Record Information |
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Version | 1.0 |
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Creation date | 2010-04-08 22:04:35 UTC |
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Update date | 2020-09-17 15:42:09 UTC |
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Primary ID | FDB000484 |
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Secondary Accession Numbers | Not Available |
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Chemical Information |
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FooDB Name | Glycine |
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Description | Glycine, also known as Gly or aminoacetic acid, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alpha amino acids. These are amino acids in which the amino group is attached to the carbon atom immediately adjacent to the carboxylate group (alpha carbon). Glycine is a very strong basic compound (based on its pKa). Glycine exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. Glycine is an odorless tasting compound. Outside of the human body, Glycine is found, on average, in the highest concentration within a few different foods, such as gelatins, gelatin desserts, and beluga whales and in a lower concentration in hedge mustards, pumpkinseed sunfish, and prunus (cherry, plum). Glycine has also been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as boysenberries, fruit juices, giant butterburs, ginsengs, and Chinese mustards. Glycine is most important and simple, nonessential amino acid in humans, animals, and many mammals. Generally, glycine is synthesized from choline, serine, hydroxyproline, and threonine through interorgan metabolism in which kidneys and liver are the primarily involved. Glycine acts as precursor for several key metabolites of low molecular weight such as creatine, glutathione, haem, purines, and porphyrins. There are a number of reports supporting the role of supplementary glycine in prevention of many diseases and disorders including cancer. Dietary supplementation of glycine is effectual has been shown to be effective in treating metabolic disorders in patients with cardiovascular diseases ( PMID: 25332814), several inflammatory diseases, obesity, cancers, and diabetes ( PMID: 27292783). Glycine has also been shown to enhance the quality of sleep and neurological functions. (PMID: 28337245) |
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CAS Number | 56-40-6 |
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Structure | |
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Synonyms | Synonym | Source |
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Aminoacetic acid | ChEBI | Aminoessigsaeure | ChEBI | Aminoethanoic acid | ChEBI | G | ChEBI | Gly | ChEBI | Glycin | ChEBI | Glycocoll | ChEBI | Glykokoll | ChEBI | Glyzin | ChEBI | H2N-CH2-COOH | ChEBI | Hgly | ChEBI | Leimzucker | ChEBI | Aminoacetate | Generator | Aminoethanoate | Generator | 2-Aminoacetate | HMDB | 2-Aminoacetic acid | HMDB | Aciport | HMDB | Amino-acetate | HMDB | Amino-acetic acid | HMDB | Glicoamin | HMDB | Glycolixir | HMDB | Glycosthene | HMDB | Gyn-hydralin | HMDB | Padil | HMDB | Glycine carbonate (1:1), monosodium salt | HMDB | Glycine carbonate (2:1), monopotassium salt | HMDB | Glycine sulfate (3:1) | HMDB | Glycine, monoammonium salt | HMDB | Glycine, monosodium salt | HMDB | Glycine, sodium hydrogen carbonate | HMDB | Monoammonium salt glycine | HMDB | Calcium salt glycine | HMDB | Glycine hydrochloride (2:1) | HMDB | Glycine phosphate (1:1) | HMDB | Glycine, monopotasssium salt | HMDB | Monopotasssium salt glycine | HMDB | Monosodium salt glycine | HMDB | Glycine carbonate (2:1), monolithium salt | HMDB | Glycine carbonate (2:1), monosodium salt | HMDB | Glycine hydrochloride | HMDB | Glycine, copper salt | HMDB | Hydrochloride, glycine | HMDB | Salt glycine, monoammonium | HMDB | Acid, aminoacetic | HMDB | Cobalt salt glycine | HMDB | Copper salt glycine | HMDB | Glycine phosphate | HMDB | Glycine, calcium salt | HMDB | Glycine, calcium salt (2:1) | HMDB | Glycine, cobalt salt | HMDB | Phosphate, glycine | HMDB | Salt glycine, monosodium | HMDB | Adenine | biospider | Aminoacetic acid, 9CI | db_source | Amitone | biospider | Athenon | biospider | E640 | db_source | FEMA 3287 | db_source | Glue sugar | db_source |
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Predicted Properties | |
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Chemical Formula | C2H5NO2 |
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IUPAC name | 2-aminoacetic acid |
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InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C2H5NO2/c3-1-2(4)5/h1,3H2,(H,4,5) |
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InChI Key | DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
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Isomeric SMILES | NCC(O)=O |
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Average Molecular Weight | 75.0666 |
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Monoisotopic Molecular Weight | 75.032028409 |
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Classification |
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Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alpha amino acids. These are amino acids in which the amino group is attached to the carbon atom immediately adjacent to the carboxylate group (alpha carbon). |
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Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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Super Class | Organic acids and derivatives |
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Class | Carboxylic acids and derivatives |
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Sub Class | Amino acids, peptides, and analogues |
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Direct Parent | Alpha amino acids |
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Alternative Parents | |
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Substituents | - Alpha-amino acid
- Amino acid
- Carboxylic acid
- Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
- Organic nitrogen compound
- Organic oxide
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Primary amine
- Organooxygen compound
- Organonitrogen compound
- Organopnictogen compound
- Primary aliphatic amine
- Organic oxygen compound
- Carbonyl group
- Amine
- Aliphatic acyclic compound
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Molecular Framework | Aliphatic acyclic compounds |
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External Descriptors | |
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Ontology |
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Physiological effect | Health effect: |
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Disposition | Route of exposure: Source: Biological location: |
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Role | Biological role: Industrial application: |
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Physico-Chemical Properties - Experimental |
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Physico-Chemical Properties - Experimental | Property | Value | Reference |
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Physical state | Solid | |
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Physical Description | Not Available | |
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Mass Composition | C 32.00%; H 6.71%; N 18.66%; O 42.63% | DFC |
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Melting Point | Mp 292 (262°)° dec. | DFC |
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Boiling Point | Not Available | |
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Experimental Water Solubility | 249 mg/mL at 25 oC | YALKOWSKY,SH & DANNENFELSER,RM (1992) |
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Experimental logP | -3.21 | HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995) |
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Experimental pKa | pKa2 9.78 (25°) | DFC |
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Isoelectric point | Not Available | |
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Charge | 0 | |
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Optical Rotation | Not Available | |
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Spectroscopic UV Data | Not Available | |
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Density | Not Available | |
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Refractive Index | Not Available | |
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Spectra |
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Spectra | |
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EI-MS/GC-MS | Type | Description | Splash Key | View |
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EI-MS | Mass Spectrum (Electron Ionization) | splash10-001i-9000000000-222d6c3a1ba6afcd7ea9 | 2014-09-20 | View Spectrum | GC-MS | Glycine, 3 TMS, GC-MS Spectrum | splash10-00dj-2900000000-0ef96bcf06ce475afcdd | Spectrum | GC-MS | Glycine, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrum | splash10-00dj-1900000000-1d289099ac79cfb8bb19 | Spectrum | GC-MS | Glycine, 3 TMS, GC-MS Spectrum | splash10-00di-7910000000-6c972a683dfb75b69331 | Spectrum | GC-MS | Glycine, 2 TMS, GC-MS Spectrum | splash10-0udi-0900000000-ef69e38ee6cebc2ece00 | Spectrum | GC-MS | Glycine, 3 TMS, GC-MS Spectrum | splash10-00di-2910000000-3215b9e40f20c7b306cd | Spectrum | GC-MS | Glycine, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrum | splash10-001i-9000000000-719b7f248956f13a312d | Spectrum | GC-MS | Glycine, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrum | splash10-0udi-0900000000-99b4fc43740b21edc786 | Spectrum | GC-MS | Glycine, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrum | splash10-00di-1910000000-4cff4d14c73acff9442f | Spectrum | GC-MS | Glycine, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrum | splash10-00dj-2900000000-0ef96bcf06ce475afcdd | Spectrum | GC-MS | Glycine, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrum | splash10-00dj-1900000000-1d289099ac79cfb8bb19 | Spectrum | GC-MS | Glycine, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrum | splash10-0002-4960000000-2c6fa028e985c6019854 | Spectrum | GC-MS | Glycine, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrum | splash10-00di-7910000000-6c972a683dfb75b69331 | Spectrum | GC-MS | Glycine, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrum | splash10-00di-2910000000-3215b9e40f20c7b306cd | Spectrum | GC-MS | Glycine, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrum | splash10-0udi-0900000000-ef69e38ee6cebc2ece00 | Spectrum | GC-MS | Glycine, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrum | splash10-00ds-2900000000-ffffed9c78c16a884e4a | Spectrum | GC-MS | Glycine, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrum | splash10-004r-3900000000-f288b50b7b6890429811 | Spectrum | GC-MS | Glycine, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrum | splash10-0udi-1900000000-c76140c31c1f120e4b9d | Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Glycine, non-derivatized, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive | splash10-001i-9000000000-f0a2cfbefb9fcd9b6c3e | Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Glycine, 1 TMS, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive | splash10-00di-9300000000-b8bbfc1276d5adb1ba04 | Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Glycine, non-derivatized, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Glycine, TMS_1_2, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Glycine, TBDMS_1_1, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Glycine, TBDMS_1_2, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | Spectrum |
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MS/MS | Type | Description | Splash Key | View |
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MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 10V, Positive (Annotated) | splash10-003r-9000000000-725357e461c898a7451e | 2012-07-24 | View Spectrum | MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 25V, Positive (Annotated) | splash10-001i-9000000000-9f3930e66b117ad91dca | 2012-07-24 | View Spectrum | MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 40V, Positive (Annotated) | splash10-001i-9000000000-b3336097dddbb5e22871 | 2012-07-24 | View Spectrum | MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - EI-B (HITACHI RMU-6M) , Positive | splash10-001i-9000000000-719b7f248956f13a312d | 2012-08-31 | View Spectrum | MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 10V, Negative | splash10-00di-9000000000-6001578fc511ba3fefef | 2012-08-31 | View Spectrum | MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 20V, Negative | splash10-00di-9000000000-79b2a0a9d93de6a62358 | 2012-08-31 | View Spectrum | MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 30V, Negative | splash10-00di-9000000000-9290dbe208c4744f4431 | 2012-08-31 | View Spectrum | MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 10V, Positive | splash10-004i-9000000000-342ab462db0835abb3d2 | 2012-08-31 | View Spectrum | MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 20V, Positive | splash10-0ar1-9010000000-9daadc1d169a8530926d | 2012-08-31 | View Spectrum | MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 30V, Positive | splash10-07y0-9220000000-8c7785f1f3aa8052679f | 2012-08-31 | View Spectrum | MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 40V, Positive | splash10-0ula-9110000000-43ada06fe1b56b4e9fcc | 2012-08-31 | View Spectrum | MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 50V, Positive | splash10-017i-9000000000-fbd78fbb48f082235f42 | 2012-08-31 | View Spectrum | MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - CE-ESI-TOF (CE-system connected to 6210 Time-of-Flight MS, Agilent) , Positive | splash10-004i-9000000000-c38d0fb28793438083a9 | 2012-08-31 | View Spectrum | MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - DI-ESI-Q-Exactive Plus , Positive | splash10-004i-9000000000-18a7ae48c7b0e15cdf18 | 2017-09-14 | View Spectrum | MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negative | splash10-00di-9000000000-6001578fc511ba3fefef | 2017-09-14 | View Spectrum | MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negative | splash10-00di-9000000000-79b2a0a9d93de6a62358 | 2017-09-14 | View Spectrum | MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negative | splash10-00di-9000000000-9290dbe208c4744f4431 | 2017-09-14 | View Spectrum | MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - , negative | splash10-00di-9000000000-605b44ac311a9af4bb7a | 2017-09-14 | View Spectrum | MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , positive | splash10-004i-9000000000-342ab462db0835abb3d2 | 2017-09-14 | View Spectrum | Predicted MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive | splash10-0059-9000000000-c6b1ebc1dba89b6a6184 | 2015-04-24 | View Spectrum | Predicted MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive | splash10-001i-9000000000-851aa6a0263541a8b249 | 2015-04-24 | View Spectrum | Predicted MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive | splash10-053r-9000000000-d3b5624412082bb2cf60 | 2015-04-24 | View Spectrum | Predicted MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative | splash10-00di-9000000000-89b2c043a5afe3ebc6f6 | 2015-04-25 | View Spectrum | Predicted MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative | splash10-00di-9000000000-b4046e208ee8adb87021 | 2015-04-25 | View Spectrum | Predicted MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative | splash10-05fr-9000000000-36521e440c602bd2ca5a | 2015-04-25 | View Spectrum |
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NMR | Type | Description | | View |
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1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H2O, experimental) | | Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 125 MHz, H2O, experimental) | | Spectrum | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, experimental) | | Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 22.5 MHz, D2O, experimental) | | Spectrum | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, D2O, experimental) | | Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted) | | Spectrum | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted) | | Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted) | | Spectrum | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted) | | Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted) | | Spectrum | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted) | | Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted) | | Spectrum | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted) | | Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted) | | Spectrum | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted) | | Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted) | | Spectrum | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted) | | Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted) | | Spectrum | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted) | | Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted) | | Spectrum | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted) | | Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted) | | Spectrum | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted) | | Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted) | | Spectrum | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted) | | Spectrum | 2D NMR | [1H, 1H]-TOCSY. Unexported temporarily by An Chi on Oct 15, 2021 until json or nmrML file is generated. 2D NMR Spectrum (experimental) | | Spectrum | 2D NMR | [1H, 13C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, H2O, experimental) | | Spectrum |
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External Links |
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ChemSpider ID | 730 |
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ChEMBL ID | CHEMBL773 |
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KEGG Compound ID | C00037 |
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Pubchem Compound ID | 750 |
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Pubchem Substance ID | Not Available |
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ChEBI ID | Not Available |
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Phenol-Explorer ID | 1062 |
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DrugBank ID | DB00145 |
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HMDB ID | HMDB00123 |
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CRC / DFC (Dictionary of Food Compounds) ID | BCV25-I:BCV25-I |
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EAFUS ID | 1527 |
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Dr. Duke ID | GLYCINE|GYLCINE |
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BIGG ID | 33610 |
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KNApSAcK ID | C00001361 |
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HET ID | GLY |
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Food Biomarker Ontology | Not Available |
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VMH ID | Not Available |
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Flavornet ID | Not Available |
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GoodScent ID | rw1008481 |
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SuperScent ID | Not Available |
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Wikipedia ID | Glycine |
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Phenol-Explorer Metabolite ID | 1062 |
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Duplicate IDS | Not Available |
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Old DFC IDS | Not Available |
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Associated Foods |
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Food | Content Range | Average | Reference |
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Food | | | Reference |
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Biological Effects and Interactions |
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Health Effects / Bioactivities | |
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Enzymes | Name | Gene Name | UniProt ID |
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Glycine N-acyltransferase | GLYAT | Q6IB77 | Glycine N-acyltransferase-like protein 1 | GLYATL1 | Q969I3 | Glycine N-acyltransferase-like protein 2 | GLYATL2 | Q8WU03 | 2-amino-3-ketobutyrate coenzyme A ligase, mitochondrial | GCAT | O75600 | Trifunctional purine biosynthetic protein adenosine-3 | GART | P22102 | Alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase 2, mitochondrial | AGXT2 | Q9BYV1 | Glycine amidinotransferase, mitochondrial | GATM | P50440 | Bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase | BAAT | Q14032 | Glycine--tRNA ligase | GARS | P41250 | Aminomethyltransferase, mitochondrial | AMT | P48728 | Glutathione synthetase | GSS | P48637 | Serine hydroxymethyltransferase, mitochondrial | SHMT2 | P34897 | Serine hydroxymethyltransferase, cytosolic | SHMT1 | P34896 | Glycine dehydrogenase [decarboxylating], mitochondrial | GLDC | P23378 | Glycine cleavage system H protein, mitochondrial | GCSH | P23434 | Vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter | SLC32A1 | Q9H598 | Kynurenine--oxoglutarate transaminase 3 | CCBL2 | Q6YP21 | Serine hydroxymethyltransferase | DKFZp686P09201 | Q5HYG8 |
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Pathways | |
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Metabolism | Not Available |
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Biosynthesis | Not Available |
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Organoleptic Properties |
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Flavours | Flavor | Citations |
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odorless |
- The Good Scents Company (2009). Flavor and fragrance information catalog. <http://www.thegoodscentscompany.com/allprod.html> Accessed 15.10.23.
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Files |
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MSDS | show |
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References |
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Synthesis Reference | Not Available |
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General Reference | Not Available |
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Content Reference | — Saxholt, E., et al. 'Danish food composition databank, revision 7.' Department of Nutrition, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark (2008). — U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. 2008. USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, Release 21. Nutrient Data Laboratory Home Page. — Duke, James. 'Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases. United States Department of Agriculture.' Agricultural Research Service, Accessed April 27 (2004). — Shinbo, Y., et al. 'KNApSAcK: a comprehensive species-metabolite relationship database.' Plant Metabolomics. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. 165-181.
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