| Health Effects / Bioactivities | | Descriptor | ID | Definition | Reference |
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| Amphitensive | | A vasodilator that lowers blood pressure by relaxing blood vessels, while also increasing cardiac output. Its biological role involves improving blood flow and reducing vascular resistance. Therapeutically, it has applications in managing hypertension, heart failure, and angina. Key medical uses include treating cardiovascular diseases and improving exercise tolerance in patients with cardiac conditions. | DUKE | | Analgesic | 35480 | An agent that relieves pain by reducing or blocking pain signals in the brain, commonly used to manage acute or chronic pain, inflammation, and fever, with therapeutic applications in surgery, injury, and disease treatment. | DUKE | | Anti 5-hydroxytryptamine | 48279 | An agent that blocks the activity of serotonin (5-HT), reducing its effects on various bodily functions. It has therapeutic applications in managing conditions like nausea, vomiting, and migraine headaches, and is commonly used to treat serotonin-related disorders, such as carcinoid syndrome and serotonin syndrome. | DUKE | | Anti-aggregant | | An agent that prevents platelet aggregation, reducing blood clot formation. Its biological role is to inhibit platelet activation, and its therapeutic applications include preventing thrombosis and stroke. Key medical uses include treating cardiovascular diseases, such as myocardial infarction and atrial fibrillation, and managing conditions that increase the risk of blood clots. | DUKE | | Anti-allergic | 50857 | An agent that reduces or blocks allergic reactions, commonly used to manage symptoms of allergies, such as itching, sneezing, and inflammation, by inhibiting the release of histamine and other chemical mediators, providing relief in conditions like hay fever, asthma, and skin allergies. | DUKE | | Anti emetic | 50919 | An agent that prevents or alleviates nausea and vomiting, playing a crucial role in managing chemotherapy-induced, motion-induced, and post-operative nausea. Therapeutically, it helps reduce discomfort and prevent dehydration, commonly used in oncology, gastroenterology, and anesthesia. | DUKE | | Anti hepatotoxic | 62868 | An agent that protects the liver from damage, reducing toxicity and promoting liver health. It plays a biological role in preventing liver injury and supporting liver function. Therapeutically, it is used to treat liver diseases, such as hepatitis and cirrhosis, and to counteract liver-damaging effects of certain medications and toxins. | DUKE | | Anti histaminic | 37956 | An agent that blocks histamine receptors, reducing allergic symptoms. Therapeutically, it alleviates itching, sneezing, and runny nose, commonly used in managing allergies, itching, and hives, as well as treating conditions like anaphylaxis and allergic rhinitis. | DUKE | | Anti-inflammatory | 35472 | An agent that reduces inflammation, playing a biological role in suppressing immune responses and therapeutic applications in managing pain, swelling, and redness. Key medical uses include treating arthritis, allergies, and autoimmune disorders, as well as relieving symptoms of conditions such as asthma and dermatitis. | DUKE | | Anti-oxidant | 22586 | An agent that neutralizes free radicals, reducing oxidative stress and cell damage. Its biological role involves protecting cells from harm, and it has therapeutic applications in managing chronic diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders, with key medical uses including anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, and cardio protective effects. | DUKE | | Anti prostaglandin | 49020 | An agent that inhibits prostaglandin production, reducing inflammation and pain. Therapeutically, it's used to treat conditions like arthritis, menstrual cramps, and post-surgical pain, by blocking prostaglandin-mediated responses, providing relief from inflammation and discomfort. | DUKE | | Anti pyretic | 35493 | An agent that reduces fever, commonly used to relieve headache, pain, and discomfort associated with elevated body temperature, and to manage fever in various medical conditions, such as infections and inflammatory diseases. | DUKE | | Anti schistosomiac | 33281 | An agent that treats schistosomiasis, a parasitic disease caused by Schistosoma worms. It kills or inhibits the growth of these parasites, reducing symptoms and preventing complications. Therapeutically, it is used to manage and prevent schistosomiasis, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions where the disease is prevalent. | DUKE | | Anti septic | 33281 | An agent that prevents or reduces the growth of microorganisms, such as bacteria, fungi, or viruses, to promote wound healing and prevent infection. Therapeutically, anti septics are used to treat minor cuts, scrapes, and burns, and are commonly applied topically to reduce the risk of infection and promote tissue repair. Key medical uses include wound care, surgical site preparation, and skin infection management. | DUKE | | Anti seratogenic | | An agent that inhibits serotonin production or activity, reducing its effects on the body. It plays a role in regulating mood, appetite, and sleep. Therapeutically, anti seratogenic agents are used to treat conditions like serotonin syndrome, migraine, and anxiety disorders, as well as manage side effects of certain medications. | DUKE | | Anti thromboxane | 35222 | An agent that inhibits thromboxane A2, reducing platelet aggregation and blood clot formation. Therapeutically, it prevents thrombosis and is used to manage conditions like coronary artery disease, stroke, and myocardial infarction, as well as to prevent blood clots during surgeries. | DUKE | | Anti-tussive | 52217 | An agent that suppresses coughing, reducing the frequency and severity of coughs. It works by targeting the brain's cough center, providing therapeutic relief for dry, irritating coughs. Key medical uses include managing coughs associated with colds, flu, and other respiratory conditions. | DUKE | | Anti ulcer | 49201 | An agent that reduces stomach acid and protects the mucous lining, preventing ulcer formation. It is used to treat conditions like gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), peptic ulcers, and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, promoting healing and relieving symptoms. | DUKE | | Cancer preventive | 35610 | An agent that inhibits the development and progression of cancer, reducing tumor formation and growth. It plays a biological role in blocking carcinogenic pathways, and has therapeutic applications in chemoprevention. Key medical uses include reducing the risk of cancer in high-risk individuals and preventing cancer recurrence. | DUKE | | Cardiodepressant | 38070 | An agent that slows heart rate and reduces cardiac contractility, used to manage conditions like hypertension, angina, and arrhythmias, reducing the heart's workload and oxygen demand. | DUKE | | Cardiotonic | 38070 | An agent that strengthens heart muscle contractions, enhancing cardiac output. It plays a biological role in regulating heart function and is therapeutically used to treat heart failure, improving symptoms and exercise tolerance. Key medical uses include managing cardiomyopathy, atrial fibrillation, and congestive heart failure. | DUKE | | Cholagogue | | An agent that stimulates the release of bile from the gallbladder, promoting digestion and relieving bile duct issues. Therapeutically, it aids in treating gallstones, jaundice, and liver disorders, while also supporting digestive health. | DUKE | | Cyclooxygenase inhibitor | 35544 | An agent that blocks the activity of cyclooxygenase enzymes, reducing inflammation and pain. Therapeutically, it is used to treat conditions such as arthritis, headaches, and menstrual cramps, by decreasing prostaglandin production, a key mediator of inflammation. | DUKE | | Depressor | | A muscle or nerve that lowers the position of a body part or blood pressure upon contraction or stimulation, playing a role in regulating movement and circulation, with therapeutic applications in managing conditions like hypertension and orthostatic hypotension. | DUKE | | Fungicide | 24127 | An agent that kills or inhibits the growth of fungi, playing a biological role in preventing fungal infections. Therapeutically, it is used to treat fungal diseases, with key medical applications including athlete's foot, ringworm, and candidiasis, as well as agricultural uses to protect crops from fungal damage. | DUKE | | Gastrostimulant | 55324 | An agent that stimulates digestive motility, increasing gastrointestinal movement and secretion. It enhances gut function, relieving symptoms of gastroparesis, constipation, and other motility disorders, commonly used in managing conditions like diabetes-related gastroparesis and postoperative ileus. | DUKE | | Hepatoprotective | 62868 | An agent that protects the liver from damage, promoting liver health and function. It plays a biological role in reducing oxidative stress and inflammation, and has therapeutic applications in managing liver diseases, such as hepatitis and cirrhosis, and key medical uses in treating drug-induced liver injury and toxicities. | DUKE | | Hypertensive | | An agent that increases blood pressure, used therapeutically to treat hypotension (low blood pressure) and shock, and medically to manage conditions such as orthostatic hypotension and postural hypotension. | DUKE | | Hypotensive | | An agent that lowers blood pressure, playing a biological role in regulating cardiovascular function. Therapeutically, it's used to manage hypertension, heart failure, and angina, with key medical applications in preventing stroke, kidney disease, and cardiac complications. | DUKE | | Inotropic | | An agent that alters the force or energy of muscular contractions, particularly in the heart. It has therapeutic applications in treating heart failure and cardiogenic shock. Positively inotropic agents, such as digoxin, increase contraction strength, while negatively inotropic agents, like beta blockers, weaken it, commonly used to manage arrhythmias and hypertension. | DUKE | | Larvicide | | An insecticide that targets the larval life stage of insects, preventing their development into adults. Its biological role is to control insect populations, and its therapeutic applications include managing mosquito-borne diseases such as malaria and dengue fever, as well as controlling pest infestations in agriculture and public health. | DUKE | | Molluscicide | 33904 | An agent that kills mollusks, particularly snails and slugs, playing a key role in controlling vectors of parasitic diseases. Therapeutically, it is used to prevent the spread of schistosomiasis and other snail-borne diseases, with medical applications in public health and epidemiology. | DUKE | | Mutagenic | | An agent that induces genetic mutations, altering DNA sequences. It plays a biological role in evolution and adaptation. Therapeutically, mutagenic agents are used in cancer treatment, such as chemotherapy, and in gene therapy to introduce beneficial traits. Key medical uses include oncology and genetic research. | DUKE | | Nematicide | 25491 | An agent that kills nematodes, a type of parasitic worm, used to control infestations in crops and animals, with therapeutic applications in veterinary medicine to treat parasitic infections and promote livestock health. | DUKE | | Pesticide | 25944 | An agent that kills or repels pests, playing a biological role in controlling insect, weed, and fungal populations. Therapeutically, pesticides have limited applications, but some are used to treat ectoparasitic infestations, such as lice and scabies. Key medical uses include topical treatments for head lice and scabies, highlighting their role in managing parasitic infections. | DUKE | | Prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor | 35222 | An agent that blocks the production of prostaglandins, reducing inflammation and pain. Therapeutically, it's used to treat conditions like arthritis, menstrual cramps, and fever, commonly found in nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). | DUKE | | Sedative | 35717 | An agent that calms nervous activity, reducing anxiety and inducing relaxation. Its biological role is to slow down brain function, promoting sleep and relieving stress. Therapeutically, sedatives are used to manage insomnia, anxiety disorders, and seizures, as well as to prepare patients for medical procedures. | DUKE | | Thermogenic | | An agent that increases heat production through metabolic stimulation, used to enhance weight loss, improve insulin sensitivity, and treat conditions like hypothyroidism and obesity, by stimulating metabolism and energy expenditure. | DUKE |
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