Record Information
Version1.0
Creation date2010-04-08 22:04:42 UTC
Update date2020-09-17 15:42:10 UTC
Primary IDFDB000753
Secondary Accession NumbersNot Available
Chemical Information
FooDB NameEthanol
DescriptionEthanol, also known as ethyl alcohol or alcohol, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as primary alcohols. Primary alcohols are compounds having a primary alcohol functional group, with the general structure RCOH (R=alkyl, aryl). Ethanol is a clear, colorless liquid rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and distributed throughout the body. It has bactericidal activity and is used often as a topical disinfectant. It is widely used as a solvent and preservative in pharmaceutical preparations as well as serving as the primary ingredient in alcoholic beverages. Indeed, ethanol has widespread use as a solvent of substances intended for human contact or consumption, including scents, flavorings, colorings, and medicines. Ethanol has a depressive effect on the central nervous system and because of its psychoactive effects, it is considered a drug. Ethanol has a complex mode of action and affects multiple systems in the brain, most notably it acts as an agonist to the GABA receptors. Death from ethanol consumption is possible when blood alcohol level reaches 0.4%. A blood level of 0.5% or more is commonly fatal. Levels of even less than 0.1% can cause intoxication, with unconsciousness often occurring at 0.3-0.4 %. Ethanol is metabolized by the body as an energy-providing carbohydrate nutrient, as it metabolizes into acetyl CoA, an intermediate common with glucose metabolism, that can be used for energy in the citric acid cycle or for biosynthesis. Ethanol within the human body is converted into acetaldehyde by alcohol dehydrogenase and then into acetic acid by acetaldehyde dehydrogenase. The product of the first step of this breakdown, acetaldehyde, is more toxic than ethanol. Acetaldehyde is linked to most of the adverse clinical effects of alcohol. Ethanol has been shown to increase the risk of developing cirrhosis of the liver, multiple forms of cancer, and alcoholism. Industrially, ethanol is produced both as a petrochemical, through the hydration of ethylene, and biologically, by fermenting sugars with yeast. Small amounts of ethanol are endogenously produced by gut microflora through anaerobic fermentation. However, most ethanol detected in biofluids and tissues likely comes from consumption of alcoholic beverages. Absolute ethanol or anhydrous alcohol generally refers to purified ethanol, containing no more than one percent water. Absolute alcohol is not intended for human consumption. It often contains trace amounts of toxic benzene (used to remove water by azeotropic distillation). Consumption of this form of ethanol can be fatal over a short time period. Generally absolute or pure ethanol is used as a solvent for lab and industrial settings where water will disrupt a desired reaction. Pure ethanol is classed as 200 proof in the USA and Canada, equivalent to 175 degrees proof in the UK system. Ethanol is a general biomarker for the consumption of alcohol. Ethanol is also a metabolite of Hansenula and Saccharomyces (PMID: 14613880).
CAS Number64-17-5
Structure
Thumb
Synonyms
SynonymSource
1-HydroxyethaneChEBI
[CH2Me(OH)]ChEBI
[OEtH]ChEBI
AlcoholChEBI
Alcohol etilicoChEBI
Alcool ethyliqueChEBI
AlkoholChEBI
AethanolChEBI
AethylalkoholChEBI
C2H5OHChEBI
Dehydrated ethanolChEBI
EtanolChEBI
Ethyl alcoholChEBI
EtOHChEBI
HydroxyethaneChEBI
MethylcarbinolChEBI
Spiritus viniChEBI
Anhydrous ethanolKegg
Absolute alcoholMeSH
Alcohol, absoluteMeSH
Alcohol, grainMeSH
Grain alcoholMeSH
Alcohol, ethylMeSH
Absolute ethanolHMDB
Absolute ethyl alcoholHMDB
Alcare hand degermerHMDB
AlcoholsHMDB
Alcool etilicoHMDB
AlgrainHMDB
Alkoholu etylowegoHMDB
AnhydrolHMDB
Anhydrous alcoholHMDB
Cologne spiritHMDB
Cologne spiritsHMDB
Dehydrated alcoholHMDB
Denatured alcoholHMDB
Denatured ethanolHMDB
Desinfektol elHMDB
Diluted alcoholHMDB
Distilled spiritsHMDB
Ethanol 200 proofHMDB
Ethanol solutionHMDB
EthicapHMDB
Ethyl alcHMDB
Ethyl alcohol anhydrousHMDB
Ethyl alcohol in alcoholic beveragesHMDB
Ethyl alcohol uspHMDB
Ethyl hydrateHMDB
Ethyl hydroxideHMDB
Fermentation alcoholHMDB
HinetolessHMDB
Infinity pureHMDB
JaysolHMDB
Jaysol SHMDB
LuxHMDB
Molasses alcoholHMDB
potato AlcoholHMDB
Punctilious ethyl alcoholHMDB
PyroHMDB
Silent spiritHMDB
SpiritHMDB
Spirits OF wineHMDB
SpirtHMDB
SynasolHMDB
TecsolHMDB
Tecsol CHMDB
ThanolHMDB
Undenatured ethanolHMDB
1-hydroxyethanemanual
Drinking alcoholmanual
Ethylic alcoholmanual
Ethylolmanual
FEMA 2419db_source
Potato alcoholHMDB
Pure alcoholmanual
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility579 g/LALOGPS
logP-0.4ALOGPS
logP-0.16ChemAxon
logS1.1ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)16.47ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-2.2ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count1ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count1ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area20.23 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count0ChemAxon
Refractivity13.01 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability5.3 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings0ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterNoChemAxon
Veber's RuleYesChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Chemical FormulaC2H6O
IUPAC nameethanol
InChI IdentifierInChI=1S/C2H6O/c1-2-3/h3H,2H2,1H3
InChI KeyLFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Isomeric SMILESCCO
Average Molecular Weight46.0684
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight46.041864814
Classification
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as primary alcohols. Primary alcohols are compounds comprising the primary alcohol functional group, with the general structure RCOH (R=alkyl, aryl).
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganic oxygen compounds
ClassOrganooxygen compounds
Sub ClassAlcohols and polyols
Direct ParentPrimary alcohols
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Primary alcohol
  • Aliphatic acyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic acyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effect

Health effect:

Disposition

Route of exposure:

Source:

Biological location:

Process

Naturally occurring process:

Role

Indirect biological role:

Industrial application:

Physico-Chemical Properties
Physico-Chemical Properties - Experimental
PropertyValueReference
Physical stateLiquid
Physical DescriptionNot Available
Mass CompositionC 52.14%; H 13.13%; O 34.73%DFC
Melting PointFp -117.3° (-112.3°)DFC
Boiling PointBp16 4°DFC
Experimental Water Solubility1000 mg/mL at 25 oCRIDDICK,JA et al. (1986)
Experimental logP-0.31HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995)
Experimental pKapKa 15.93 (25°)DFC
Isoelectric pointNot Available
Charge0
Optical RotationNot Available
Spectroscopic UV DataNot Available
Densityd204 0.79DFC
Refractive Indexn20.5D 1.3610DFC
Spectra
Spectra
EI-MS/GC-MS
TypeDescriptionSplash KeyView
EI-MSMass Spectrum (Electron Ionization)splash10-003s-9000000000-dabf5a61c5a7da9fbe132014-09-20View Spectrum
GC-MSEthanol, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrumsplash10-001j-9000000000-a705823ce4aeba7f89e1Spectrum
GC-MSEthanol, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrumsplash10-001j-9000000000-a705823ce4aeba7f89e1Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSEthanol, non-derivatized, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positivesplash10-002b-9000000000-7fa80a491183c1cdd23eSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSEthanol, 1 TMS, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positivesplash10-0fmi-9200000000-587cc3c48ab7fbf9cd3aSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSEthanol, non-derivatized, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSEthanol, non-derivatized, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSEthanol, TBDMS_1_1, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
MS/MS
TypeDescriptionSplash KeyView
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - EI-B (HITACHI RMU-7M) , Positivesplash10-001j-9000000000-a705823ce4aeba7f89e12012-08-31View Spectrum
Predicted MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positivesplash10-0002-9000000000-d75d9996bc68c673f0902015-05-27View Spectrum
Predicted MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positivesplash10-0002-9000000000-893c2599624722912f252015-05-27View Spectrum
Predicted MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positivesplash10-004i-9000000000-8af4124822065023744f2015-05-27View Spectrum
Predicted MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negativesplash10-0002-9000000000-22231ed69c5f28bfed792015-05-27View Spectrum
Predicted MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negativesplash10-0002-9000000000-d2881505c47bbef13f182015-05-27View Spectrum
Predicted MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negativesplash10-0002-9000000000-2ed988bb761ac20ba44a2015-05-27View Spectrum
Predicted MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positivesplash10-0002-9000000000-5c5e98353b75870c1c552021-09-24View Spectrum
Predicted MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positivesplash10-0002-9000000000-326f4f38d260a85ea4692021-09-24View Spectrum
Predicted MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positivesplash10-002b-9000000000-f850ab2a079485c4a2762021-09-24View Spectrum
Predicted MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negativesplash10-0002-9000000000-b6602db69e5662ad67a92021-09-24View Spectrum
Predicted MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negativesplash10-0002-9000000000-b6602db69e5662ad67a92021-09-24View Spectrum
Predicted MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negativesplash10-0002-9000000000-4d0d1c69f8440a7fda182021-09-24View Spectrum
NMR
TypeDescriptionView
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, H2O, experimental)Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 125 MHz, H2O, experimental)Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 90 MHz, CDCl3, experimental)Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 25.16 MHz, CDCl3, experimental)Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, D2O, experimental)Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, D2O, experimental)Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted)Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted)Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted)Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted)Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted)Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted)Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted)Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted)Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted)Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted)Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted)Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted)Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted)Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted)Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted)Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted)Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted)Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted)Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted)Spectrum
2D NMR[1H, 1H]-TOCSY. Unexported temporarily by An Chi on Oct 15, 2021 until json or nmrML file is generated. 2D NMR Spectrum (experimental)Spectrum
2D NMR[1H, 13C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, H2O, experimental)Spectrum
ChemSpider ID682
ChEMBL IDCHEMBL545
KEGG Compound IDC00469
Pubchem Compound ID702
Pubchem Substance IDNot Available
ChEBI ID16236
Phenol-Explorer IDNot Available
DrugBank IDDB00898
HMDB IDHMDB00108
CRC / DFC (Dictionary of Food Compounds) IDBGT97-X:BGT97-X
EAFUS ID1148
Dr. Duke IDETHANOL|ETHYL-ALCOHOL
BIGG ID35062
KNApSAcK IDC00019560
HET IDEOH
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
Flavornet ID64-17-5
GoodScent IDrw1000511
SuperScent IDNot Available
Wikipedia IDEthanol
Phenol-Explorer Metabolite IDNot Available
Duplicate IDSNot Available
Old DFC IDSNot Available
Associated Foods
FoodContent Range AverageReference
FoodReference
Biological Effects and Interactions
Health Effects / Bioactivities
DescriptorIDDefinitionReference
Allergenic50904 A substance that triggers an immune response, causing allergic reactions. Its biological role is to stimulate the immune system, but it has no therapeutic applications. Key medical uses include diagnosing allergies and developing immunotherapies to desensitize patients to specific allergens, reducing the risk of severe reactions.DUKE
AnestheticA drug that induces a reversible loss of sensation, used to prevent pain and discomfort during medical procedures, surgeries, and diagnostic tests, promoting patient comfort and facilitating treatment.DUKE
AnhydroticAn agent that suppresses sweating, used to treat hyperhidrosis. It reduces sweat gland activity, often applied in managing excessive sweating disorders and conditions like anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, where sweat glands are absent or underdeveloped.DUKE
Anti-atherosclerotic38070 An agent that prevents or slows the formation of atherosclerosis, a condition characterized by plaque buildup in arteries. It reduces inflammation, improves lipid profiles, and inhibits platelet aggregation, commonly used to manage cardiovascular diseases, such as coronary artery disease, and prevent heart attacks and strokes.DUKE
Anti bacterial33282 An agent that inhibits the growth of or destroys bacteria, playing a crucial role in preventing and treating infections. Therapeutically, it is used to combat bacterial infections, with key medical applications including treating pneumonia, tuberculosis, and skin infections, as well as preventing surgical site infections and sepsis.DUKE
Anti pruritic50177 An agent that relieves itching sensations, reducing scratching and discomfort. It plays a biological role in inhibiting histamine release and nerve signal transmission. Therapeutically, it's used to manage itching associated with allergies, eczema, and skin irritations, providing relief and preventing further skin damage.DUKE
Anti septic33281 An agent that prevents or reduces the growth of microorganisms, such as bacteria, fungi, or viruses, to promote wound healing and prevent infection. Therapeutically, anti septics are used to treat minor cuts, scrapes, and burns, and are commonly applied topically to reduce the risk of infection and promote tissue repair. Key medical uses include wound care, surgical site preparation, and skin infection management.DUKE
Central nervous system depressant35470 An agent that slows brain activity, reducing anxiety, stress, and excitability. Therapeutically, it's used to manage insomnia, seizures, and anxiety disorders, promoting relaxation and sedation. Key medical uses include treating insomnia, epilepsy, and panic disorders, as well as inducing anesthesia.DUKE
Expectorant52217 An agent that thins and loosens mucus, making it easier to cough up, reducing congestion. It aids in clearing respiratory tract secretions, commonly used to relieve coughs, colds, and bronchitis, promoting easier breathing and soothing irritated airways.DUKE
Hepatotoxic50908 An agent that causes liver damage or toxicity, disrupting normal liver function. It has no therapeutic applications, but is often a side effect of certain medications, such as acetaminophen overdose, and is a key consideration in medical uses, including monitoring liver function during drug therapy.DUKE
HypertensiveAn agent that increases blood pressure, used therapeutically to treat hypotension (low blood pressure) and shock, and medically to manage conditions such as orthostatic hypotension and postural hypotension.DUKE
HypnoticAn agent that induces sleep, used to treat insomnia and facilitate surgical anesthesia, playing a key role in regulating sleep patterns and providing therapeutic relief for sleep disorders.DUKE
HypocalcemicAn agent or condition characterized by low serum calcium levels, playing a role in muscle and nerve function. Therapeutically, hypocalcemic agents are used to treat conditions such as hypercalcemia and hyperparathyroidism, and have applications in managing osteoporosis and calcium-related disorders.DUKE
HypotensiveAn agent that lowers blood pressure, playing a biological role in regulating cardiovascular function. Therapeutically, it's used to manage hypertension, heart failure, and angina, with key medical applications in preventing stroke, kidney disease, and cardiac complications.DUKE
MucotropicAn agent that increases respiratory tract fluid production, aiding in mucociliary clearance. It has therapeutic applications in managing respiratory conditions, such as chronic bronchitis and asthma, by loosening and clearing mucus, thereby improving lung function.DUKE
NeurolyticAn agent that causes disintegration of nerve tissue, used to relieve chronic pain by interrupting pain signals to the brain, commonly used in managing cancer pain, trigeminal neuralgia, and other intractable pain conditions.DUKE
Pesticide25944 An agent that kills or repels pests, playing a biological role in controlling insect, weed, and fungal populations. Therapeutically, pesticides have limited applications, but some are used to treat ectoparasitic infestations, such as lice and scabies. Key medical uses include topical treatments for head lice and scabies, highlighting their role in managing parasitic infections.DUKE
RubefacientA topical agent that causes skin redness by dilating capillaries and increasing blood circulation, used therapeutically to relieve pain, reduce inflammation, and promote healing in conditions such as arthritis and muscle strain.DUKE
SclerosantAn injectable irritant that induces inflammation and fibrosis, used to treat varicose veins by obliterating the vein lumen, thereby eliminating abnormal blood flow.DUKE
Surfactant35195 A substance that reduces surface tension, playing a crucial biological role in lung function by facilitating breathing. Therapeutically, it is used to treat respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants. Key medical uses include enhancing lung expansion, improving gas exchange, and preventing alveolar collapse, ultimately reducing the risk of respiratory failure.DUKE
Teratogenic50905 An agent that causes abnormal fetal development, disrupting embryonic growth and leading to birth defects. Its biological role is associated with developmental toxicity, and it has no therapeutic applications. Key medical uses include serving as a warning for substances that pose risks during pregnancy, guiding prenatal care and medication management to prevent birth defects.DUKE
TremorilyticAn agent that suppresses tremors, involuntary muscle contractions, playing a biological role in regulating motor function. Therapeutically, it is used to manage movement disorders, with key medical applications in treating essential tremor, Parkinson's disease, and other conditions characterized by involuntary muscle movements.DUKE
UlcerogenicAn agent that causes the production of ulcers, often used to study gastrointestinal disease mechanisms. Its biological role involves disrupting mucosal defense, leading to ulcer formation. Therapeutically, understanding ulcerogenic agents informs the development of anti-ulcer medications. Key medical uses include researching gastric ulcer pathogenesis and testing potential treatments for ulcer prevention and healing.DUKE
Neurotoxic50910 A substance that damages or destroys nerve cells, disrupting normal brain function. It has no therapeutic applications, but is used in research to study neurodegenerative diseases. Key medical uses include understanding and developing treatments for conditions like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, where neurotoxicity plays a role.CHEBI
Enzymes
NameGene NameUniProt ID
Serum paraoxonase/lactonase 3PON3Q15166
Serum paraoxonase/arylesterase 1PON1P27169
Serum paraoxonase/arylesterase 2PON2Q15165
Lysosomal acid phosphataseACP2P11117
Sulfotransferase family cytosolic 2B member 1SULT2B1O00204
Alcohol dehydrogenase [NADP(+)]AKR1A1P14550
3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferaseMPSTP25325
Beta-glucuronidaseGUSBP08236
Plasma alpha-L-fucosidaseFUCA2Q9BTY2
Lecithin retinol acyltransferaseLRATO95237
Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 3NR1I3Q14994
Fatty acyl-CoA reductase 2FAR2Q96K12
Acyl-CoA wax alcohol acyltransferase 2AWAT2Q6E213
Testicular acid phosphataseACPTQ9BZG2
Carboxylesterase 5ACES5AQ6NT32
Acid phosphatase-like protein 2ACPL2Q8TE99
Synaptic vesicle membrane protein VAT-1 homolog-likeVAT1LQ9HCJ6
Quinone oxidoreductase PIG3TP53I3Q53FA7
Synaptic vesicle membrane protein VAT-1 homologVAT1Q99536
Pathways
NameSMPDB LinkKEGG Link
Ethanol DegradationSMP00449 Not Available
MetabolismNot Available
BiosynthesisNot Available
Organoleptic Properties
Flavours
FlavorCitations
sweet
  1. Arn, H, Acree TE. “Flavornet: A database of aroma compounds based on odor potency in natural products”. Developments in Food Science 40 (1998): 27. doi:10.1016/S0167-4501(98)80029-0
strong
  1. The Good Scents Company (2009). Flavor and fragrance information catalog. <http://www.thegoodscentscompany.com/allprod.html> Accessed 15.10.23.
alcoholic
  1. The Good Scents Company (2009). Flavor and fragrance information catalog. <http://www.thegoodscentscompany.com/allprod.html> Accessed 15.10.23.
ethereal
  1. The Good Scents Company (2009). Flavor and fragrance information catalog. <http://www.thegoodscentscompany.com/allprod.html> Accessed 15.10.23.
medical
  1. The Good Scents Company (2009). Flavor and fragrance information catalog. <http://www.thegoodscentscompany.com/allprod.html> Accessed 15.10.23.
Files
MSDSshow
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
General ReferenceNot Available
Content Reference— Saxholt, E., et al. 'Danish food composition databank, revision 7.' Department of Nutrition, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark (2008).
— U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. 2008. USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, Release 21. Nutrient Data Laboratory Home Page.
— Duke, James. 'Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases. United States Department of Agriculture.' Agricultural Research Service, Accessed April 27 (2004).
— Shinbo, Y., et al. 'KNApSAcK: a comprehensive species-metabolite relationship database.' Plant Metabolomics. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. 165-181.