| Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor | 35457 | An agent that blocks the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, reducing blood pressure and fluid retention. Therapeutically, it's used to treat hypertension, heart failure, and protect kidney function in diabetes, thereby reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease and stroke. | DUKE |
| Allelochemic | | A chemical released by plants that interacts with other organisms, influencing their behavior or growth. Its biological role involves plant defense and communication. Therapeutically, allelochemics have anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties, with applications in managing anxiety, pain, and infections, as well as potential anticancer uses. | DUKE |
| Anti-aggregant | | An agent that prevents platelet aggregation, reducing blood clot formation. Its biological role is to inhibit platelet activation, and its therapeutic applications include preventing thrombosis and stroke. Key medical uses include treating cardiovascular diseases, such as myocardial infarction and atrial fibrillation, and managing conditions that increase the risk of blood clots. | DUKE |
| Anti-alcoholic | 52217 | An agent that reduces alcohol cravings and withdrawal symptoms, commonly used in managing alcohol dependence and addiction, aiding in the treatment of alcohol use disorder by blocking the rewarding aspects of alcohol consumption. | DUKE |
| Anti-arthritic | 52217 | An agent that reduces joint inflammation and alleviates symptoms of arthritis, commonly used in managing rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and other inflammatory joint disorders, to improve mobility and quality of life. | DUKE |
| Anti bacterial | 33282 | An agent that inhibits the growth of or destroys bacteria, playing a crucial role in preventing and treating infections. Therapeutically, it is used to combat bacterial infections, with key medical applications including treating pneumonia, tuberculosis, and skin infections, as well as preventing surgical site infections and sepsis. | DUKE |
| Anti cariogenic | 52217 | An agent that prevents tooth decay, reducing bacterial acid production and plaque formation. Its biological role is to inhibit the growth of cariogenic bacteria, and its therapeutic applications include preventing dental caries and managing tooth decay. Key medical uses include toothpaste, mouthwashes, and dental varnishes to maintain oral health. | DUKE |
| Anti coagulant | 50249 | An agent that prevents blood clot formation, playing a crucial role in maintaining blood fluidity. Therapeutically, it is used to treat and prevent thrombosis, embolism, and stroke, commonly used in managing conditions such as atrial fibrillation, deep vein thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism. | DUKE |
| Anti complementary | | A substance that diminishes or abolishes the action of a complement, playing a role in regulating the immune system. Therapeutically, it's used to prevent excessive inflammation and tissue damage. Key medical uses include treating autoimmune disorders, transplant rejection, and inflammatory diseases. | DUKE |
| Anti-edemic | | An agent that relieves or prevents edema, reducing abnormal fluid accumulation in tissues or the circulatory system, commonly used to treat conditions such as swelling, inflammation, and water retention. | DUKE |
| Anti endotoxic | 50247 | An agent that neutralizes or mitigates the effects of endotoxins, reducing inflammation and septic shock. Therapeutically, it is used to treat conditions such as sepsis, meningitis, and other endotoxin-mediated diseases, promoting immune system balance and preventing tissue damage. | DUKE |
| Anti feedant | | A substance that inhibits normal feeding behavior, found in certain plants, deterring insects and animals from consuming them. Its therapeutic applications include pest control, while key medical uses involve managing insect-borne diseases and reducing crop damage. | DUKE |
| Anti-flu | 22587 | An agent that prevents or treats influenza virus infections, reducing symptoms and complications. Its biological role involves blocking viral replication, and its therapeutic applications include prophylaxis and treatment of flu outbreaks. Key medical uses include reducing the risk of flu-related hospitalizations and mortality, especially in high-risk populations such as the elderly and young children. | DUKE |
| Anti hepatitic | 62868 | An agent that protects the liver from damage, reducing inflammation and promoting liver health. Therapeutically, it is used to treat hepatitis and other liver diseases, managing symptoms and preventing liver damage. Key medical uses include treating viral hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and liver cancer, as well as supporting liver function in patients with liver disease. | DUKE |
| Anti hepatotoxic | 62868 | An agent that protects the liver from damage, reducing toxicity and promoting liver health. It plays a biological role in preventing liver injury and supporting liver function. Therapeutically, it is used to treat liver diseases, such as hepatitis and cirrhosis, and to counteract liver-damaging effects of certain medications and toxins. | DUKE |
| Anti-herpetic | 22587 | An agent that inhibits the replication of herpes viruses, reducing symptoms and severity of infections. Therapeutically, it is used to treat herpes simplex (HSV-1 and HSV-2) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infections, commonly used in managing genital herpes, cold sores, and shingles. | DUKE |
| Anti histaminic | 37956 | An agent that blocks histamine receptors, reducing allergic symptoms. Therapeutically, it alleviates itching, sneezing, and runny nose, commonly used in managing allergies, itching, and hives, as well as treating conditions like anaphylaxis and allergic rhinitis. | DUKE |
| Anti HIV | 22587 | An agent that prevents the replication of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), used to treat and manage HIV infection and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), reducing viral load and slowing disease progression. | DUKE |
| Anti hyperlipidemic | 52217 | An agent that reduces lipid levels in the blood, playing a crucial role in preventing cardiovascular disease. Therapeutically, it is used to manage hyperlipidemia, lowering cholesterol and triglyceride levels, and is commonly used to prevent atherosclerosis, heart attacks, and strokes. | DUKE |
| Anti-inflammatory | 35472 | An agent that reduces inflammation, playing a biological role in suppressing immune responses and therapeutic applications in managing pain, swelling, and redness. Key medical uses include treating arthritis, allergies, and autoimmune disorders, as well as relieving symptoms of conditions such as asthma and dermatitis. | DUKE |
| Anti leukemic | 35610 | An agent that targets and inhibits the growth of leukemia cells, playing a crucial role in cancer treatment. Therapeutically, it is used to induce remission, manage symptoms, and improve survival rates in patients with leukemia. Key medical uses include treating acute and chronic leukemia, lymphoma, and other hematological malignancies. | DUKE |
| Anti lipoperoxidant | | An agent that prevents peroxidation of lipids, reducing oxidative stress and cell damage. Its biological role involves protecting cell membranes from degradation. Therapeutically, it has applications in managing conditions related to oxidative stress, with key medical uses including neuroprotection, anti-inflammation, and antioxidant therapy. | DUKE |
| Anti-mutagenic | | An agent that interferes with the mutagenicity of a substance, preventing DNA damage and mutations. Its biological role is to protect cells from genetic alterations, and it has therapeutic applications in cancer prevention and treatment, as well as key medical uses in reducing the risk of genetic disorders and birth defects. | DUKE |
| Anti osteotic | | An agent that inhibits bone resorption, reducing osteoclast activity. Its biological role is to maintain bone density, and its therapeutic applications include treating osteoporosis, Paget's disease, and other bone disorders, making it a key medical use in managing conditions characterized by excessive bone loss. | DUKE |
| Anti-oxidant | 22586 | An agent that neutralizes free radicals, reducing oxidative stress and cell damage. Its biological role involves protecting cells from harm, and it has therapeutic applications in managing chronic diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders, with key medical uses including anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, and cardio protective effects. | DUKE |
| Anti periodontal | | An agent that prevents or treats gum disease, reducing inflammation and infection in the gums and supporting tissues of the teeth, commonly used in managing periodontitis and promoting oral health. | DUKE |
| Anti peroxidant | | An agent that prevents oxygen atom and peroxide formation, reducing oxidative stress and cell damage. It plays a biological role in protecting cells from free radicals. Therapeutically, it's used to manage conditions like cancer, Alzheimer's, and atherosclerosis, with key medical applications in neuroprotection, cardiovascular health, and anti-aging. | DUKE |
| Anti-plaque | | An agent that removes or prevents the formation of dental plaque, a biofilm of bacteria, to prevent tooth decay and gum disease, commonly used in oral care products and therapeutic applications for periodontal health. | DUKE |
| Anti prostaglandin | 49020 | An agent that inhibits prostaglandin production, reducing inflammation and pain. Therapeutically, it's used to treat conditions like arthritis, menstrual cramps, and post-surgical pain, by blocking prostaglandin-mediated responses, providing relief from inflammation and discomfort. | DUKE |
| Anti radicular | | An agent that relieves inflammation or irritation of the nerve root of a tooth, reducing pain and discomfort. Its biological role is to target and alleviate radicular pain, with therapeutic applications in endodontics and key medical uses in root canal treatments and tooth sensitivity management. | DUKE |
| Anti-sclerodermic | 50177 | An agent that prevents or treats scleroderma, a condition characterized by hardened skin and connective tissue. It reduces fibrosis and inflammation, commonly used in managing scleroderma, pulmonary fibrosis, and other fibrotic diseases, improving skin and organ function. | DUKE |
| Anti ulcer | 49201 | An agent that reduces stomach acid and protects the mucous lining, preventing ulcer formation. It is used to treat conditions like gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), peptic ulcers, and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, promoting healing and relieving symptoms. | DUKE |
| Anti-viral | 22587 | An agent that inhibits the replication of viruses, playing a crucial role in preventing and treating viral infections. Therapeutically, anti-virals are used to manage diseases such as HIV, herpes, and influenza, reducing symptoms and slowing disease progression. Key medical uses include treating viral hepatitis, respiratory syncytial virus, and COVID-19. | DUKE |
| Astringent | 74783 | An agent that constricts or shrinks tissues, reducing bleeding and inflammation. It plays a biological role in wound healing and has therapeutic applications in treating hemorrhoids, diarrhea, and skin irritations. Key medical uses include reducing swelling, stopping bleeding, and protecting mucous membranes, making it useful in various topical and oral preparations. | DUKE |
| Beta-adrenergic receptor blocker | 37962 | An agent that blocks beta-adrenergic receptors, reducing heart rate and blood pressure. Therapeutically, it manages hypertension, angina, and certain arrhythmias, while also being used to treat conditions like glaucoma, migraine headaches, and performance anxiety. | DUKE |
| cAMP-phosphodiesterase inhibitor | 23924 | An agent that blocks the breakdown of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), increasing its levels and enhancing cellular signaling. Therapeutically, it is used to treat respiratory diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), as well as certain cardiovascular conditions. | DUKE |
| Cancer preventive | 35610 | An agent that inhibits the development and progression of cancer, reducing tumor formation and growth. It plays a biological role in blocking carcinogenic pathways, and has therapeutic applications in chemoprevention. Key medical uses include reducing the risk of cancer in high-risk individuals and preventing cancer recurrence. | DUKE |
| Carcinogenic | 50903 | An agent that causes cancer, damaging cellular DNA and disrupting normal cell growth. It has no therapeutic applications, but understanding its biological role informs cancer prevention and treatment strategies, with key medical uses in oncology research and risk assessment. | DUKE |
| Cardiotonic | 38070 | An agent that strengthens heart muscle contractions, enhancing cardiac output. It plays a biological role in regulating heart function and is therapeutically used to treat heart failure, improving symptoms and exercise tolerance. Key medical uses include managing cardiomyopathy, atrial fibrillation, and congestive heart failure. | DUKE |
| Catechol O-methyltransferase inhibitor | 48406 | An agent that blocks the activity of catechol O-methyltransferase, an enzyme involved in breaking down catecholamines. Therapeutically, it increases dopamine levels, commonly used in managing Parkinson's disease, depression, and anxiety disorders, as well as treating pain and fibromyalgia. | DUKE |
| Cyclooxygenase-1 inhibitor | 50630 | An agent that blocks the activity of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1), reducing inflammation and pain. Therapeutically, it is used to manage conditions like arthritis, and as a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) to relieve pain, fever, and inflammation, while minimizing gastrointestinal side effects. | DUKE |
| Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor | 50629 | An agent that blocks the activity of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), reducing inflammation and pain. Therapeutically, it is used to manage conditions such as arthritis, menstrual cramps, and other inflammatory disorders, providing relief from symptoms with reduced gastrointestinal side effects compared to non-selective NSAIDs. | DUKE |
| Cyclooxygenase inhibitor | 35544 | An agent that blocks the activity of cyclooxygenase enzymes, reducing inflammation and pain. Therapeutically, it is used to treat conditions such as arthritis, headaches, and menstrual cramps, by decreasing prostaglandin production, a key mediator of inflammation. | DUKE |
| Cytotoxic | 52209 | An agent that kills or damages cells, playing a biological role in immune responses and therapeutic applications in cancer treatment. Key medical uses include chemotherapy, targeting and destroying cancer cells, and treating certain autoimmune diseases by eliminating harmful cells. | DUKE |
| Dermatitigenic | | An agent that causes inflammation of the skin (dermatitis), triggering allergic reactions and immune responses. Its biological role involves activating immune cells, leading to skin irritation. Therapeutically, it is used to test skin sensitivity and develop treatments for dermatitis. Key medical uses include diagnosing skin allergies and researching dermatitis treatments. | DUKE |
| Fungicide | 24127 | An agent that kills or inhibits the growth of fungi, playing a biological role in preventing fungal infections. Therapeutically, it is used to treat fungal diseases, with key medical applications including athlete's foot, ringworm, and candidiasis, as well as agricultural uses to protect crops from fungal damage. | DUKE |
| Hemostat | | An agent that controls bleeding, playing a biological role in blood coagulation. Therapeutically, it promotes clot formation, and its key medical uses include treating wounds, surgical bleeding, and hemorrhages, helping to stabilize patients and prevent excessive blood loss. | DUKE |
| Hepatoprotective | 62868 | An agent that protects the liver from damage, promoting liver health and function. It plays a biological role in reducing oxidative stress and inflammation, and has therapeutic applications in managing liver diseases, such as hepatitis and cirrhosis, and key medical uses in treating drug-induced liver injury and toxicities. | DUKE |
| Hypocholesterolemic | | An agent that lowers cholesterol levels in the blood, playing a crucial role in preventing cardiovascular disease. Therapeutically, it is used to manage hyperlipidemia and reduce the risk of heart disease, with key medical applications including the treatment of high cholesterol, atherosclerosis, and coronary artery disease. | DUKE |
| Immunostimulant | 50847 | An agent that stimulates the immune system, enhancing its response to infections and diseases. Therapeutically, it boosts the body's natural defenses, commonly used to treat immunodeficiency disorders, prevent infections, and support cancer treatment, as well as manage chronic conditions like hepatitis and HIV. | DUKE |
| Lipoxygenase inhibitor | 35856 | An agent that blocks the activity of lipoxygenase enzymes, reducing inflammation and oxidative stress. Therapeutically, it's used to manage conditions like asthma, atherosclerosis, and cancer, by inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory leukotrienes. Key medical uses include treating respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. | DUKE |
| Neuroprotective | 63726 | An agent that protects nerve cells from damage or degeneration, reducing the risk of neurodegenerative diseases. Therapeutically, it helps manage conditions like Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and stroke, promoting neuronal survival and function. | DUKE |
| Nitric-oxide inhibitor | 35222 | An agent that blocks the production of nitric oxide, reducing inflammation and vascular relaxation. Therapeutically, it's used to treat conditions like hypertension, angina, and septic shock, by constricting blood vessels and improving blood pressure. Key medical uses include cardiovascular and critical care applications. | DUKE |
| Pesticide | 25944 | An agent that kills or repels pests, playing a biological role in controlling insect, weed, and fungal populations. Therapeutically, pesticides have limited applications, but some are used to treat ectoparasitic infestations, such as lice and scabies. Key medical uses include topical treatments for head lice and scabies, highlighting their role in managing parasitic infections. | DUKE |
| Phagocytotic | | An agent that engulfs and internalizes solid particles or cells through phagocytosis, playing a key role in immune defense. Therapeutically, it aids in removing pathogens and debris, with medical applications in treating infections and inflammatory disorders. | DUKE |
| Tyrosine kinase inhibitor | | An agent that blocks the enzymatic activity of tyrosine kinases, enzymes responsible for the activation of many proteins involved in signal transduction pathways regulating cell growth and survival. Therapeutically, tyrosine kinase inhibitors are widely used in the treatment of various cancers and proliferative diseases, by halting aberrant signaling that drives tumor progression and pathological tissue remodeling. | DUKE |
| Vasoconstrictor | 50514 | An agent that narrows blood vessels, reducing blood flow. It plays a biological role in regulating blood pressure and is therapeutically used to treat conditions like hypotension, nasal congestion, and bleeding. Key medical uses include managing shock, reducing bleeding during surgery, and relieving migraine headaches. | DUKE |
| Xanthine oxidase inhibitor | 35634 | An agent that blocks xanthine oxidase, an enzyme involved in uric acid production, reducing inflammation and oxidative stress. Therapeutically, it's used to treat gout, hyperuricemia, and prevent kidney stones, with key applications in managing cardiovascular disease and improving kidney function. | DUKE |
