<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<compound>
  <version>1.0</version>
  <creation_date>2010-04-08 22:04:35 UTC</creation_date>
  <update_date>2020-02-24 19:10:08 UTC</update_date>
  <accession>FDB000495</accession>
  <name>Amaranthin</name>
  <description>Pigment from Amaranthus caudatus (love-lies-bleeding) and Amaranthus tricolor (Chinese spinach). Amaranthin is found in cereals and cereal products, green vegetables, and spinach.</description>
  <synonyms>
    <synonym>Amaranthin</synonym>
    <synonym>Amaranthin betacyanin</synonym>
    <synonym>Amaranthin pigment</synonym>
    <synonym>Amarantin</synonym>
  </synonyms>
  <chemical_formula>C30H34N2O19</chemical_formula>
  <average_molecular_weight>726.593</average_molecular_weight>
  <monisotopic_moleculate_weight>726.175576916</monisotopic_moleculate_weight>
  <iupac_name>(1E)-5-({3-[(6-carboxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxy]-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl}oxy)-1-{2-[(4E)-2,6-dicarboxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridin-4-ylidene]ethylidene}-6-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1H-1λ⁵-indol-1-ylium-2-carboxylate</iupac_name>
  <traditional_iupac>(1E)-5-({3-[(6-carboxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxy]-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl}oxy)-1-{2-[(4E)-2,6-dicarboxy-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyridin-4-ylidene]ethylidene}-6-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1H-1λ⁵-indol-1-ylium-2-carboxylate</traditional_iupac>
  <cas_registry_number>15167-84-7</cas_registry_number>
  <smiles>OCC1OC(OC2=C(O)C=C3C(CC(C([O-])=O)\[N+]3=C/C=C3\CC(NC(=C3)C(O)=O)C(O)=O)=C2)C(OC2OC(C(O)C(O)C2O)C(O)=O)C(O)C1O</smiles>
  <inchi>InChI=1S/C30H34N2O19/c33-8-17-18(35)20(37)24(51-29-22(39)19(36)21(38)23(50-29)28(46)47)30(49-17)48-16-6-10-5-14(27(44)45)32(13(10)7-15(16)34)2-1-9-3-11(25(40)41)31-12(4-9)26(42)43/h1-3,6-7,12,14,17-24,29-30,33,35-39H,4-5,8H2,(H5,34,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47)</inchi>
  <inchikey>ATSKDYKYMQVTGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N</inchikey>
  <taxonomy>
    <description> belongs to the class of organic compounds known as betacyanins and derivatives. These are organic compounds containing a glycoside of indolium-2-carboxylic acid attached, with the nitrogen ring of the indolium ring attached to an ethylpyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid derivative. Betacyanins are red nitrogenous pigments found in certain plants, such as beetroots.</description>
    <direct_parent>Betacyanins and derivatives</direct_parent>
    <kingdom>Organic compounds</kingdom>
    <super_class>Alkaloids and derivatives</super_class>
    <class>Betalains</class>
    <sub_class>Betacyanins and derivatives</sub_class>
    <molecular_framework>Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds</molecular_framework>
    <alternative_parents>
      <alternative_parent>1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoids</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Acetals</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Alpha amino acids</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Amino acids</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Azacyclic compounds</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Beta hydroxy acids and derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Carbonyl compounds</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Carboxylic acid salts</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Carboxylic acids</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Dialkylamines</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Disaccharides</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Enamines</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Hydrocarbon derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Indolecarboxylic acids</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>O-glucuronides</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>O-glycosyl compounds</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Organic oxides</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Organic salts</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Organic zwitterions</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Organopnictogen compounds</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Oxacyclic compounds</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Oxanes</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Phenolic glycosides</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Polyols</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Primary alcohols</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Propargyl-type 1,3-dipolar organic compounds</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Pyrans</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Secondary alcohols</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Shiff bases</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Tetracarboxylic acids and derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Tetrahydropyridines</alternative_parent>
    </alternative_parents>
    <substituents>
      <substituent>1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid</substituent>
      <substituent>1-o-glucuronide</substituent>
      <substituent>Acetal</substituent>
      <substituent>Alcohol</substituent>
      <substituent>Alpha-amino acid</substituent>
      <substituent>Alpha-amino acid or derivatives</substituent>
      <substituent>Amine</substituent>
      <substituent>Amino acid</substituent>
      <substituent>Amino acid or derivatives</substituent>
      <substituent>Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Azacycle</substituent>
      <substituent>Benzenoid</substituent>
      <substituent>Beta-hydroxy acid</substituent>
      <substituent>Betacyanin</substituent>
      <substituent>Carbonyl group</substituent>
      <substituent>Carboxylic acid</substituent>
      <substituent>Carboxylic acid derivative</substituent>
      <substituent>Carboxylic acid salt</substituent>
      <substituent>Disaccharide</substituent>
      <substituent>Enamine</substituent>
      <substituent>Glucuronic acid or derivatives</substituent>
      <substituent>Glycosyl compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Hydrocarbon derivative</substituent>
      <substituent>Hydropyridine</substituent>
      <substituent>Hydroxy acid</substituent>
      <substituent>Indole or derivatives</substituent>
      <substituent>Indolecarboxylic acid</substituent>
      <substituent>Indolecarboxylic acid derivative</substituent>
      <substituent>O-glucuronide</substituent>
      <substituent>O-glycosyl compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic 1,3-dipolar compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic nitrogen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic oxide</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic oxygen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic salt</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic zwitterion</substituent>
      <substituent>Organoheterocyclic compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organonitrogen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organooxygen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organopnictogen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Oxacycle</substituent>
      <substituent>Oxane</substituent>
      <substituent>Phenolic glycoside</substituent>
      <substituent>Polyol</substituent>
      <substituent>Primary alcohol</substituent>
      <substituent>Propargyl-type 1,3-dipolar organic compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Pyran</substituent>
      <substituent>Secondary alcohol</substituent>
      <substituent>Secondary aliphatic amine</substituent>
      <substituent>Secondary amine</substituent>
      <substituent>Shiff base</substituent>
      <substituent>Tetracarboxylic acid or derivatives</substituent>
      <substituent>Tetrahydropyridine</substituent>
    </substituents>
    <external_descriptors>
    </external_descriptors>
  </taxonomy>
  <state/>
  <predicted_properties>
    <property>
      <kind>logp</kind>
      <value>-0.38</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>logs</kind>
      <value>-3.14</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>solubility</kind>
      <value>5.71e-01 g/l</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
  </predicted_properties>
  <experimental_properties>
  </experimental_properties>
  <property>
    <kind>logp</kind>
    <value>-6.8</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>pka_strongest_acidic</kind>
    <value>1.44</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>pka_strongest_basic</kind>
    <value>-3.9</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>iupac</kind>
    <value>(1E)-5-({3-[(6-carboxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxy]-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl}oxy)-1-{2-[(4E)-2,6-dicarboxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridin-4-ylidene]ethylidene}-6-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1H-1λ⁵-indol-1-ylium-2-carboxylate</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>average_mass</kind>
    <value>726.593</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>mono_mass</kind>
    <value>726.175576916</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>smiles</kind>
    <value>OCC1OC(OC2=C(O)C=C3C(CC(C([O-])=O)\[N+]3=C/C=C3\CC(NC(=C3)C(O)=O)C(O)=O)=C2)C(OC2OC(C(O)C(O)C2O)C(O)=O)C(O)C1O</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>formula</kind>
    <value>C30H34N2O19</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>inchi</kind>
    <value>InChI=1S/C30H34N2O19/c33-8-17-18(35)20(37)24(51-29-22(39)19(36)21(38)23(50-29)28(46)47)30(49-17)48-16-6-10-5-14(27(44)45)32(13(10)7-15(16)34)2-1-9-3-11(25(40)41)31-12(4-9)26(42)43/h1-3,6-7,12,14,17-24,29-30,33,35-39H,4-5,8H2,(H5,34,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47)</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>inchikey</kind>
    <value>ATSKDYKYMQVTGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>polar_surface_area</kind>
    <value>345.6</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>refractivity</kind>
    <value>181.99</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>polarizability</kind>
    <value>68.54</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>rotatable_bond_count</kind>
    <value>10</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>acceptor_count</kind>
    <value>20</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>donor_count</kind>
    <value>11</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>physiological_charge</kind>
    <value>-3</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>formal_charge</kind>
    <value>0</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <pathways>
  </pathways>
  <spectra>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>764022</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>764023</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>764024</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>764025</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>764026</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>764027</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>764028</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>764029</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>764030</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>764031</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>764032</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>764033</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>764034</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>764035</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>764036</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>764037</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>764038</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>764039</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>764040</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>764041</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>764042</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>764043</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>764044</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>764045</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>764046</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>15362</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>15363</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>15364</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>15365</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>15366</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>15367</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>15368</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>15369</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>15370</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>15371</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>15372</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>15373</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>15374</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>15375</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>15376</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>15377</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>15378</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>15379</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>15380</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>15381</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>47268</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>47269</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>47270</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>175128</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>175129</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>175130</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2704571</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2704572</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2704573</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>3004005</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>3004006</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>3004007</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
  </spectra>
  <hmdb_id>HMDB29406</hmdb_id>
  <pubchem_compound_id/>
  <chemspider_id/>
  <kegg_id/>
  <chebi_id>2621</chebi_id>
  <biocyc_id/>
  <het_id/>
  <wikipidia/>
  <vmh_id/>
  <fbonto_id/>
  <foodb_id/>
  <general_references>
    <reference>#&lt;Reference:0x000055ce2ea247f0&gt;</reference>
    <reference>#&lt;Reference:0x000055ce2ea13a68&gt;</reference>
  </general_references>
  <foods>
    <food>
      <name>Breakfast cereal</name>
      <food_type>Type 2</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific/>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id/>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Cereals and cereal products</name>
      <food_type>Unknown</food_type>
      <category>generic</category>
      <name_scientific/>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id/>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Green vegetables</name>
      <food_type>Unknown</food_type>
      <category>generic</category>
      <name_scientific/>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id/>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Spinach</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Spinacia oleracea</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>3562</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
  </foods>
  <flavors>
  </flavors>
  <enzymes>
    <enzyme>
      <name>UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-1</name>
      <uniprot_id>P22309</uniprot_id>
      <uniprot_name/>
      <gene_name>UGT1A1</gene_name>
    </enzyme>
    <enzyme>
      <name>UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-4</name>
      <uniprot_id>P22310</uniprot_id>
      <uniprot_name/>
      <gene_name>UGT1A4</gene_name>
    </enzyme>
    <enzyme>
      <name>UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-6</name>
      <uniprot_id>P19224</uniprot_id>
      <uniprot_name/>
      <gene_name>UGT1A6</gene_name>
    </enzyme>
    <enzyme>
      <name>UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-9</name>
      <uniprot_id>O60656</uniprot_id>
      <uniprot_name/>
      <gene_name>UGT1A9</gene_name>
    </enzyme>
    <enzyme>
      <name>UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B4</name>
      <uniprot_id>P06133</uniprot_id>
      <uniprot_name/>
      <gene_name>UGT2B4</gene_name>
    </enzyme>
    <enzyme>
      <name>UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B7</name>
      <uniprot_id>P16662</uniprot_id>
      <uniprot_name/>
      <gene_name>UGT2B7</gene_name>
    </enzyme>
  </enzymes>
  <health_effects>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Pigment</name>
      <id>1227</id>
      <definition>An endogenous molecular entity that results in a colour of an organism as the consequence of the selective absorption of light.</definition>
    </health_effect>
  </health_effects>
</compound>
