1.0 2010-04-08 22:05:26 UTC 2020-09-17 15:31:12 UTC FDB002593 p-Coumaric acid trans-4-Coumaric acid or (e)-p-Coumaric acid, the trans-isomer of 4-coumaric acid, also known as 4-hydroxycinnamic acid, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as hydroxycinnamic acids. Hydroxycinnamic acids are compounds containing a cinnamic acid where the benzene ring is hydroxylated. 4-Hydroxycinnamic acid is a neutral compound. 4-Hydroxycinnamic acid exists in all living species, from bacteria to humans. 4-Hydroxycinnamic acid is found in highest concentrations in pepper (c. frutescens), pineapples, and sunflowers and in lower concentration in spinachs, kiwis, and sweet oranges. 4-Hydroxycinnamic acid has also been detected in wild rices, soursops, garden onions, hyssops, and avocado. This could make 4-hydroxycinnamic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. (2e)-3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)acrylate (2e)-3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)acrylic acid (e)-3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-propenoate (e)-3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-propenoic acid (e)-P-Coumarate (e)-P-Hydroxycinnamate 3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-propenoate 3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-propenoic acid 3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)acrylate 3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)acrylic acid 4-Coumarate 4-Coumaric acid 4-Hydroxy cinnamate 4-Hydroxy cinnamic acid 4-Hydroxycinnamate 4-Hydroxycinnamic acid 4-Hydroxyphenylpropenoate 4-Hydroxyphenylpropenoic acid 4'-HYDROXYCINNAMate 4'-HYDROXYCINNAMIC ACID b-[4-Hydroxyphenyl]acrylate b-[4-Hydroxyphenyl]acrylic acid beta-[4-Hydroxyphenyl]acrylate beta-[4-Hydroxyphenyl]acrylic acid Hydroxycinnamate Hydroxycinnamic acid Naringeninate Naringeninic acid p-Coumarate p-Coumaric acid p-Cumarate p-Cumaric acid p-Hydroxy-cinnamic acid p-Hydroxycinnamate P-Hydroxycinnamic acid p-Hydroxycinnamic acid, 8CI p-Hydroxyphenylacrylate p-Hydroxyphenylacrylic acid Para coumarate Para coumaric acid para-Coumarate para-Coumaric acid trans-P-Coumarinate C9H8O3 164.158 164.047344122 (2E)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoic acid coumaric acid 7400-08-0 OC(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 InChI=1S/C9H8O3/c10-8-4-1-7(2-5-8)3-6-9(11)12/h1-6,10H,(H,11,12)/b6-3+ NGSWKAQJJWESNS-ZZXKWVIFSA-N belongs to the class of organic compounds known as hydroxycinnamic acids. Hydroxycinnamic acids are compounds containing an cinnamic acid where the benzene ring is hydroxylated. Hydroxycinnamic acids Organic compounds Phenylpropanoids and polyketides Cinnamic acids and derivatives Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives Aromatic homomonocyclic compounds 1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoids Carbonyl compounds Carboxylic acids Cinnamic acids Coumaric acids Hydrocarbon derivatives Monocarboxylic acids and derivatives Organic oxides Styrenes 1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid Aromatic homomonocyclic compound Benzenoid Carbonyl group Carboxylic acid Carboxylic acid derivative Cinnamic acid Coumaric acid Coumaric acid or derivatives Hydrocarbon derivative Hydroxycinnamic acid Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives Monocyclic benzene moiety Organic oxide Organic oxygen compound Organooxygen compound Phenol Styrene 4-coumaric acid Paracoumaryl alcohol derivatives Solid logp 1.74 ALOGPS logs -2.21 ALOGPS solubility 1.02e+00 g/l ALOGPS melting_point 211.5 oC logp 1.83 ChemAxon pka_strongest_acidic 4 ChemAxon pka_strongest_basic -6 ChemAxon iupac (2E)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoic acid ChemAxon average_mass 164.158 ChemAxon mono_mass 164.047344122 ChemAxon smiles OC(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 ChemAxon formula C9H8O3 ChemAxon inchi InChI=1S/C9H8O3/c10-8-4-1-7(2-5-8)3-6-9(11)12/h1-6,10H,(H,11,12)/b6-3+ ChemAxon inchikey NGSWKAQJJWESNS-ZZXKWVIFSA-N ChemAxon polar_surface_area 57.53 ChemAxon refractivity 45.04 ChemAxon polarizability 16.43 ChemAxon rotatable_bond_count 2 ChemAxon acceptor_count 3 ChemAxon donor_count 2 ChemAxon physiological_charge -1 ChemAxon formal_charge 0 ChemAxon Specdb::EiMs 1872 Specdb::MsIr 1553 Specdb::MsIr 1554 Specdb::MsIr 1555 Specdb::NmrOneD 4900 Specdb::NmrOneD 4901 Specdb::NmrOneD 328032 Specdb::NmrOneD 328033 Specdb::NmrOneD 328034 Specdb::NmrOneD 328035 Specdb::NmrOneD 328036 Specdb::NmrOneD 328037 Specdb::NmrOneD 328038 Specdb::NmrOneD 328039 Specdb::NmrOneD 328040 Specdb::NmrOneD 328041 Specdb::NmrOneD 328042 Specdb::NmrOneD 328043 Specdb::NmrOneD 328044 Specdb::NmrOneD 328045 Specdb::NmrOneD 328046 Specdb::NmrOneD 328047 Specdb::NmrOneD 328048 Specdb::NmrOneD 328049 Specdb::NmrOneD 328050 Specdb::NmrOneD 328051 Specdb::MsMs 6485 Specdb::MsMs 6486 Specdb::MsMs 6487 Specdb::MsMs 6488 Specdb::MsMs 6489 Specdb::MsMs 6490 Specdb::MsMs 6492 Specdb::MsMs 6493 Specdb::MsMs 6494 Specdb::MsMs 6495 Specdb::MsMs 179817 Specdb::MsMs 179818 Specdb::MsMs 179819 Specdb::MsMs 182151 Specdb::MsMs 182152 Specdb::MsMs 182153 Specdb::MsMs 374051 Specdb::MsMs 374069 Specdb::MsMs 437395 Specdb::MsMs 437396 Specdb::MsMs 437397 Specdb::MsMs 437398 Specdb::MsMs 437399 Specdb::MsMs 439156 Specdb::MsMs 439266 Specdb::CMs 887 Specdb::CMs 1682 Specdb::CMs 3278 Specdb::CMs 28714 Specdb::CMs 29925 Specdb::CMs 30665 Specdb::CMs 31384 Specdb::CMs 32086 Specdb::CMs 38236 Specdb::CMs 163406 HMDB02035 HC4 #<Reference:0x00005636d1fe07f0> #<Reference:0x00005636d1fe0638> #<Reference:0x00005636d1fe0480> #<Reference:0x00005636d1fe02c8> Abiyuch Type 1 specific Crateva religiosa 202634 Acerola Type 1 specific Malpighia emarginata 151847 Acorn Type 1 specific Quercus 3511 Acorn squash Type 1 Cucurbita pepo var. turbinata Adzuki bean Type 1 specific Vigna angularis 3914 Agave Type 1 specific Agave 39509 Alaska blueberry Type 1 specific Vaccinium alaskaense 190544 Alaska wild rhubarb Type 1 specific Polygonum alpinum 125586 Albizia gummifera Type 1 Albizia gummifera Alfalfa Type 1 specific Medicago sativa 3879 Allium Type 1 specific Allium haematochiton 4678 Allspice Type 1 specific Pimenta dioica 375272 Almond Type 1 specific Prunus dulcis 3755 Alpine sweetvetch Type 1 specific Hedysarum alpinum 57576 Amaranth Type 1 specific Amaranthus 3564 American Chestnut Type 1 specific Castanea dentata 21019 American cranberry Type 1 specific Vaccinium macrocarpon 13750 18.865001 25.380001068 12.35 mg/100 g American pokeweed Type 1 specific Phytolacca americana 3527 Anatidae Type 1 specific Anatidae 8830 Angelica Type 1 specific Angelica keiskei 357850 Anise Type 1 specific Pimpinella anisum 271192 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Annual wild rice Type 1 specific Zizania aquatica 75727 Apple Type 1 specific Malus pumila 3750 2.65903 23.75 0.0 mg/100 g Apple cider Type 2 specific Apricot Type 1 specific Prunus armeniaca 36596 0.716525 1.182499975 0.474333336 mg/100 g Arabica coffee Type 1 specific Coffea arabica 13443 0.68 1.359999985 0.0 mg/100 g Arctic blackberry Type 1 specific Rubus arcticus 70741 Arrowhead Type 1 specific Sagittaria latifolia 15008 Arrowroot Type 1 specific Maranta arundinacea 210060 Asian pear Type 1 specific Pyrus pyrifolia 3767 Asparagus Type 1 specific Asparagus officinalis 4686 Avocado Type 1 specific Persea americana 3435 Babassu palm Type 1 specific Attalea speciosa 145700 Bagel Type 2 specific Bamboo shoots Type 1 specific Phyllostachys edulis 38705 Banana Type 1 specific Musa acuminata 4641 Barley Type 1 specific Hordeum vulgare 4513 Bayberry Type 1 specific Myrica 3509 Bean Type 1 specific Beech nut Type 1 specific Fagus 21024 Beefalo Type 1 specific Bos taurus X Bison bison 297284 Beer Type 2 specific 0.583212 1.67 0.0 mg/100 g Bilberry Type 1 specific Vaccinium myrtillus 180763 1.5 2.400000095 0.600000024 mg/100 g Bison Type 1 specific Bison bison 9901 Bitter gourd Type 1 specific Momordica charantia 3673 Black cabbage Type 1 specific Brassica oleracea var. viridis 3713 Black chokeberry Type 1 specific Photinia melanocarpa 661339 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Black crowberry Type 1 specific Empetrum nigrum 191066 Black elderberry Type 1 specific Sambucus nigra 4202 Black huckleberry Type 1 specific Gaylussacia baccata 128893 2.113333 2.113333305 2.113333305 mg/100 g Black mulberry Type 1 specific Morus nigra 85232 Black plum Type 1 Syzygium cumini Black radish Type 1 specific Raphanus sativus var. niger 41679 Black raisin Type 1 Black raspberry Type 1 specific Rubus occidentalis 75079 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Black salsify Type 1 specific Scorzonera hispanica 114289 Black tea Type 1 Camellia sinensis 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Black walnut Type 1 specific Juglans nigra 16719 Black-eyed pea Type 1 specific Vigna unguiculata ssp. unguiculata 3920 Blackberry Type 1 specific Rubus fruticosus 1.24 1.24 1.24 mg/100 g Blackcurrant Type 1 specific Ribes nigrum 78511 4.4 8.8 0.0 mg/100 g Blue lupin Type 1 specific Lupinus angustifolius 3869 Bog bilberry Type 1 specific Vaccinium uliginosum 190548 5.256667 5.256666819 5.256666819 mg/100 g Borage Type 1 specific Borago officinalis 13363 Boysenberry Type 1 specific Rubus ursinus X idaeus Brazil nut Type 1 specific Bertholletia excelsa 3645 Breadfruit Type 1 specific Artocarpus altilis 194251 Breadnut tree seed Type 1 specific Brosimum alicastrum 194253 Breakfast cereal Type 2 specific Broad bean Type 1 specific Vicia faba 3906 1.6 1.600000024 1.600000024 mg/100 g Broccoli Type 1 specific Brassica oleracea var. italica 36774 Brussel sprouts Type 1 specific Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera 178616 1.2 1.2 1.2 mg/100 g Buffalo Type 1 specific Bubalus bubalis 89462 Buffalo currant Type 1 specific Ribes aureum var. villosum 23283 Bulgur Type 2 specific Burdock Type 1 specific Arctium lappa 4217 Butternut Type 1 specific Juglans cinerea 91214 Butternut squash Type 1 specific Cucurbita moschata 3662 Cabbage Type 1 specific Brassica oleracea var. capitata 3716 0.475 0.475 0.475 mg/100 g Calabash Type 1 specific Lagenaria siceraria 3668 Canada blueberry Type 1 specific Vaccinium myrtilloides 1503870 Cannellini bean Type 1 Phaseolus vulgaris Canola Type 2 specific Brassica napus L. 138011 Cantaloupe melon Type 1 Cucumis melo var. cantalupensis Cape gooseberry Type 1 Physalis peruviana Capers Type 1 specific Capparis spinosa 65558 Caraway Type 1 specific Carum carvi 48032 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Cardamom Type 1 specific Elettaria cardamomum 105181 0.017 0.017000001 0.017000001 mg/100 g Cardoon Type 1 specific Cynara cardunculus 4265 Carob Type 1 specific Ceratonia siliqua 20340 Carrot Type 1 specific Daucus carota ssp. sativus 79200 0.0735 0.147 0.0 mg/100 g Cascade huckleberry Type 1 specific Vaccinium deliciosum 190531 1.665 1.665000051 1.665000051 mg/100 g Cashew nut Type 1 specific Anacardium occidentale 171929 Cassava Type 1 specific Manihot esculenta 3983 Castanospermum australe Type 1 Castanospermum australe Catjang pea Type 1 specific Vigna unguiculata ssp. cylindrica 3840 Cattle (Beef, Veal) Type 1 specific Bos taurus 9913 Cauliflower Type 1 specific Brassica oleracea var. botrytis 3715 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Celeriac Type 1 specific Apium graveolens var. rapaceum 278110 Celery leaves Type 1 Plant Apium graveolens var. secalinum 941588 Celery stalks Type 1 Plant Apium graveolens var. dulce 117781 Cereals and cereal products Unknown generic Ceylon cinnamon Type 1 specific Cinnamomum verum 128608 0.55 0.550000012 0.550000012 mg/100 g Chanterelle Type 1 Mushroom Cantharellus cibarius 36066 Chayote Type 1 specific Sechium edule 184140 Cherimoya Type 1 specific Annona cherimola 49314 Cherry tomato Type 1 specific Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme 195583 0.565 0.565000003 0.565000003 mg/100 g Chervil Type 1 specific Anthriscus cerefolium 40888 Chia Type 1 specific Salvia hispanica 49212 Chicken Type 1 specific Gallus gallus 9031 Chickpea Type 1 specific Cicer arietinum 3827 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Chicory Type 1 specific Cichorium intybus 13427 Chicory leaves Type 1 specific Cichorium intybus var. foliosum 13427 Chicory roots Type 1 specific Cichorium intybus var. sativum 13427 Chinese bayberry Type 1 specific Myrica rubra 262757 Chinese broccoli Type 1 specific Brassica alboglabra 3714 Chinese cabbage Type 1 specific Brassica rapa 3711 Chinese chestnut Type 1 specific Castanea mollissima 60419 Chinese chives Type 1 specific Allium tuberosum 4683 Chinese cinnamon Type 1 specific Cinnamomum aromaticum 119260 Chinese mustard Type 1 specific Brassica juncea 3707 Chinese plum Type 1 Chinese water chestnut Type 1 specific Eleocharis dulcis 110284 Chives Type 1 specific Allium schoenoprasum 74900 2.1 2.1 2.1 mg/100 g Cinnamon Type 1 specific Cinnamomum 13428 Clementine Type 1 Citrus clementina Climbing bean Type 1 specific Vigna umbellata 87088 Cloud ear fungus Type 1 specific Auricularia polytricha 29893 Cloudberry Type 1 specific Rubus chamaemorus 57936 4.3 4.300000191 4.300000191 mg/100 g Cloves Type 1 specific Syzygium aromaticum 219868 8.49 8.489999771 8.489999771 mg/100 g Cocoa bean Type 1 specific Theobroma cacao 3641 Cocoa powder Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Coconut Type 1 specific Cocos nucifera 13894 Coffee Type 1 generic Coffea 13442 0.68 1.359999985 0.0 mg/100 g Colorado pinyon Type 1 specific Pinus edulis 3340 Columbidae (Dove, Pigeon) Type 1 specific Columba 8930 Common bean Type 1 specific Phaseolus vulgaris 3885 6.743452 12.399999619 1.299999952 mg/100 g Common beet Type 1 specific Beta vulgaris 161934 Common buckwheat Type 1 specific Fagopyrum esculentum 3617 0.598747 1.720000029 0.01144 mg/100 g Common cabbage Type 1 specific Brassica oleracea 3712 Common chokecherry Type 1 specific Prunus virginiana 133204 Common grape Type 1 specific Vitis vinifera 29760 0.025 0.025000001 0.025000001 mg/100 g Common hazelnut Type 1 specific Corylus avellana 13451 Common mushroom Type 1 Mushroom Agaricus bisporus 5341 Common oregano Type 1 specific Origanum vulgare 39352 5.75 5.75 5.75 mg/100 g Common pea Type 1 specific Pisum sativum 3888 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Common persimmon Type 1 specific Diospyros virginiana 13493 Common sage Type 1 specific Salvia officinalis 38868 2.475 4.949999809 0.0 mg/100 g Common salsify Type 1 specific Tragopogon porrifolius 13731 Common thyme Type 1 specific Thymus vulgaris 49992 16.05 42.0 1.200000048 mg/100 g Common verbena Type 1 specific Verbena officinalis 79772 Common walnut Type 1 specific Juglans regia 51240 12.778667 38.0 0.136 mg/100 g Common wheat Type 1 specific Triticum aestivum 4565 0.6177 2.1 0.0 mg/100 g Coriander Type 1 specific Coriandrum sativum 4047 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Corn Type 1 specific Zea mays 4577 3.858778 12.838079929 0.1 mg/100 g Corn salad Type 1 specific Valerianella locusta 59166 Cornbread Type 2 specific Cornmint Type 1 Plant Mentha arvensis 292239 Cottonseed Type 1 specific Gossypium hirsutum 3633 Cowpea Type 1 specific Vigna unguiculata 3917 7.4 7.400000095 7.400000095 mg/100 g Crosne Type 1 Stachys affinis Cubanelle pepper Type 1 Capsicum annuum Cucumber Type 1 specific Cucumis sativus 3659 Cucurbita Type 1 specific Cucurbita 3660 0.018083 0.021166667 0.015 mg/100 g Cumin Type 1 specific Cuminum cyminum 52462 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Curry powder Type 2 specific Custard apple Type 1 specific Annona reticulata 301862 Daikon radish Type 1 specific Raphanus sativus var. longipinnatus 41679 Dandelion Type 1 specific Taraxacum officinale 50225 Date Type 1 specific Phoenix dactylifera 42345 4.33 5.769999862 2.889999986 mg/100 g Deer Type 1 specific Cervidae 9850 Deerberry Type 1 specific Vaccinium stamineum 176259 Dill Type 1 specific Anethum graveolens 40922 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Dock Type 1 specific Rumex crispus 3618 Domestic goat Type 1 Animal Capra aegagrus hircus 9925 Domestic pig Type 1 Animal Sus scrofa domesticus 9825 Durian Type 1 specific Durio zibethinus 66656 Eddoe Type 1 Colocasia antiquorum Eggplant Type 1 specific Solanum melongena 4111 0.0855 0.087333333 0.083666667 mg/100 g Elderberry Type 1 specific Sambucus 4201 Elk Type 1 specific Cervus canadensis 1574408 Elliott's blueberry Type 1 specific Vaccinium elliottii 283798 Emu Type 1 specific Dromaius novaehollandiae 8790 Endive Type 1 specific Cichorium endivia 114280 Enokitake Type 1 Mushroom Flammulina velutipes 38945 Epazote Type 1 specific Dysphania ambrosioides 330163 European chestnut Type 1 specific Castanea sativa 21020 European cranberry Type 1 specific Vaccinium oxycoccos 516948 6.0765 10.125 2.028000116 mg/100 g European plum Type 1 specific Prunus domestica 3758 0.671802 1.105405408 0.0 mg/100 g European rabbit Type 1 specific Oryctolagus cuniculus 9984 Evening primrose Type 1 specific Oenothera biennis 3942 Evergreen blackberry Type 1 specific Rubus laciniatus 1.24 1.24 1.24 mg/100 g Evergreen huckleberry Type 1 specific Vaccinium ovatum 84019 3.24 3.23999989 3.23999989 mg/100 g Feijoa Type 1 specific Feijoa sellowiana 260130 Fennel Type 1 specific Foeniculum vulgare 48038 1.825 3.650000095 0.0 mg/100 g Fenugreek Type 1 specific Trigonella foenum-graecum 78534 Fig Type 1 specific Ficus carica 3494 Fireweed Type 1 Plant Chamerion angustifolium 13055 Flaxseed Type 1 specific Linum usitatissimum 4006 Flour Type 2 specific Fox grape Type 1 specific Vitis labrusca 103355 French plantain Type 1 Plant Musa paradisiaca 89151 Fruit juice Type 2 specific Garden cress Type 1 specific Lepidium sativum 33125 Garden onion Type 1 specific Allium cepa 4679 Garden onion (var.) Type 1 specific Allium cepa var. cepa 4679 Garden rhubarb Type 1 specific Rheum rhabarbarum 3621 4.4 4.4 4.4 mg/100 g Garden tomato Type 1 specific Solanum lycopersicum 4081 Garden tomato (var.) Type 1 specific Solanum lycopersicum var. lycopersicum 397755 0.541438 0.950000014 0.132875 mg/100 g Garland chrysanthemum Type 1 specific Chrysanthemum coronarium 99038 Garlic Type 1 specific Allium sativum 4682 Gentiana lutea Type 1 Gentiana lutea German camomile Type 1 specific Matricaria recutita 127986 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Giant butterbur Type 1 specific Petasites japonicus 186965 Ginger Type 1 specific Zingiber officinale 94328 0.95 1.9 0.0 mg/100 g Ginkgo nuts Type 1 specific Ginkgo biloba 3311 Ginseng Type 1 specific Panax 4054 Globe artichoke Type 1 specific Cynara scolymus 59895 Goji Type 1 Gooseberry Type 1 specific Ribes uva-crispa 135518 Gram bean Type 1 specific Vigna mungo 3915 Grape Type 1 specific Vitis 3603 Grape wine Type 2 specific 0.778599 3.025492519 0.041500001 mg/100 g Grapefruit Type 1 specific Citrus X paradisi 37656 0.39 0.776000023 0.004 mg/100 g Grass pea Type 1 specific Lathyrus sativus 3860 Green apple Type 1 Green bean Type 1 specific Phaseolus vulgaris 3885 3.807143 3.807142905 3.807142905 mg/100 g Green bell pepper Type 1 specific Capsicum annuum 4072 7.9 7.9 7.9 mg/100 g Green cabbage Type 1 Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata L. f. alba DC. Green grape Type 1 Vitis vinifera Green lentil Type 1 Lens culinaris Green onion Type 1 Green plum Type 1 Green tea Type 1 Camellia sinensis 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Green zucchini Type 1 specific Cucurbita pepo var. cylindrica Greenthread tea Type 1 specific Thelesperma 153159 Greylag goose Type 1 specific Anser anser 8843 Groundcherry Type 1 specific Physalis 24663 Guarana Type 1 Paullinia cupana Guava Type 1 specific Psidium guajava 120290 Guinea hen Type 1 specific Numida meleagris 8996 Half-highbush blueberry Type 1 specific Vaccinium angustifolium X Vaccinium corymbosum 934696 0.446667 0.446666658 0.446666658 mg/100 g Hard wheat Type 1 Plant Triticum durum 4567 3.100167 3.100166758 3.100166758 mg/100 g Hawthorn Type 1 Crataegus Hazelnut Type 1 specific Corylus avellana 13450 Heart of palm Type 1 specific Hedge mustard Type 1 specific Sisymbrium officinale 3729 Herbal tea Type 1 Hibiscus tea Type 1 specific Hibiscus sabbariffa 183260 Hickory nut Type 1 specific Carya 13402 Highbush blueberry Type 1 specific Vaccinium corymbosum 69266 2.604036 4.775 0.0 mg/100 g Horned melon Type 2 Plant Cucumis metulifer 61886 Horse Type 1 specific Equus caballus 9796 Horseradish Type 1 specific Armoracia rusticana 3704 Horseradish tree Type 1 specific Moringa oleifera 3735 Hyacinth bean Type 1 specific Lablab purpureus 35936 Hyssop Type 1 specific Hyssopus officinalis 39324 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Iceberg lettuce Type 1 Lactuca sativa Italian oregano Type 1 specific Origanum X majoricum 1384207 Italian sweet red pepper Type 1 specific Capsicum annuum 4072 Jackfruit Type 1 specific Artocarpus heterophyllus 3489 Jalapeno pepper Type 1 Capsicum annuum 'Jalapeño' Japanese chestnut Type 1 specific Castanea crenata 103480 Japanese persimmon Type 1 specific Diospyros kaki 35925 Japanese pumpkin Type 1 specific Cucurbita maxima 3661 Japanese walnut Type 1 specific Juglans ailanthifolia 91209 Java plum Type 1 specific Syzygium cumini 260142 Jerusalem artichoke Type 1 specific Helianthus tuberosus 4233 Jew's ear Type 1 specific Auricularia auricula-judae 29892 Jicama Type 1 specific Pachyrhizus erosus 109171 Jostaberry Type 1 specific Ribes × nidigrolaria Jujube Type 1 specific Ziziphus jujuba 48393 Juniperus communis Type 1 Juniperus communis Jute Type 1 specific Corchorus olitorius 93759 Kai-lan Type 1 specific Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra 3714 Kale Type 1 specific Brassica napus var. pabularia Kiwi Type 1 specific Actinidia chinensis 3625 0.008333 0.010666667 0.006 mg/100 g Kohlrabi Type 1 specific Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes 109379 Komatsuna Type 1 specific Brassica rapa var. perviridis 344680 Kumquat Type 1 specific Fortunella 2706 Lambsquarters Type 1 specific Chenopodium album 3559 Lantern fruit Type 1 Physalis alkekengi Leek Type 1 specific Allium porrum Lemon Type 1 Plant Citrus limon 2708 5.4 5.4 5.4 mg/100 g Lemon balm Type 1 specific Melissa officinalis 39338 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Lemon grass Type 1 Plant Cymbopogon citratus 66014 Lemon thyme Type 1 specific Thymus pulegioides 751873 Lemon verbena Type 1 specific Aloysia citrodora 542672 Lentils Type 1 generic Lens culinaris 3864 0.507125 0.647000015 0.367249995 mg/100 g Lettuce Type 1 specific Lactuca sativa 4236 Lichee Type 1 specific Litchi chinensis 151069 Lima bean Type 1 specific Phaseolus lunatus 3884 4.9 4.900000095 4.900000095 mg/100 g Lime Type 1 Plant Citrus aurantiifolia 159033 Linden Type 1 specific Tilia 64580 Lingonberry Type 1 specific Vaccinium vitis-idaea 180772 3.935 3.934999943 3.934999943 mg/100 g Liquor Type 2 specific 0.2625 0.262499999 0.262499999 mg/100 g Loganberry Type 1 specific Rubus loganobaccus Longan Type 1 specific Dimocarpus longan 128017 Loquat Type 1 Plant Eriobotrya japonica 32224 Lotus Type 1 specific Nelumbo 4430 Lovage Type 1 specific Levisticum officinale 48042 Lowbush blueberry Type 1 specific Vaccinium angustifolium 472369 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Macadamia nut Type 1 specific Macadamia 4329 Macadamia nut (M. tetraphylla) Type 1 specific Macadamia tetraphylla 512563 Maitake Type 1 Mushroom Grifola frondosa 5627 Malabar plum Type 1 specific Syzygium jambos 334483 Malabar spinach Type 1 specific Basella alba 3589 Mallard duck Type 1 specific Anas platyrhynchos 8839 Malus (Crab apple) Type 1 specific Malus 3749 Mamey sapote Type 1 specific Pouteria sapota 233744 Mammee apple Type 1 specific Mammea americana 198777 Mandarin orange (Clementine, Tangerine) Type 1 specific Citrus reticulata 85571 Mango Type 1 specific Mangifera indica 29780 Mate Type 1 Ilex paraguariensis Medlar Type 1 specific Mespilus germanica 36616 Melogold Type 1 Plant Citrus paradisi X Citrus maxima 37656 Mentha Type 1 specific Mentha 21819 Mexican groundcherry Type 1 specific Physalis philadelphica var. immaculata 374021 Mexican oregano Type 1 specific Lippia graveolens Mikan Type 1 Citrus unshiu Milk (Cow) Type 2 specific Millet Type 1 specific Panicum miliaceum 4540 Miso Type 2 specific Monk fruit Type 1 Siraitia grosvenorii Morchella (Morel) Type 1 specific Morchellaceae 5192 Moth bean Type 1 specific Vigna aconitifolia 3918 Mountain hare Type 1 specific Lepus timidus 62621 Mountain yam Type 1 specific Dioscorea japonica 167592 Mugwort Type 1 specific Artemisia vulgaris 4220 Mulberry Type 1 specific Morus rubra 3497 Mule deer Type 1 specific Odocoileus hemionus 9871 Mundu Type 1 Garcinia dulcis Mung bean Type 1 specific Vigna radiata 157791 1.8 1.799999952 1.799999952 mg/100 g Muscadine grape Type 1 specific Vitis rotundifolia 103349 Muskmelon Type 1 specific Cucumis melo 3656 Mustard spinach Type 1 specific Brassica perviridis Nance Type 1 specific Byrsonima crassifolia 4270 Nanking cherry Type 1 specific Prunus tomentosa 105667 Napa cabbage Type 1 specific Brassica rapa var. pekinensis 51351 Naranjilla Type 1 specific Solanum quitoense 227725 Narrowleaf cattail Type 1 specific Typha angustifolia 59011 Natal plum Type 1 specific Carissa macrocarpa 403101 Nectarine Type 1 specific Prunus persica var. nucipersica 323851 New Zealand spinach Type 1 specific Tetragonia tetragonioides 45318 Nopal Type 1 specific Opuntia cochenillifera 338184 Nutmeg Type 1 specific Myristica fragrans 51089 0.079 0.140000001 0.018000001 mg/100 g Oat Type 1 specific Avena sativa 4498 0.13513 0.180000007 0.063000001 mg/100 g Oat bread Type 2 specific Ohelo berry Type 1 specific Vaccinium reticulatum 180767 Oil palm Type 1 specific Elaeis guineensis 51952 Okra Type 1 specific Abelmoschus esculentus 455045 Olive Type 1 specific Olea europaea 4146 5.158489 13.0 0.028454047 mg/100 g Opium poppy Type 1 specific Papaver somniferum 3469 Orange bell pepper Type 1 specific Capsicum annuum 4072 7.9 7.9 7.9 mg/100 g Orange mint Type 1 specific Mentha aquatica 190902 Oregon yampah Type 1 specific Perideridia oregana 234866 Oriental wheat Type 1 Plant Triticum turanicum 376534 Ostrich Type 1 specific Struthio camelus 8801 Ostrich fern Type 1 specific Matteuccia struthiopteris 3277 Oval-leaf huckleberry Type 1 specific Vaccinium ovalifolium 190544 2.393333 2.393333356 2.393333356 mg/100 g Oxheart cabbage Type 1 specific Brassica oleracea var. conica Oyster mushroom Type 1 Mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus 5322 Pak choy Type 1 specific Brassica rapa var. chinensis 93385 Papaya Type 1 specific Carica papaya 3649 Parsley Type 1 specific Petroselinum crispum 4043 0.4 0.400000006 0.400000006 mg/100 g Parsnip Type 1 specific Pastinaca sativa 4041 Partridge berry Type 1 Mitchella repens Passion fruit Type 1 specific Passiflora edulis 78168 Pasta Type 2 specific Pea shoots Type 1 Pisum sativum Peach Type 1 specific Prunus persica 3760 Peach (var.) Type 1 specific Prunus persica var. persica 323852 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Peanut Type 1 specific Arachis hypogaea 3818 3.665694 6.463499957 2.0 mg/100 g Pear Type 1 specific Pyrus communis 23211 2.547107 18.275 0.0 mg/100 g Pecan nut Type 1 specific Carya illinoinensis 32201 Pepper Type 1 specific Capsicum annuum 4072 7.9 7.9 7.9 mg/100 g Pepper (C. baccatum) Type 1 specific Capsicum baccatum var. baccatum 165788 Pepper (C. chinense) Type 1 specific Capsicum chinense 80379 Pepper (C. frutescens) Type 1 specific Capsicum frutescens 40321 54.0 54.0 54.0 mg/100 g Pepper (C. pubescens) Type 1 specific Capsicum pubescens 113210 Pepper (Capsicum) Type 1 specific Capsicum 4071 Pepper (Spice) Type 1 specific Piper nigrum 13216 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Peppermint Type 1 Plant Mentha piperita 34256 Persian lime Type 1 specific Citrus latifolia 200541 Persimmon Type 1 specific Diospyros 13492 Pheasant Type 1 specific Phasianus colchicus 9054 Pigeon pea Type 1 specific Cajanus cajan 3821 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Piki bread Type 2 specific Pili nut Type 1 specific Canarium ovatum 43691 Pine nut Type 1 specific Pinus 3337 Pineapple Type 1 specific Ananas comosus 4615 53.0 53.0 53.0 mg/100 g Pineappple sage Type 1 specific Salvia elegans 888065 Pistachio Type 1 specific Pistacia vera 55513 Pita bread Type 2 specific Pitanga Type 1 specific Eugenia uniflora 119951 Pitaya Type 1 Hylocereus undatus Plains prickly pear Type 1 specific Opuntia macrorhiza 1041245 Plantain Type 1 Musa × paradisiaca Pomegranate Type 1 specific Punica granatum 22663 0.006231 0.006230769 0.006230769 mg/100 g Pot marjoram Type 1 specific Origanum onites 452416 Potato Type 1 specific Solanum tuberosum 4113 0.4 0.4 0.4 mg/100 g Potato bread Type 2 specific Prairie turnip Type 1 specific Pediomelum esculentum 458363 Prickly pear Type 1 specific Opuntia 106975 Prunus (Cherry, Plum) Type 1 specific Prunus 3754 Pummelo Type 1 specific Citrus maxima 37334 Purple mangosteen Type 1 specific Garcinia mangostana 58228 Purslane Type 1 specific Portulaca oleracea 46147 Quail Type 1 specific Phasianidae 9005 Quince Type 1 specific Cydonia oblonga 36610 Quinoa Type 1 specific Chenopodium quinoa 63459 Rabbit Type 1 specific Leporidae 9979 Rabbiteye blueberry Type 1 specific Vaccinium virgatum 7.89 7.89 7.89 mg/100 g Radish Type 1 specific Raphanus raphanistrum subsp sativus 3726 9.1 9.1 9.1 mg/100 g Radish (var.) Type 1 specific Raphanus sativus var. sativus 240228 Raisin bread Type 2 specific Rambutan Type 1 specific Nephelium lappaceum 151071 Rapeseed Type 1 specific Brassica napus var. napus 138011 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Rapini Type 1 Plant Brassica ruvo 1204434 Red beetroot Type 1 specific Beta vulgaris var. rubra Red bell pepper Type 1 specific Capsicum annuum 4072 7.9 7.9 7.9 mg/100 g Red clover Type 1 Trifolium pratense Red grape Type 1 Vitis vinifera Red huckleberry Type 1 specific Vaccinium parvifolium 180766 9.72 9.71999979 9.71999979 mg/100 g Red onion Type 1 Allium cepa Red raspberry Type 1 specific Rubus idaeus 32247 0.838612 1.35 0.0006355 mg/100 g Red rice Type 1 Plant Oryza rufipogon 4529 Red tea Type 1 Aspalathus linearis Redcurrant Type 1 specific Ribes rubrum 175228 0.189 0.188999996 0.188999996 mg/100 g Rice Type 1 specific Oryza sativa 4530 0.1083 0.193 0.0245 mg/100 g Rice bread Type 2 specific Robusta coffee Type 1 specific Coffea canephora 49390 0.68 1.359999985 0.0 mg/100 g Rock ptarmigan Type 1 specific Lagopus muta 64668 Rocket salad (ssp.) Type 1 specific Eruca vesicaria ssp. sativa 29727 Romaine lettuce Type 1 specific Lactuca sativa L. var. longifolia Roman camomile Type 1 specific Chamaemelum nobile 99037 Rose hip Type 1 specific Rosa 3764 Roselle Type 1 specific Hibiscus sabdariffa 183260 Rosemary Type 1 specific Rosmarinus officinalis 39367 1.833333 3.666666667 0.0 mg/100 g Rowal Type 1 Plant Pangium edule 112823 Rowanberry Type 1 specific Sorbus aucuparia 36599 Rubus (Blackberry, Raspberry) Type 1 specific Rubus 23216 0.62 1.23999997 0.0 mg/100 g Rye Type 1 specific Secale cereale 4550 1.5387 4.05000003 0.228899998 mg/100 g Rye bread Type 2 specific 1.6 3.200000048 0.0 mg/100 g Sacred lotus Type 1 specific Nelumbo nucifera 4432 Safflower Type 1 specific Carthamus tinctorius 4222 Saffron Type 1 specific Crocus sativus 82528 Sago palm Type 1 specific Metroxylon sagu 93297 Salmonberry Type 1 specific Rubus spectabilis 59499 Sapodilla Type 1 specific Manilkara zapota 3741 Saskatoon berry Type 1 specific Amelanchier alnifolia 32219 Savoy cabbage Type 1 specific Brassica oleracea var. sabauda 1216010 Scarlet bean Type 1 specific Phaseolus coccineus 3886 Sea-buckthornberry Type 1 specific Hippophae rhamnoides 193516 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Semolina Type 2 specific Sesame Type 1 specific Sesamum indicum 4182 Sesbania flower Type 1 specific Sesbania bispinosa 485725 Shallot Type 1 specific Allium ascalonicum 1476995 Sheep (Mutton, Lamb) Type 1 specific Ovis aries 9940 Sherry Type 2 specific 0.025878 0.025877778 0.025877778 mg/100 g Shiitake Type 1 Mushroom Lentinus edodes 5353 Silver linden Type 1 specific Tilia tomentosa 1.2 1.200000048 1.200000048 mg/100 g Skunk currant Type 1 specific Ribes glandulosum 175226 Small-leaf linden Type 1 specific Tilia cordata 172266 Soft-necked garlic Type 1 specific Allium sativum L. var. sativum 4682 5.8 5.8 5.8 mg/100 g Sorghum Type 1 specific Sorghum bicolor 4558 Sorrel Type 1 specific Rumex acetosa 41241 Sour cherry Type 1 specific Prunus cerasus 140311 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Sour orange Type 1 Citrus aurantium Sourdock Type 1 specific Rumex articus 395311 Sourdough Type 2 specific Soursop Type 1 specific Annona muricata 13337 Soy bean Type 1 specific Glycine max 3847 3.1505 9.399999619 0.0015 mg/100 g Soy cream Type 2 specific Soy milk Type 2 specific Soy sauce Type 2 specific Sparkleberry Type 1 specific Vaccinium arboreum 229201 Spearmint Type 1 specific Mentha spicata 29719 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Spelt Type 1 specific Triticum spelta 58933 Spinach Type 1 specific Spinacia oleracea 3562 13.3 13.3 13.3 mg/100 g Squab Type 1 specific Columba 8931 Squashberry Type 1 specific Viburnum edule 237934 Star anise Type 1 specific Illicium verum 124778 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Star fruit Type 1 specific Averrhoa carambola 28974 Strawberry Type 1 specific Fragaria ananassa 3747 3.661926 8.8 0.207999984 mg/100 g Strawberry guava Type 1 specific Psidium cattleianum 375274 Sugar apple Type 1 specific Annona squamosa 301693 Summer grape Type 1 specific Vitis aestivalis 3605 Summer savory Type 1 specific Satureja hortensis 49987 Sunburst squash (pattypan squash) Type 1 specific Cucurbita pepo var. clypeata Sunflower Type 1 specific Helianthus annuus 4232 50.55 100.0 1.1 mg/100 g Swamp cabbage Type 1 specific Ipomoea aquatica 89636 Swede Type 1 specific Brassica napus subsp. rapifera 3708 Sweet basil Type 1 specific Ocimum basilicum 39350 25.333333 76.0 0.0 mg/100 g Sweet bay Type 1 specific Laurus nobilis 85223 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Sweet cherry Type 1 specific Prunus avium 42229 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Sweet marjoram Type 1 specific Origanum majorana 268884 1.2 2.400000095 0.0 mg/100 g Sweet orange Type 1 specific Citrus sinensis 2711 1.826371 2.919230782 1.1 mg/100 g Sweet potato Type 1 specific Ipomoea batatas 4120 Sweet rowanberry Type 1 specific Grataegosorbus mitschurinii Swiss chard Type 1 specific Beta vulgaris ssp. cicla 1527200 6.625 10.399999619 3.700000048 mg/100 g Taco shell Type 2 Tamarind Type 1 specific Tamarindus indica 58860 Taro Type 1 specific Colocasia esculenta 4460 Tarragon Type 1 specific Artemisia dracunculus 72341 Tartary buckwheat Type 1 specific Fagopyrum tataricum 62330 Tea Type 1 Plant Camellia sinensis 4442 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Tea leaf willow Type 1 specific Salix pulchra 669814 Teff Type 1 specific Eragrostis tef 110835 Thistle Type 1 specific Cirsium 41549 Tinda Type 1 specific Citrullus lanatus var. fistulosus Tofu Type 2 specific Tortilla Type 2 specific Tostada shell Type 2 Towel gourd Type 1 specific Luffa aegyptiaca 3670 Tree fern Type 1 specific Cyathea Triticale Type 1 specific Triticosecale rimpaui Tronchuda cabbage Type 1 specific Brassica oleracea var. costata 416546 Turkey Type 1 specific Meleagris gallopavo 9103 Turmeric Type 1 specific Curcuma longa 136217 34.5 34.5 34.5 mg/100 g Turnip Type 1 specific Brassica rapa var. rapa 51350 Vaccinium (Blueberry, Cranberry, Huckleberry) Type 1 specific Vaccinium 13749 Vanilla Type 1 specific Vanilla 51238 Velvet duck Type 1 specific Melanitta fusca 371864 Vinegar Type 2 specific 0.288279 0.288278613 0.288278613 mg/100 g Walnut Type 1 specific Juglans regia 16718 Wampee Type 1 Clausena lansium Wasabi Type 1 specific Eutrema japonicum 75806 Water spinach Type 1 Ipomoea aquatica Watercress Type 1 specific Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum 135518 Watermelon Type 1 specific Citrullus lanatus 3654 Wax apple Type 1 specific Syzygium samarangense 119950 Wax gourd Type 1 specific Benincasa hispida 102211 Welsh onion Type 1 specific Allium fistulosum 35875 Wheat Type 1 specific Triticum 4564 Wheat bread Type 2 specific White bread Type 1 White cabbage Type 1 specific Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata L. f. alba DC. 0.475 0.475 0.475 mg/100 g White lupine Type 1 specific Lupinus albus 3870 White mulberry Type 1 Morus alba White mustard Type 1 specific Sinapis alba 3728 White wine Type 2 1.99 2.1 1.88 mg/100 g Wild boar Type 1 specific Sus scrofa 9823 Wild carrot Type 1 specific Daucus carota 4039 Wild celery Type 1 specific Angelica archangelica 4045 Wild leek Type 1 specific Allium ampeloprasum 4681 Wild rice Type 1 specific Zizania aquatica 15949 Winged bean Type 1 specific Psophocarpus tetragonolobus 3891 Winter savory Type 1 specific Satureja montana 49988 Winter squash Type 1 specific Cucurbita maxima 3661 Wonton wrapper Type 2 specific Yali pear Type 1 specific Pyrus bretschneideri Yam Type 1 specific Dioscorea 4672 Yardlong bean Type 1 specific Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis 138955 Yau choy Type 1 Brassica rapa var. parachinensis Yautia Type 1 specific Xanthosoma sagittifolium 28478 Yellow bell pepper Type 1 specific Capsicum annuum 4072 7.9 7.9 7.9 mg/100 g Yellow pond-lily Type 1 specific Nuphar lutea 77113 Yellow wax bean Type 1 specific Phaseolus vulgaris 3885 3.807143 3.807142905 3.807142905 mg/100 g Yellow zucchini Type 1 specific Cucurbita pepo var. cylindrica Zwieback Type 2 specific Aldose reductase inhibitor 40 An EC 1.1.1.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-OH group, NAD(+) or NADP(+) acceptor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of aldehyde reductase (EC 1.1.1.21). Allelopathic 42 Anti bacterial 145 A substance that kills or slows the growth of bacteria. Anti hepatotoxic 328 Any compound that is able to prevent damage to the liver. Anti leukemic 393 A substance that inhibits or prevents the proliferation of neoplasms. Anti peroxidant 519 Anti septic 603 A substance that kills or slows the growth of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoans. Anti-clastogen 188 Anti-fertility 276 Anti-nitrosaminic 480 Anti-oxidant 502 A substance that opposes oxidation or inhibits reactions brought about by dioxygen or peroxides. In European countries, E-numbers for permitted antioxidant food additives are from E 300 to E 324. Anti-spasmodic 619 Any substance introduced into a living organism with therapeutic or diagnostic purpose. Antitumor 672 A substance that inhibits or prevents the proliferation of neoplasms. Cancer preventive 754 A substance that inhibits or prevents the proliferation of neoplasms. Chemopreventive 796 A substance that inhibits or prevents the proliferation of neoplasms. Choleretic 801 Cytotoxic 859 A role played by the molecular entity or part thereof which causes the development of a pathological process. Diaphoretic 879 Fungicide 940 A substance used to destroy fungal pests. Lipoxygenase inhibitor 1077 A compound or agent that combines with lipoxygenase and thereby prevents its substrate-enzyme combination with arachidonic acid and the formation of the icosanoid products hydroxyicosatetraenoic acid and various leukotrienes. Pesticide 1210 Strictly, a substance intended to kill pests. In common usage, any substance used for controlling, preventing, or destroying animal, microbiological or plant pests. Prostaglandigenic 1254 Prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor 1258 A substance that diminishes the rate of a chemical reaction. Tyrosinase inhibitor 1389 Any EC 1.14.18.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, miscellaneous compound as one donor, incorporating 1 atom of oxygen) inhibitor that interferes with the action of tyrosinase (monophenol monooxygenase), EC 1.14.18.1, an enzyme that catalyses the oxidation of phenols (such as tyrosine) and is widespread in plants and animals.