1.02010-04-08 22:04:51 UTC2019-11-26 02:56:00 UTCFDB001141InulinPresent in Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) and in other members of Compositae
About 30?40% of people in Central Europe suffer from fructose malabsorption. Since inulin is a fructan, excess dietary intake may lead to minor side effects such as increased flatulence and loosened bowel motions in those with fructose malabsorption. It is recommended that fructan intake for people with fructose malabsorption be kept to less than 0.5 grams/serving.; For both inulin and creatinine, the calculations involve concentrations in the urine and in the serum. However, unlike creatinine, inulin is not naturally present in the body. This is an advantage of inulin (because the amount infused will be known) and a disadvantage (because an infusion is necessary.); Inulin is increasingly used in processed foods because it has unusually adaptable characteristics. Its flavour ranges from bland to subtly sweet (approx. 10% sweetness of sugar/sucrose). It can be used to replace sugar, fat, and flour. This is particularly advantageous because inulin contains a third to a quarter of the food energy of sugar or other carbohydrates and a sixth to a ninth of the food energy of fat. While Inulin is a versatile ingredient, it also has health benefits. Inulin increases calcium absorption and possibly magnesium absorption, while promoting the growth of intestinal bacteria. Nutritionally, it is considered a form of soluble fiber and is sometimes categorized as a prebiotic. Inulin has a minimal impact on blood sugar, and?unlike fructose?is not insulemic and does not raise triglycerides, making it generally considered suitable for diabetics and potentially helpful in managing blood sugar-related illnesses. The consumption of large quantities (particularly by sensitive or unaccustomed individuals) can lead to gas and bloating, and products which contain Inulin will sometimes include a warning to add it gradually to ones diet.; The inulin test is a procedure by which the filtering capacity of the glomeruli (the main filtering structures of the kidney) is determined by measuring the rate at which inulin, the test substance, is cleared from blood plasma. Inulin is one of the more suitable and accurate substance to measure because it is a small, inert polysaccharide molecule that readily passes through the glomeruli. The inulin clearance test is performed by injecting inulin, waiting for it to be distributed, and then measuring plasma and urine inulin concentrations by various assays. As nutraceutical agents inulins may have antitumor, antimicrobial, hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic actions. They may also help to improve mineral absorption and balance and may have antiosteoporotic activity.; There is a single report of what is claimed to be an allergic reaction to inulin in the literature, but dietary inulin has small amounts of bacteria and fungal spores and this case is most likely to represent a reaction to one of these contaminants:[citation needed] every day billions of people eat inulin-containing foods, e.g. onions, without any suggestion of allergy. Inulin is found in many foods, some of which are asparagus, endive, giant butterbur, and dandelion.DahlinInulin [ban]Inulin and sodium chloridePlant starchC18H32O16504.438504.169034952-{[2-({[3,4-dihydroxy-2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy}methyl)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy}-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol2-{[2-({[3,4-dihydroxy-2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy}methyl)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy}-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol9005-80-5OCC1OC(CO)(OCC2(OC3OC(CO)C(O)C(O)C3O)OC(CO)C(O)C2O)C(O)C1OInChI=1S/C18H32O16/c19-1-6-9(23)12(26)13(27)16(31-6)34-18(15(29)11(25)8(3-21)33-18)5-30-17(4-22)14(28)10(24)7(2-20)32-17/h6-16,19-29H,1-5H2VAWYEUIPHLMNNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N belongs to the class of organic compounds known as oligosaccharides. These are carbohydrates made up of 3 to 10 monosaccharide units linked to each other through glycosidic bonds.OligosaccharidesOrganic compoundsOrganic oxygen compoundsOrganooxygen compoundsCarbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugatesAliphatic heteromonocyclic compoundsC-glycosyl compoundsHydrocarbon derivativesKetalsO-glycosyl compoundsOxacyclic compoundsOxanesPolyolsPrimary alcoholsSecondary alcoholsTetrahydrofuransAcetalAlcoholAliphatic heteromonocyclic compoundC-glycosyl compoundGlycosyl compoundHydrocarbon derivativeKetalO-glycosyl compoundOligosaccharideOrganoheterocyclic compoundOxacycleOxanePolyolPrimary alcoholSecondary alcoholTetrahydrofuranan inulinlogp-3.20logs0.16solubility7.32e+02 g/llogp-6.1pka_strongest_acidic11.65pka_strongest_basic-3.5iupac2-{[2-({[3,4-dihydroxy-2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy}methyl)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy}-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triolaverage_mass504.438mono_mass504.16903495smilesOCC1OC(CO)(OCC2(OC3OC(CO)C(O)C(O)C3O)OC(CO)C(O)C2O)C(O)C1OformulaC18H32O16inchiInChI=1S/C18H32O16/c19-1-6-9(23)12(26)13(27)16(31-6)34-18(15(29)11(25)8(3-21)33-18)5-30-17(4-22)14(28)10(24)7(2-20)32-17/h6-16,19-29H,1-5H2inchikeyVAWYEUIPHLMNNF-UHFFFAOYSA-Npolar_surface_area268.68refractivity101.62polarizability46.37rotatable_bond_count9acceptor_count16donor_count11physiological_charge0formal_charge0Specdb::MsMs70995Specdb::MsMs70996Specdb::MsMs70997Specdb::MsMs129567Specdb::MsMs129568Specdb::MsMs12956915443AsparagusType 1specificAsparagus officinalis4686Bitter gourdType 1specificMomordica charantia3673BurdockType 1specificArctium lappa421730000.030000.030000.0mg/100 gChicoryType 1specificCichorium intybus1342734500.034500.034500.0mg/100 gCommon salsifyType 1specificTragopogon porrifolius13731DandelionType 1specificTaraxacum officinale5022532500.032500.032500.0mg/100 gEndiveType 1specificCichorium endivia114280Giant butterburType 1specificPetasites japonicus186965Jerusalem artichokeType 1specificHelianthus tuberosus4233LettuceType 1specificLactuca sativa4236MugwortType 1specificArtemisia vulgaris422010000.010000.010000.0mg/100 gPomegranateType 1specificPunica granatum226631000.01000.01000.0mg/100 gRoot vegetablesUnknowngenericSoft-necked garlicType 1specificAllium sativum L. var. sativum4682alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor38An EC 1.1.1.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-OH group, NAD(+) or NADP(+) acceptor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of alcohol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.1).anti colitic196Any substance introduced into a living organism with therapeutic or diagnostic purpose.anti diabetic228Any substance introduced into a living organism with therapeutic or diagnostic purpose.anti diarrheic229Any drug found useful in the symptomatic treatment of diarrhoea.anti obesity486Any substance introduced into a living organism with therapeutic or diagnostic purpose.anti osteoporotic495Any substance introduced into a living organism with therapeutic or diagnostic purpose.bifidogenic730chemopreventive796A substance that inhibits or prevents the proliferation of neoplasms.expectorant925Any substance introduced into a living organism with therapeutic or diagnostic purpose.gastrostimulant949A drug used for its effects on the gastrointestinal system, e.g. controlling gastric acidity, regulating gastrointestinal motility and water flow, and improving digestion.hypocholesterolemic1016hypoglycemic1017A drug which lowers the blood glucose level.immunostimulant1032A substance that augments, stimulates, activates, potentiates, or modulates the immune response at either the cellular or humoral level. A classical agent (Freund's adjuvant, BCG, Corynebacterium parvum, et al.) contains bacterial antigens. It could also be endogenous (e.g., histamine, interferon, transfer factor, tuftsin, interleukin-1). Its mode of action is either non-specific, resulting in increased immune responsiveness to a wide variety of antigens, or antigen-specific, i.e., affecting a restricted type of immune response to a narrow group of antigens. The therapeutic efficacy is related to its antigen-specific immunoadjuvanticity.laxative1065An agent that produces a soft formed stool, and relaxes and loosens the bowels, typically used over a protracted period, to relieve constipation. Compare with cathartic, which is a substance that accelerates defecation. A substances can be both a laxative and a cathartic.lipolytic1074prebiotic1240probiotic1245probiotigenic1246