Showing Compound Gentisic acid (FDB000844)

Record Information

Version

1.0

Creation date

2010-04-08 22:04:44 UTC

Update date

2025-11-18 22:24:42 UTC

Primary ID

FDB000844

Secondary Accession Numbers

Not Available

Chemical Information

FooDB Name

Gentisic acid

Description

Gentisic acid, also known as gentisate or 2,5-dioxybenzoate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives. Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives are compounds containing a hydroxybenzoic acid (or a derivative), which is a benzene ring bearing a carboxyl and a hydroxyl groups. A dihydroxybenzoic acid having the two hydroxy groups at the 2- and 5-positions. Gentisic acid is an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). Gentisic acid exists in all living organisms, ranging from bacteria to humans. Outside of the human body, Gentisic acid is found, on average, in the highest concentration within a few different foods, such as tarragons, common thymes, and common sages and in a lower concentration in lemon balms, parsley, and soy beans. Gentisic acid has also been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as garden tomato (var.), cocoa beans, spearmints, common pea, and carrots. This could make gentisic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods.

CAS Number

490-79-9

Structure

MOL SDF PDB SMILES InChI

Synonyms

Synonym	Source
2,5-Dihydroxybenzoate	ChEBI
5-Hydroxysalicylic acid	ChEBI
Gentisate	ChEBI
Hydroquinonecarboxylic acid	ChEBI
2,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid	Kegg
5-Hydroxysalicylate	Generator
Hydroquinonecarboxylate	Generator
2,5-Dioxybenzoate	HMDB
2,5-Dioxybenzoic acid	HMDB
3,6-Dihydroxybenzoate	HMDB
3,6-Dihydroxybenzoic acid	HMDB
5-Hydroxy-salicylate	HMDB
5-Hydroxy-salicylic acid	HMDB
Carboxyhydroquinone	HMDB
Dihydroxybenzoicacid	HMDB
Gensigen	HMDB
Gensigon	HMDB
Gentisinate	HMDB
Gentisinic acid	HMDB
2,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid, monosodium salt	HMDB
Lithium 2,5-dihydroxybenzoate	HMDB
Gentisic acid	ChEBI
Hydroquinone carboxylic acid	HMDB
Gentisic acid, 8CI, INN	db_source
Hydroxyquinonecarboxylic acid	db_source

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
Water Solubility	12.3 g/L	ALOGPS
logP	1.23	ALOGPS
logP	1.67	ChemAxon
logS	-1.1	ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)	2.53	ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)	-5.9	ChemAxon
Physiological Charge	-1	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	4	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	3	ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area	77.76 Å²	ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count	1	ChemAxon
Refractivity	37.28 m³·mol⁻¹	ChemAxon
Polarizability	13.78 Å³	ChemAxon
Number of Rings	1	ChemAxon
Bioavailability	Yes	ChemAxon
Rule of Five	Yes	ChemAxon
Ghose Filter	No	ChemAxon
Veber's Rule	No	ChemAxon
MDDR-like Rule	No	ChemAxon

Chemical Formula

C7H6O4

IUPAC name

2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid

InChI Identifier

InChI=1S/C7H6O4/c8-4-1-2-6(9)5(3-4)7(10)11/h1-3,8-9H,(H,10,11)

InChI Key

WXTMDXOMEHJXQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Isomeric SMILES

OC(=O)C1=C(O)C=CC(O)=C1

Average Molecular Weight

154.121

Monoisotopic Molecular Weight

154.026608673

Classification

Description

Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives. Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives are compounds containing a hydroxybenzoic acid (or a derivative), which is a benzene ring bearing a carboxyl and a hydroxyl groups.

Kingdom

Organic compounds

Super Class

Benzenoids

Class

Benzene and substituted derivatives

Sub Class

Benzoic acids and derivatives

Direct Parent

Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives

Alternative Parents

Substituents

Dihydroxybenzoic acid
Salicylic acid
Salicylic acid or derivatives
Hydroxybenzoic acid
Benzoic acid
Benzoyl
Hydroquinone
1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid
Phenol
Vinylogous acid
Carboxylic acid derivative
Carboxylic acid
Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
Organic oxygen compound
Hydrocarbon derivative
Organooxygen compound
Organic oxide
Aromatic homomonocyclic compound

Molecular Framework

Aromatic homomonocyclic compounds

External Descriptors

dihydroxybenzoic acid (CHEBI:17189 )

Ontology

Physiological effect

Health effect:

Health condition:

Idiopathic oro-facial pain

Disposition

Route of exposure:

Enteral:

Ingestion

Source:

Biological:

Plant:

Fungi

Biological location:

Subcellular:

Cytoplasm

Biofluid and excreta:

Physico-Chemical Properties

Physico-Chemical Properties - Experimental

Property	Value	Reference
Physical state	Solid
Physical Description	Not Available
Mass Composition	C 54.55%; H 3.92%; O 41.52%	DFC
Melting Point	Not Available
Boiling Point	Not Available
Experimental Water Solubility	Not Available
Experimental logP	Not Available
Experimental pKa	Not Available
Isoelectric point	Not Available
Charge	Not Available
Optical Rotation	Not Available
Spectroscopic UV Data	Not Available
Density	Not Available
Refractive Index	Not Available

Spectra

EI-MS/GC-MS

Type	Description	Splash Key	View
EI-MS	Mass Spectrum (Electron Ionization)	splash10-0f79-7900000000-4ac54ba9a72c8707055d	2015-03-01	View Spectrum
GC-MS	Gentisic acid, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-0a4i-0849000000-d6f7b541cabdb5e20dd6	Spectrum
GC-MS	Gentisic acid, 3 TMS, GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-0a4i-3955000000-215d684d2fae395f2e76	Spectrum
GC-MS	Gentisic acid, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-03di-2009080030-be174b5f8728c96650e7	Spectrum
GC-MS	Gentisic acid, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-0a4i-0229000000-a4712abe7c7db86a97be	Spectrum
GC-MS	Gentisic acid, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-0a4i-0849000000-d6f7b541cabdb5e20dd6	Spectrum
GC-MS	Gentisic acid, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-0a4i-3955000000-215d684d2fae395f2e76	Spectrum
GC-MS	Gentisic acid, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-0a4i-1946000000-be25f693c540abb01bde	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Gentisic acid, non-derivatized, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive	splash10-114r-2900000000-c5a4c512f555f4ebce47	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Gentisic acid, 3 TMS, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive	splash10-008a-5092000000-1b91af6751ccb58c613c	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Gentisic acid, non-derivatized, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Gentisic acid, TMS_1_1, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Gentisic acid, TMS_1_2, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Gentisic acid, TMS_1_3, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Gentisic acid, TMS_2_1, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Gentisic acid, TMS_2_2, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Gentisic acid, TMS_2_3, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Gentisic acid, TBDMS_1_1, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Gentisic acid, TBDMS_1_2, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Gentisic acid, TBDMS_1_3, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Gentisic acid, TBDMS_2_1, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Gentisic acid, TBDMS_2_2, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Gentisic acid, TBDMS_2_3, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Gentisic acid, TBDMS_3_1, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum

MS/MS

Type	Description	Splash Key	View
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 10V, Negative (Annotated)	splash10-0zfr-0900000000-816a84a65cefa1b31731	2012-07-24	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 25V, Negative (Annotated)	splash10-0a4i-1900000000-977e85749e8fa31315c5	2012-07-24	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 40V, Negative (Annotated)	splash10-0a4i-1900000000-086d66fbe2d41a2d725c	2012-07-24	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 10V, Negative	splash10-0udi-0900000000-e3a62163a69461ab2cff	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 20V, Negative	splash10-0a4i-0900000000-06431a9cf0c877732fe5	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 30V, Negative	splash10-0a4i-0900000000-e938fddf26a9bb2cd9e3	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 40V, Negative	splash10-0a4i-0900000000-38ef6d9660431bec9b3b	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 50V, Negative	splash10-0a4i-0900000000-ac95d834c95477f325a7	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - MALDI-TOF (Voyager DE-PRO, Applied Biosystems) , Positive	splash10-004r-1913000000-eba82100caa3c2664508	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - MALDI-TOF (Voyager DE-PRO, Applied Biosystems) , Negative	splash10-0udi-0902000000-6cc114aa94b58c53c123	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - MALDI-TOF (Voyager DE-PRO, Applied Biosystems) , Positive	splash10-0k9i-0930000000-4388abc8fe86bc940e89	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - MALDI-TOF (Voyager DE-PRO, Applied Biosystems) , Negative	splash10-0udi-0901000000-077381dba9d80706a097	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - MALDI-TOF (Voyager DE-PRO, Applied Biosystems) , Positive	splash10-0fri-0930000000-4e24b1261f33fba704e2	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF (UPLC Q-Tof Premier, Waters) , Positive	splash10-000b-9800000000-35424c6ac43370b30b89	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF (UPLC Q-Tof Premier, Waters) , Negative	splash10-0a4i-0900000000-56fe39ec90c2e54662db	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - ESI-TOF , Negative	splash10-0pdi-0439000000-d097f2b9a5189bc4bb0f	2017-08-14	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - ESI-TOF 10V, Negative	splash10-0pdi-0439000000-d097f2b9a5189bc4bb0f	2017-08-14	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - ESI-TOF , Negative	splash10-0pdi-0439000000-d097f2b9a5189bc4bb0f	2017-09-12	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - ESI-TOF 10V, Negative	splash10-0a4i-0900000000-ddf5ec6162fb4b835c3a	2017-09-12	View Spectrum
Predicted MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive	splash10-0a4i-0900000000-0fe66ae910e6a6a75fd0	2017-06-28	View Spectrum
Predicted MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive	splash10-0a4r-0900000000-92d150f8439f22e9e2bb	2017-06-28	View Spectrum
Predicted MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive	splash10-0a7i-9400000000-b1783532af734cb7e8c4	2017-06-28	View Spectrum
Predicted MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative	splash10-0zfr-0900000000-64a4c14f26bc9fcf8dfa	2017-06-28	View Spectrum
Predicted MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative	splash10-0a4i-0900000000-acfcb8c4421ee8a0c31c	2017-06-28	View Spectrum
Predicted MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative	splash10-0a4i-4900000000-dd5469400fff82ccc358	2017-06-28	View Spectrum

NMR

Type	Description	View
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, H₂O, experimental)	Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 90 MHz, D₂O, experimental)	Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 25.16 MHz, D₂O, experimental)	Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Spectrum
2D NMR	[¹H, ¹³C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, H₂O, experimental)	Spectrum

External Links

ChemSpider ID

ChEMBL ID

KEGG Compound ID

Pubchem Compound ID

Pubchem Substance ID

Not Available

ChEBI ID

Not Available

Phenol-Explorer ID

416

DrugBank ID

Not Available

HMDB ID

HMDB00152

CRC / DFC (Dictionary of Food Compounds) ID

BJR95-G:BJR95-G

EAFUS ID

Not Available

Dr. Duke ID

2,5-DIHYDROXYBENZOIC-ACID|GENTISIC-ACID

BIGG ID

Not Available

KNApSAcK ID

C00002648

HET ID

GTQ

Food Biomarker Ontology

Not Available

VMH ID

Not Available

Flavornet ID

Not Available

GoodScent ID

Not Available

SuperScent ID

Not Available

Wikipedia ID

Gentisic_acid

Phenol-Explorer Metabolite ID

416

Duplicate IDS

Not Available

Old DFC IDS

Not Available

Associated Foods

Food	Content Range	Average	Reference
Food			Reference

Biological Effects and Interactions

Health Effects / Bioactivities

Descriptor	ID	Definition	Reference
Analgesic	35480	An agent that relieves pain by reducing or blocking pain signals in the brain, commonly used to manage acute or chronic pain, inflammation, and fever, with therapeutic applications in surgery, injury, and disease treatment.	DUKE
Anti bacterial	33282	An agent that inhibits the growth of or destroys bacteria, playing a crucial role in preventing and treating infections. Therapeutically, it is used to combat bacterial infections, with key medical applications including treating pneumonia, tuberculosis, and skin infections, as well as preventing surgical site infections and sepsis.	DUKE
Anti feedant		A substance that inhibits normal feeding behavior, found in certain plants, deterring insects and animals from consuming them. Its therapeutic applications include pest control, while key medical uses involve managing insect-borne diseases and reducing crop damage.	DUKE
Anti-inflammatory	35472	An agent that reduces inflammation, playing a biological role in suppressing immune responses and therapeutic applications in managing pain, swelling, and redness. Key medical uses include treating arthritis, allergies, and autoimmune disorders, as well as relieving symptoms of conditions such as asthma and dermatitis.	DUKE
Anti-oxidant	22586	An agent that neutralizes free radicals, reducing oxidative stress and cell damage. Its biological role involves protecting cells from harm, and it has therapeutic applications in managing chronic diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders, with key medical uses including anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, and cardio protective effects.	DUKE
Anti-rheumatic	52217	An agent that reduces inflammation and alleviates symptoms of rheumatic diseases, such as arthritis. It plays a biological role in modulating the immune system and inhibiting pro-inflammatory pathways. Therapeutically, anti-rheumatics are used to manage conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and osteoarthritis, reducing pain, swelling, and joint damage. Key medical uses include slowing disease progression and improving quality of life for patients with chronic rheumatic conditions.	DUKE
Anti-viral	22587	An agent that inhibits the replication of viruses, playing a crucial role in preventing and treating viral infections. Therapeutically, anti-virals are used to manage diseases such as HIV, herpes, and influenza, reducing symptoms and slowing disease progression. Key medical uses include treating viral hepatitis, respiratory syncytial virus, and COVID-19.	DUKE
Pesticide	25944	An agent that kills or repels pests, playing a biological role in controlling insect, weed, and fungal populations. Therapeutically, pesticides have limited applications, but some are used to treat ectoparasitic infestations, such as lice and scabies. Key medical uses include topical treatments for head lice and scabies, highlighting their role in managing parasitic infections.	DUKE