4564Wheat breadType 2specificWhite breadType 1White cabbageType 1specificBrassica oleracea L. var. capitata L. f. alba DC.10.17071420.00.341428569mg/100 gWhite lupineType 1specificLupinus albus3870White mulberryType 1Morus albaWhite mustardType 1specificSinapis alba3728Wild carrotType 1specificDaucus carota40390.20.20.2mg/100 gWild celeryType 1specificApium graveolens40450.110.220.0mg/100 gWild leekType 1specificAllium ampeloprasum46812.672.672.67mg/100 gWild riceType 1specificZizania15949Winged beanType 1specificPsophocarpus tetragonolobus3891Winter savoryType 1specificSatureja montana49988Winter squashType 1specificCucurbita maxima3661Wonton wrapperType 2specificYali pearType 1specificPyrus × bretschneideriYamType 1specificDioscorea46720.00.00.0mg/100 gYardlong beanType 1specificVigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis1389550.50.50.5mg/100 gYau choyType 1YautiaType 1specificXanthosoma sagittifolium28478Yellow bell pepperType 1specificCapsicum annuum40720.00.00.0mg/100 gYellow pond-lilyType 1specificNuphar lutea77113Yellow wax beanType 1specificPhaseolus vulgaris38850.6110591.222117660.0mg/100 gYellow zucchiniType 1specificCucurbita pepo var. cylindricaZwiebackType 2specificbitter11beta-hydroxysteroid-dehydrogenase inhibitor4A compound or agent that combines with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction.5-lipoxygenase inhibitor10A compound or agent that combines with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction.aldose reductase inhibitor40An EC 1.1.1.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-OH group, NAD(+) or NADP(+) acceptor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of aldehyde reductase (EC 1.1.1.21).anti aflatoxin92A substance that diminishes the rate of a chemical reaction.anti aggregant94anti allergic103A drug used to treat allergic reactions.anti bacterial145A substance that kills or slows the growth of bacteria.anti cancer159A substance that inhibits or prevents the proliferation of neoplasms.anti fertility276anti gingivitic298Any substance introduced into a living organism with therapeutic or diagnostic purpose.anti herpetic329A substance that destroys or inhibits replication of viruses.anti histaminic331Histamine antagonists are the drugs that bind to but do not activate histamine receptors, thereby blocking the actions of histamine or histamine agonists.anti implantation364anti inflammatory370A substance that reduces or suppresses inflammation.anti leukemic393A substance that inhibits or prevents the proliferation of neoplasms.anti lymphocytic413anti mutagenic451anti periodontic515anti plaque531anti radicular572anti septic603A substance that kills or slows the growth of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoans.anti serotonin608anti spasmodic619Any substance introduced into a living organism with therapeutic or diagnostic purpose.anti staphylococcic627A substance that kills or slows the growth of bacteria.anti ulcer676One of various classes of drugs with different action mechanisms used to treat or ameliorate peptic ulcer or irritation of the gastrointestinal tract.anti viral689A substance that destroys or inhibits replication of viruses.antioxidant502A substance that opposes oxidation or inhibits reactions brought about by dioxygen or peroxides. In European countries, E-numbers for permitted antioxidant food additives are from E 300 to E 324.antitumor672A substance that inhibits or prevents the proliferation of neoplasms.antitumor promoter673A substance that inhibits or prevents the proliferation of neoplasms.apoptotic704aromatase inhibitor705An EC 1.14.14.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, incorporating of 1 atom of oxygen, with reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor) inhibitor which interferes with the action of aromatase (EC 1.14.14.14) and so reduces production of estrogenic steroid hormones.cAMP-phosphodiesterase inhibitor753A compound or agent that combines with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction.cancer preventive754A substance that inhibits or prevents the proliferation of neoplasms.carcinogenic762A role played by a chemical compound which is known to induce a process of carcinogenesis by corrupting normal cellular pathways, leading to the acquistion of tumoral capabilities.choleretic801copper chelator834A ligand with two or more separate binding sites that can bind to a single metallic central atom, forming a chelate.cyclooxygenase inhibitor849A compound or agent that combines with cyclooxygenases (EC 1.14.99.1) and thereby prevents its substrate-enzyme combination with arachidonic acid and the formation of icosanoids, prostaglandins, and thromboxanes.cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor841A cyclooxygenase inhibitor that interferes with the action of cyclooxygenase 2.cytotoxic859A role played by the molecular entity or part thereof which causes the development of a pathological process.diaphoretic879diuretic883An agent that promotes the excretion of urine through its effects on kidney function.estrogenic922fungicide940A substance used to destroy fungal pests.hepatoprotective981Any compound that is able to prevent damage to the liver.HIV-reverse-transcriptase inhibitor994A compound or agent that combines with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction.hypotensive1021ICAM-1 inhibitor1026A substance that diminishes the rate of a chemical reaction.iNOS inhibitor1036A compound or agent that combines with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction.inotropic1037iodothyronine-deiodinase inhibitor1054A compound or agent that combines with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction.JNK inhibitor1057A compound or agent that combines with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction.lipoxygenase inhibitor1077A compound or agent that combines with lipoxygenase and thereby prevents its substrate-enzyme combination with arachidonic acid and the formation of the icosanoid products hydroxyicosatetraenoic acid and various leukotrienes.monoamine-oxidase inhibitor1089A compound or agent that combines with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction.mutagenic1125natriuretic1140neuroprotective1158Any compound that can be used for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.nitric-oxide inhibitor1167A substance that diminishes the rate of a chemical reaction.pesticide1210Strictly, a substance intended to kill pests. In common usage, any substance used for controlling, preventing, or destroying animal, microbiological or plant pests.platelet aggregation factor inhibitor1192A drug or agent which antagonizes or impairs any mechanism leading to blood platelet aggregation, whether during the phases of activation and shape change or following the dense-granule release reaction and stimulation of the prostaglandin-thromboxane system.protisticide1266quinone-reductase inducer1277teratologic1348TNF-alpha inhibitor1363A substance that diminishes the rate of a chemical reaction.topoisomerase-I inhibitor1368A topoisomerase inhibitor that inhibits the bacterial enzymes of the DNA topoisomerases, Type I class (EC 5.99.1.2) that catalyze ATP-independent breakage of one of the two strands of DNA, passage of the unbroken strand through the break, and rejoining of the broken strand. These bacterial enzymes reduce the topological stress in the DNA structure by relaxing negatively, but not positively, supercoiled DNA.topoisomerase-II inhibitor1366A topoisomerase inhibitor that inhibits DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing), EC 5.99.1.3 (topoisomerase II), which catalyses ATP-dependent breakage of both strands of DNA, passage of the unbroken strands through the breaks, and rejoining of the broken strands.tyrosinase inhibitor1389Any EC 1.14.18.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, miscellaneous compound as one donor, incorporating 1 atom of oxygen) inhibitor that interferes with the action of tyrosinase (monophenol monooxygenase), EC 1.14.18.1, an enzyme that catalyses the oxidation of phenols (such as tyrosine) and is widespread in plants and animals.utero trophic1406Any substance introduced into a living organism with therapeutic or diagnostic purpose.vasodilator1413A drug used to cause dilation of the blood vessels.