| Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor | 35457 | An agent that blocks the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, reducing blood pressure and fluid retention. Therapeutically, it's used to treat hypertension, heart failure, and protect kidney function in diabetes, thereby reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease and stroke. | DUKE |
| Aldose reductase inhibitor | 48550 | An agent that blocks the activity of aldose reductase, an enzyme involved in glucose metabolism. It reduces oxidative stress and inflammation, commonly used in managing diabetic complications, such as neuropathy, nephropathy, and retinopathy. | DUKE |
| Amebicide | 33281 | An agent that kills or inhibits the growth of amoebas, used to treat amoebic infections such as amoebic dysentery and liver abscess, commonly targeting Entamoeba histolytica. | DUKE |
| Anaphrodisiac | | An agent that reduces or suppresses sexual desire, used therapeutically to manage hypersexuality, sex addiction, or paraphilias, and in treating conditions like priapism or excessive sexual arousal. | DUKE |
| Anti bacterial | 33282 | An agent that inhibits the growth of or destroys bacteria, playing a crucial role in preventing and treating infections. Therapeutically, it is used to combat bacterial infections, with key medical applications including treating pneumonia, tuberculosis, and skin infections, as well as preventing surgical site infections and sepsis. | DUKE |
| Antibiotic | 22582 | An agent that inhibits the growth of or destroys microorganisms, particularly bacteria. Therapeutically, antibiotics are used to treat bacterial infections, such as pneumonia, tuberculosis, and skin infections, by targeting specific biochemical processes essential for microbial survival. | DUKE |
| Anti-cancer | 35610 | An agent that inhibits the growth and proliferation of cancer cells, used to treat and manage various types of cancer, including chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, to reduce tumor size, prevent metastasis, and improve patient survival. | DUKE |
| Anti corpus-luteum | | An antibody detecting ovarian dysfunction by targeting corpus luteum hormone levels, aiding in diagnosing reproductive disorders, and monitoring fertility and menstrual health. | DUKE |
| Anti-encephalitic | 52217 | An agent that combats encephalitis, reducing inflammation and viral replication in the brain. Its therapeutic applications include treating viral encephalitis, such as herpes simplex and Japanese encephalitis, to alleviate symptoms and prevent neurological damage, ultimately improving patient outcomes. | DUKE |
| Anti estrogenic | 35222 | An agent that blocks or reduces estrogen's effects, used to treat hormone-sensitive cancers, such as breast cancer, and manage conditions like endometriosis and uterine fibroids, by inhibiting estrogen's biological role in promoting cell growth. | DUKE |
| Anti feedant | | A substance that inhibits normal feeding behavior, found in certain plants, deterring insects and animals from consuming them. Its therapeutic applications include pest control, while key medical uses involve managing insect-borne diseases and reducing crop damage. | DUKE |
| Anti-fertility | | An agent that inhibits reproduction, playing a biological role in population control. Therapeutically, it's used as a contraceptive, with key medical applications in family planning and birth control, preventing unwanted pregnancies and managing reproductive health. | DUKE |
| Anti-flu | 22587 | An agent that prevents or treats influenza virus infections, reducing symptoms and complications. Its biological role involves blocking viral replication, and its therapeutic applications include prophylaxis and treatment of flu outbreaks. Key medical uses include reducing the risk of flu-related hospitalizations and mortality, especially in high-risk populations such as the elderly and young children. | DUKE |
| Anti-herpetic | 22587 | An agent that inhibits the replication of herpes viruses, reducing symptoms and severity of infections. Therapeutically, it is used to treat herpes simplex (HSV-1 and HSV-2) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infections, commonly used in managing genital herpes, cold sores, and shingles. | DUKE |
| Anti HIV | 22587 | An agent that prevents the replication of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), used to treat and manage HIV infection and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), reducing viral load and slowing disease progression. | DUKE |
| Anti implantation | | An agent that prevents the adherence of the blastocyst to the uterine wall, playing a biological role in regulating fertility. Therapeutically, it is used to prevent pregnancy, with key medical applications in contraception and family planning. | DUKE |
| Anti keratitic | | An agent that prevents or treats corneal inflammation, promoting healing and reducing scarring. Its biological role is to inhibit keratitis, a condition characterized by corneal inflammation. Therapeutically, it is used to manage corneal ulcers, abrasions, and infections, key medical uses include treating eye injuries and infections. | DUKE |
| Anti-malarial | 33281 | An agent that prevents or treats malaria, a disease caused by Plasmodium parasites. It works by targeting the parasite's life cycle, reducing symptoms and preventing transmission. Therapeutically, anti-malarials are used to treat and prevent malaria, as well as to manage related conditions such as babesiosis and toxoplasmosis. | DUKE |
| Anti-oxidant | 22586 | An agent that neutralizes free radicals, reducing oxidative stress and cell damage. Its biological role involves protecting cells from harm, and it has therapeutic applications in managing chronic diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders, with key medical uses including anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, and cardio protective effects. | DUKE |
| Anti plasmodial | 33281 | An agent that inhibits the growth of Plasmodium parasites, reducing malaria symptoms. Therapeutically, it's used to treat and prevent malaria, with key medical applications including prophylaxis and treatment of malaria infections. | DUKE |
| Anti progesterone | 49020 | An agent that blocks the activity of progesterone, a hormone involved in pregnancy and menstrual cycle regulation. Therapeutically, it is used to terminate early pregnancies, manage endometriosis, and treat conditions like uterine fibroids, with key medical applications in gynecology and reproductive health. | DUKE |
| Anti proliferant | | An agent that prevents or inhibits cell growth and division, used therapeutically to treat cancer, manage tumor growth, and prevent restenosis after angioplasty, reducing abnormal cell proliferation. | DUKE |
| Anti rabies | 22587 | An agent that prevents rabies virus infection, used therapeutically to treat bites or exposure, and medically to provide post-exposure prophylaxis, preventing the development of rabies disease. | DUKE |
| Anti-spermatogenic | | An agent that blocks spermatogenesis, inhibiting male fertility. Its biological role is to suppress sperm production. Therapeutically, it has applications in male contraception and treating conditions like benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer. Key medical uses include regulating hormonal imbalances and managing fertility-related issues. | DUKE |
| Anti-stomatitic | | An agent that relieves inflammation of the mucous membrane of the mouth, reducing oral discomfort and pain. Its biological role is to soothe and protect the mucosa, with therapeutic applications in managing mouth ulcers, oral thrush, and other stomatitis-related conditions. Key medical uses include treating oral inflammation, irritation, and infections. | DUKE |
| Anti-testosterone | 35222 | An agent that blocks the activity of testosterone, reducing its effects on the body. Therapeutically, it's used to treat conditions like prostate cancer, acne, and excessive hair growth. Key medical uses include hormone-sensitive cancer treatment, managing polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and gender affirmation therapy for transgender individuals. | DUKE |
| Anti trypanosomic | 33281 | An agent that targets and eliminates trypanosomes, parasites causing diseases like sleeping sickness and Chagas disease. It plays a crucial role in treating and preventing these diseases, with therapeutic applications in tropical medicine and key medical uses in treating parasitic infections. | DUKE |
| Antitumor | 35610 | An agent that inhibits tumor growth and proliferation, playing a crucial role in cancer treatment. Therapeutically, antitumors are used to manage various types of cancer, including chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, helping to reduce tumor size, prevent metastasis, and improve patient outcomes. | DUKE |
| Anti-viral | 22587 | An agent that inhibits the replication of viruses, playing a crucial role in preventing and treating viral infections. Therapeutically, anti-virals are used to manage diseases such as HIV, herpes, and influenza, reducing symptoms and slowing disease progression. Key medical uses include treating viral hepatitis, respiratory syncytial virus, and COVID-19. | DUKE |
| Avicide | 33289 | A bird toxin inhibitor, avicide plays a biological role in controlling bird populations. Therapeutically, it has applications in managing bird-related diseases and pests. Key medical uses include preventing avian-borne illnesses and protecting crops from bird damage, while also being used in research to study bird behavior and ecology. | DUKE |
| Calcium antagonist | 48706 | A medication that blocks calcium ion entry into cells, reducing muscle contraction and vascular resistance. It treats hypertension, angina, and arrhythmias by dilating blood vessels and decreasing cardiac workload, commonly used in managing cardiovascular diseases. | DUKE |
| Contraceptive | 52217 | An agent that prevents pregnancy by inhibiting ovulation, fertilization, or implantation, used to control birth rates, manage menstrual disorders, and reduce the risk of sexually transmitted infections, commonly applied in various forms such as pills, injections, and barrier methods. | DUKE |
| Cytotoxic | 52209 | An agent that kills or damages cells, playing a biological role in immune responses and therapeutic applications in cancer treatment. Key medical uses include chemotherapy, targeting and destroying cancer cells, and treating certain autoimmune diseases by eliminating harmful cells. | DUKE |
| Fungicide | 24127 | An agent that kills or inhibits the growth of fungi, playing a biological role in preventing fungal infections. Therapeutically, it is used to treat fungal diseases, with key medical applications including athlete's foot, ringworm, and candidiasis, as well as agricultural uses to protect crops from fungal damage. | DUKE |
| Hepatotoxic | 50908 | An agent that causes liver damage or toxicity, disrupting normal liver function. It has no therapeutic applications, but is often a side effect of certain medications, such as acetaminophen overdose, and is a key consideration in medical uses, including monitoring liver function during drug therapy. | DUKE |
| Hypokalemic | | A condition characterized by abnormally low potassium levels in the blood, playing a crucial role in muscle and nerve function. Therapeutically, it is managed with potassium supplements. Key medical uses include treating muscle weakness, fatigue, and heart arrhythmias, while also preventing complications in conditions like kidney disease and hormonal imbalances. | DUKE |
| Immunostimulant | 50847 | An agent that stimulates the immune system, enhancing its response to infections and diseases. Therapeutically, it boosts the body's natural defenses, commonly used to treat immunodeficiency disorders, prevent infections, and support cancer treatment, as well as manage chronic conditions like hepatitis and HIV. | DUKE |
| Insectifuge | 24852 | A substance that repels insects, playing a biological role in plant defense. Therapeutically, it has applications in preventing insect-borne diseases. Key medical uses include topical repellents for malaria, dengue fever, and other vector-borne illnesses, reducing the risk of transmission. | DUKE |
| Interferonogenic | | An agent that stimulates interferon production, enhancing immune response to pathogens, with therapeutic applications in treating viral infections and cancers, and key medical uses in immunotherapy and antiviral treatments. | DUKE |
| Larvicide | | An insecticide that targets the larval life stage of insects, preventing their development into adults. Its biological role is to control insect populations, and its therapeutic applications include managing mosquito-borne diseases such as malaria and dengue fever, as well as controlling pest infestations in agriculture and public health. | DUKE |
| Libidolytic | | An agent that reduces or suppresses libido, commonly used in managing hypersexuality, sex addiction, or paraphilic disorders, and sometimes in treating hormonal imbalances or certain psychiatric conditions. | DUKE |
| Mutagenic | | An agent that induces genetic mutations, altering DNA sequences. It plays a biological role in evolution and adaptation. Therapeutically, mutagenic agents are used in cancer treatment, such as chemotherapy, and in gene therapy to introduce beneficial traits. Key medical uses include oncology and genetic research. | DUKE |
| Nematistat | | An agent that disorients, paralyzes, or confuses nematodes, preventing root infestation, with potential therapeutic applications in agriculture and key medical uses in managing parasitic nematode infections. | DUKE |
| Paralytic | | An agent that induces temporary paralysis or muscle relaxation, used therapeutically to facilitate surgical procedures, manage muscle spasms, and treat conditions like tetanus and seizures, by blocking nerve transmission to muscles. | DUKE |
| Pesticide | 25944 | An agent that kills or repels pests, playing a biological role in controlling insect, weed, and fungal populations. Therapeutically, pesticides have limited applications, but some are used to treat ectoparasitic infestations, such as lice and scabies. Key medical uses include topical treatments for head lice and scabies, highlighting their role in managing parasitic infections. | DUKE |
| Prostaglandigenic | | An agent that promotes the production of prostaglandins, which are hormonelike compounds that stimulate uterine contractions, among other effects. Therapeutically, prostaglandigenic agents are used to induce labor, manage postpartum hemorrhage, and treat certain gynecological conditions, showcasing their key role in obstetrics and women's health. | DUKE |
| Prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor | 35222 | An agent that blocks the production of prostaglandins, reducing inflammation and pain. Therapeutically, it's used to treat conditions like arthritis, menstrual cramps, and fever, commonly found in nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). | DUKE |
| Spermicide | | A contraceptive substance that destroys sperm, inserted vaginally prior to intercourse to prevent pregnancy, serving as a non-hormonal birth control method. | DUKE |
| Topoisomerase-II inhibitor | 50750 | An agent that blocks the activity of topoisomerase-II, an enzyme involved in DNA replication. It prevents cancer cell growth by disrupting DNA structure, commonly used in chemotherapy to treat various types of cancer, including leukemia and lymphoma. | DUKE |
| Toxic | 52209 | A substance that can harm or poison living organisms. Biologically, it can disrupt cellular functions and cause damage. Therapeutically, toxins are used in small, controlled doses for applications such as cancer treatment and immunosuppression. Key medical uses include chemotherapy and immunotherapy, where toxins are used to target and destroy diseased cells. | DUKE |
| Tumorigenic | 50903 | An agent or factor that promotes tumor formation and growth, playing a key role in cancer development. Therapeutically, understanding tumorigenic mechanisms informs cancer treatment strategies, with applications in oncology for developing targeted therapies to inhibit tumor growth and progression. | DUKE |
