| Aldose reductase inhibitor | 48550 | An agent that blocks the activity of aldose reductase, an enzyme involved in glucose metabolism. It reduces oxidative stress and inflammation, commonly used in managing diabetic complications, such as neuropathy, nephropathy, and retinopathy. | DUKE |
| Allelochemic | | A chemical released by plants that interacts with other organisms, influencing their behavior or growth. Its biological role involves plant defense and communication. Therapeutically, allelochemics have anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties, with applications in managing anxiety, pain, and infections, as well as potential anticancer uses. | DUKE |
| Allergenic | 50904 | A substance that triggers an immune response, causing allergic reactions. Its biological role is to stimulate the immune system, but it has no therapeutic applications. Key medical uses include diagnosing allergies and developing immunotherapies to desensitize patients to specific allergens, reducing the risk of severe reactions. | DUKE |
| Analgesic | 35480 | An agent that relieves pain by reducing or blocking pain signals in the brain, commonly used to manage acute or chronic pain, inflammation, and fever, with therapeutic applications in surgery, injury, and disease treatment. | DUKE |
| Anti-atherosclerotic | 38070 | An agent that prevents or slows the formation of atherosclerosis, a condition characterized by plaque buildup in arteries. It reduces inflammation, improves lipid profiles, and inhibits platelet aggregation, commonly used to manage cardiovascular diseases, such as coronary artery disease, and prevent heart attacks and strokes. | DUKE |
| Anti bacterial | 33282 | An agent that inhibits the growth of or destroys bacteria, playing a crucial role in preventing and treating infections. Therapeutically, it is used to combat bacterial infections, with key medical applications including treating pneumonia, tuberculosis, and skin infections, as well as preventing surgical site infections and sepsis. | DUKE |
| Anti-cancer | 35610 | An agent that inhibits the growth and proliferation of cancer cells, used to treat and manage various types of cancer, including chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, to reduce tumor size, prevent metastasis, and improve patient survival. | DUKE |
| Anti carcinogenic | 35610 | An agent that prevents or inhibits the formation of cancer, reducing tumor growth and proliferation. It plays a biological role in protecting cells from DNA damage and mutation. Therapeutically, it is used to prevent cancer development, with key medical applications in chemotherapy, radiation protection, and cancer prevention programs. | DUKE |
| Anti-diabetic | 52217 | An agent that regulates blood sugar levels, enhancing insulin sensitivity or secretion. Therapeutically, it's used to manage diabetes, reducing symptoms and complications, and commonly prescribed to treat type 1 and 2 diabetes, as well as gestational diabetes. | DUKE |
| Anti Epstein-Barr virus | 22587 | An agent that targets and neutralizes the Epstein-Barr virus, reducing its replication and associated diseases, such as infectious mononucleosis and certain types of cancer, with therapeutic applications in immunocompromised patients and key medical uses in preventing and treating EBV-related disorders. | DUKE |
| Anti feedant | | A substance that inhibits normal feeding behavior, found in certain plants, deterring insects and animals from consuming them. Its therapeutic applications include pest control, while key medical uses involve managing insect-borne diseases and reducing crop damage. | DUKE |
| Anti genotoxic | 52217 | An agent that prevents or reduces genetic damage, protecting cells from harmful mutations. It plays a biological role in maintaining genome stability and has therapeutic applications in cancer prevention and treatment, as well as key medical uses in reducing chemotherapy side effects and protecting against environmental toxins. | DUKE |
| Anti gonadotropic | | An agent that suppresses gonadotropin activity, specifically follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). Used to treat hormonally-sensitive cancers, delay puberty, and manage conditions like endometriosis and hypersexuality. | DUKE |
| Anti-hemolytic | 50248 | An agent that prevents or reduces the breakdown of red blood cells, used to treat conditions such as hemolytic anemia, and other disorders where red blood cell destruction occurs, promoting healthy red blood cell count and preventing related complications. | DUKE |
| Anti hepatotoxic | 62868 | An agent that protects the liver from damage, reducing toxicity and promoting liver health. It plays a biological role in preventing liver injury and supporting liver function. Therapeutically, it is used to treat liver diseases, such as hepatitis and cirrhosis, and to counteract liver-damaging effects of certain medications and toxins. | DUKE |
| Anti-herpetic | 22587 | An agent that inhibits the replication of herpes viruses, reducing symptoms and severity of infections. Therapeutically, it is used to treat herpes simplex (HSV-1 and HSV-2) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infections, commonly used in managing genital herpes, cold sores, and shingles. | DUKE |
| Anti histaminic | 37956 | An agent that blocks histamine receptors, reducing allergic symptoms. Therapeutically, it alleviates itching, sneezing, and runny nose, commonly used in managing allergies, itching, and hives, as well as treating conditions like anaphylaxis and allergic rhinitis. | DUKE |
| Anti HIV | 22587 | An agent that prevents the replication of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), used to treat and manage HIV infection and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), reducing viral load and slowing disease progression. | DUKE |
| Anti hypercholesterolemic | | An agent that prevents or controls an increase of cholesterol in the blood, playing a crucial role in reducing cardiovascular risk. Therapeutically, it helps manage hypercholesterolemia, preventing plaque buildup and lowering the risk of heart disease, making it a key treatment for conditions like atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease. | DUKE |
| Anti hyperthyroid | 52217 | An agent that reduces thyroid hormone production, used to manage hyperthyroidism by decreasing thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroid hormone levels, commonly used to treat conditions such as Graves' disease and thyroid storm. | DUKE |
| Anti-inflammatory | 35472 | An agent that reduces inflammation, playing a biological role in suppressing immune responses and therapeutic applications in managing pain, swelling, and redness. Key medical uses include treating arthritis, allergies, and autoimmune disorders, as well as relieving symptoms of conditions such as asthma and dermatitis. | DUKE |
| Anti-legionella | 33282 | An agent that targets and eliminates Legionella bacteria, reducing the risk of Legionnaires' disease and Pontiac fever. It plays a crucial role in water treatment and disinfection, with therapeutic applications in preventing outbreaks and managing related infections in healthcare settings and public water systems. | DUKE |
| Anti leukotriene | 35222 | An agent that blocks the action of leukotrienes, reducing inflammation and bronchoconstriction. Therapeutically, it is used to treat asthma, allergic rhinitis, and other respiratory disorders by inhibiting the biological role of leukotrienes in mediating inflammatory responses. | DUKE |
| Anti-melanogenic | 35610 | An agent that inhibits melanin production, reducing skin pigmentation. It plays a biological role in regulating melanogenesis, and has therapeutic applications in treating hyperpigmentation disorders, such as melasma and freckles, and key medical uses in skin whitening and depigmentation treatments. | DUKE |
| Anti-mutagenic | | An agent that interferes with the mutagenicity of a substance, preventing DNA damage and mutations. Its biological role is to protect cells from genetic alterations, and it has therapeutic applications in cancer prevention and treatment, as well as key medical uses in reducing the risk of genetic disorders and birth defects. | DUKE |
| Anti-nitrosaminic | | An agent that inhibits the formation of nitrosamines, carcinogenic compounds. It plays a biological role in cancer prevention, with therapeutic applications in reducing the risk of tobacco-related and other cancers. Key medical uses include chemoprevention and protection against carcinogenic exposures. | DUKE |
| Anti-oxidant | 22586 | An agent that neutralizes free radicals, reducing oxidative stress and cell damage. Its biological role involves protecting cells from harm, and it has therapeutic applications in managing chronic diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders, with key medical uses including anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, and cardio protective effects. | DUKE |
| Anti peroxidant | | An agent that prevents oxygen atom and peroxide formation, reducing oxidative stress and cell damage. It plays a biological role in protecting cells from free radicals. Therapeutically, it's used to manage conditions like cancer, Alzheimer's, and atherosclerosis, with key medical applications in neuroprotection, cardiovascular health, and anti-aging. | DUKE |
| Anti polio | 22587 | An agent that prevents poliovirus infection, inducing immunity to protect against poliomyelitis. Therapeutically, it is used to prevent and control polio outbreaks, commonly administered through vaccination to promote herd immunity and eradicate the disease. | DUKE |
| Anti radicular | | An agent that relieves inflammation or irritation of the nerve root of a tooth, reducing pain and discomfort. Its biological role is to target and alleviate radicular pain, with therapeutic applications in endodontics and key medical uses in root canal treatments and tooth sensitivity management. | DUKE |
| Anti septic | 33281 | An agent that prevents or reduces the growth of microorganisms, such as bacteria, fungi, or viruses, to promote wound healing and prevent infection. Therapeutically, anti septics are used to treat minor cuts, scrapes, and burns, and are commonly applied topically to reduce the risk of infection and promote tissue repair. Key medical uses include wound care, surgical site preparation, and skin infection management. | DUKE |
| Anti sunburn | 52217 | An agent that protects the skin from sun damage, reducing inflammation and preventing burns. Its biological role is to absorb or reflect UV radiation, therapeutic applications include preventing skin cancer and photoaging, and key medical uses include treating sunburn, premature aging, and skin discoloration. | DUKE |
| Anti-thyroid | | An agent that inhibits thyroid hormone production, used to treat hyperthyroidism by reducing thyroid hormone levels, commonly applied in managing conditions like Graves' disease. | DUKE |
| Antitumor | 35610 | An agent that inhibits tumor growth and proliferation, playing a crucial role in cancer treatment. Therapeutically, antitumors are used to manage various types of cancer, including chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, helping to reduce tumor size, prevent metastasis, and improve patient outcomes. | DUKE |
| Antitumor promoter | 35610 | An agent that inhibits tumor growth and progression, reducing cancer cell proliferation. Therapeutically, it prevents tumor development and spread, with key medical uses in cancer prevention and treatment, particularly in combating carcinogenesis and metastasis. | DUKE |
| Anti ulcer | 49201 | An agent that reduces stomach acid and protects the mucous lining, preventing ulcer formation. It is used to treat conditions like gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), peptic ulcers, and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, promoting healing and relieving symptoms. | DUKE |
| Anti-viral | 22587 | An agent that inhibits the replication of viruses, playing a crucial role in preventing and treating viral infections. Therapeutically, anti-virals are used to manage diseases such as HIV, herpes, and influenza, reducing symptoms and slowing disease progression. Key medical uses include treating viral hepatitis, respiratory syncytial virus, and COVID-19. | DUKE |
| Autotoxic | | A substance secreted by a species that inhibits its own growth or reproduction, playing a role in population regulation. Therapeutically, autotoxic compounds have applications in cancer treatment and antimicrobial development. Key medical uses include inhibiting tumor growth and preventing infectious disease transmission. | DUKE |
| Cancer preventive | 35610 | An agent that inhibits the development and progression of cancer, reducing tumor formation and growth. It plays a biological role in blocking carcinogenic pathways, and has therapeutic applications in chemoprevention. Key medical uses include reducing the risk of cancer in high-risk individuals and preventing cancer recurrence. | DUKE |
| Cardioprotective | 38070 | An agent that protects the heart from damage, reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease. It plays a biological role in mitigating cardiac stress and injury, with therapeutic applications in preventing heart attacks, strokes, and arrhythmias, and key medical uses in treating hypertension, heart failure, and coronary artery disease. | DUKE |
| Chemopreventive | 35610 | An agent that prevents or delays the development of cancer, reducing the risk of tumor formation and progression. It plays a biological role in inhibiting carcinogenesis, and has therapeutic applications in cancer prevention, with key medical uses including reducing the risk of colorectal, breast, and prostate cancers. | DUKE |
| Cholagogue | | An agent that stimulates the release of bile from the gallbladder, promoting digestion and relieving bile duct issues. Therapeutically, it aids in treating gallstones, jaundice, and liver disorders, while also supporting digestive health. | DUKE |
| Choleretic | | An agent that increases bile production and secretion from the liver, enhancing digestion and fat absorption. Therapeutically, it's used to treat gallstones, liver disease, and indigestion, promoting healthy bile flow and liver function. | DUKE |
| Clastogenic | | An agent inducing chromosomal breakages, leading to genetic mutations and rearrangements, with potential therapeutic applications in cancer treatment and research, and medical uses in genetic toxicology and mutagenesis studies. | DUKE |
| Central nervous system active | 35470 | An agent that affects brain and spinal cord function, influencing mood, cognition, and physical responses. Therapeutically, it's used to manage neurological and psychiatric disorders, such as depression, anxiety, and insomnia, by modulating neurotransmitter activity and neural pathways. | DUKE |
| Central nervous system stimulant | 35470 | An agent that increases alertness and activity by enhancing neurotransmitter release, used therapeutically to manage attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), narcolepsy, and fatigue, and to improve cognitive function and mood. | DUKE |
| Collagen-sparing | | An agent that preserves collagen, reducing its degradation and promoting tissue repair. It plays a biological role in maintaining skin and joint health. Therapeutically, it has applications in wound healing, osteoarthritis, and skin rejuvenation, with key medical uses in dermatology and orthopedics to prevent tissue damage and promote regeneration. | DUKE |
| Diuretic | 35498 | An agent that increases urine production, helping remove excess fluids and salts from the body. It plays a key biological role in regulating fluid balance and blood pressure. Therapeutically, diuretics are used to treat conditions such as hypertension, edema, and heart failure, helping reduce swelling and lower blood pressure. | DUKE |
| Fungicide | 24127 | An agent that kills or inhibits the growth of fungi, playing a biological role in preventing fungal infections. Therapeutically, it is used to treat fungal diseases, with key medical applications including athlete's foot, ringworm, and candidiasis, as well as agricultural uses to protect crops from fungal damage. | DUKE |
| Hepatoprotective | 62868 | An agent that protects the liver from damage, promoting liver health and function. It plays a biological role in reducing oxidative stress and inflammation, and has therapeutic applications in managing liver diseases, such as hepatitis and cirrhosis, and key medical uses in treating drug-induced liver injury and toxicities. | DUKE |
| Histamine inhibitor | 37956 | An agent that blocks histamine activity, reducing allergic responses and inflammation. Therapeutically, it's used to treat conditions like allergic rhinitis, urticaria, and itching. Key medical uses include relieving symptoms of allergies, itching, and hives, making it a common treatment for allergic reactions and skin disorders. | DUKE |
| Hypoglycemic | 35526 | An agent that lowers blood glucose levels, playing a crucial role in glucose metabolism. Therapeutically, it is used to manage diabetes and insulin resistance, with key medical applications in treating type 1 and 2 diabetes, and preventing diabetic complications. | DUKE |
| Immunostimulant | 50847 | An agent that stimulates the immune system, enhancing its response to infections and diseases. Therapeutically, it boosts the body's natural defenses, commonly used to treat immunodeficiency disorders, prevent infections, and support cancer treatment, as well as manage chronic conditions like hepatitis and HIV. | DUKE |
| Insectifuge | 24852 | A substance that repels insects, playing a biological role in plant defense. Therapeutically, it has applications in preventing insect-borne diseases. Key medical uses include topical repellents for malaria, dengue fever, and other vector-borne illnesses, reducing the risk of transmission. | DUKE |
| Interferonogenic | | An agent that stimulates interferon production, enhancing immune response to pathogens, with therapeutic applications in treating viral infections and cancers, and key medical uses in immunotherapy and antiviral treatments. | DUKE |
| Juvabional | | A regulator of insect development, reproduction, and growth, juvenile hormone inhibitor, used in pest control and insecticide development, with potential applications in agriculture and entomology. | DUKE |
| Larvistat | | An insect growth regulator that inhibits larval development, used to control mosquito populations and prevent disease transmission, with key applications in public health and vector control. | DUKE |
| Leukotriene inhibitor | 35222 | An agent that blocks the action of leukotrienes, reducing inflammation and bronchoconstriction. Therapeutically, it's used to manage asthma, allergic rhinitis, and other respiratory disorders by preventing leukotriene-mediated responses, thereby alleviating symptoms such as wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath. | DUKE |
| Lipoxygenase inhibitor | 35856 | An agent that blocks the activity of lipoxygenase enzymes, reducing inflammation and oxidative stress. Therapeutically, it's used to manage conditions like asthma, atherosclerosis, and cancer, by inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory leukotrienes. Key medical uses include treating respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. | DUKE |
| Metal chelator | 38161 | An agent that binds to metal ions, reducing their toxicity and availability. It plays a biological role in regulating metal ion homeostasis and has therapeutic applications in treating metal poisoning, iron overload, and neurodegenerative diseases, with key medical uses including Wilson's disease and hemochromatosis management. | DUKE |
| Nitric-oxide-genic | | An agent that increases nitric oxide levels in the blood, acting as a vasodilator to improve blood flow. It plays a biological role in regulating vascular tone and has therapeutic applications in managing cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertension and angina, and erectile dysfunction. | DUKE |
| Ornithine-decarboxylase inhibitor | 23924 | An agent that blocks the activity of ornithine decarboxylase, an enzyme involved in cell growth and proliferation. It reduces polyamine synthesis, inhibiting tumor growth and proliferation. Therapeutically, it is used to treat cancer, particularly in combination with other therapies, and has potential applications in managing parasitic infections and skin disorders. | DUKE |
| Oviposition stimulant | | An agent that stimulates egg-laying, particularly in insects, by activating the ovipositor. Its biological role is to induce reproduction, and it has therapeutic applications in pest control and entomology. Key medical uses include managing insect populations and understanding reproductive biology. | DUKE |
| Pesticide | 25944 | An agent that kills or repels pests, playing a biological role in controlling insect, weed, and fungal populations. Therapeutically, pesticides have limited applications, but some are used to treat ectoparasitic infestations, such as lice and scabies. Key medical uses include topical treatments for head lice and scabies, highlighting their role in managing parasitic infections. | DUKE |
| Sunscreen | 52217 | A topical agent that blocks UV radiation, preventing skin damage and reducing the risk of skin cancer. Its therapeutic applications include protection against sunburn, photoaging, and photodermatoses. Key medical uses include prevention of melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma, as well as management of photosensitive disorders. | DUKE |
| Sweetener | 50505 | A substance that adds sweetness to food and beverages, often used as a sugar substitute. Its biological role is to stimulate taste receptors, while its therapeutic applications include managing calorie intake and blood sugar levels. Key medical uses include treating diabetes and obesity, as well as reducing tooth decay risk. | DUKE |
| Vulnerary | 73336 | An agent that promotes wound healing, tissue repair, and skin regeneration. It facilitates the biological process of recovery, reducing inflammation and infection. Therapeutically, vulneraries are used to treat cuts, burns, ulcers, and other skin injuries, supporting the body's natural healing mechanisms and minimizing scarring. | DUKE |
