| Record Information |
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| Version | 1.0 |
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| Creation date | 2010-04-08 22:05:51 UTC |
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| Update date | 2024-11-29 22:25:56 UTC |
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| Primary ID | FDB003554 |
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| Secondary Accession Numbers | Not Available |
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| Chemical Information |
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| FooDB Name | Adenosine |
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| Description | Adenosine, also known as adenocard or ade-rib, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as purine nucleosides. Purine nucleosides are compounds comprising a purine base attached to a ribosyl or deoxyribosyl moiety. A ribonucleoside composed of a molecule of adenine attached to a ribofuranose moiety via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond. Adenosine is a drug which is used as an initial treatment for the termination of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (pvst), including that associated with accessory bypass tracts, and is a drug of choice for terminating stable, narrow-complex supraventricular tachycardias (svt). also used as an adjunct to thallous chloride ti 201 myocardial perfusion scintigraphy (thallium stress test) in patients who are unable to exercise adequately, as well as an adjunct to vagal maneuvers and clinical assessment to establish a specific diagnosis of undefined, stable, narrow-complex svt. Adenosine is a strong basic compound (based on its pKa). Adenosine exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. Within humans, adenosine participates in a number of enzymatic reactions. In particular, adenosine can be converted into inosine; which is mediated by the enzyme adenosine deaminase. In addition, adenosine can be converted into adenine and ribose 1-phosphate; which is mediated by the enzyme purine nucleoside phosphorylase. In humans, adenosine is involved in thioguanine action pathway. Outside of the human body, Adenosine is found, on average, in the highest concentration within beers and milk (cow). Adenosine has also been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as capers, new zealand spinachs, welsh onions, hickory nuts, and pepper (spice). This could make adenosine a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Adenosine is a potentially toxic compound. |
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| CAS Number | 58-61-7 |
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| Structure | |
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| Synonyms | | Synonym | Source |
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| (2R,3R,4S,5R)-2-(6-Aminopurin-9-yl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolane-3,4-diol | ChEBI | | 6-Amino-9-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-9H-purine | ChEBI | | 9-beta-D-Ribofuranosidoadenine | ChEBI | | 9-beta-D-Ribofuranosyl-9H-purin-6-amine | ChEBI | | Ade-rib | ChEBI | | Adenine deoxyribonucleoside | ChEBI | | Adenocard | ChEBI | | Adenocor | ChEBI | | Adenoscan | ChEBI | | Adenosin | ChEBI | | Adenyldeoxyriboside | ChEBI | | Ado | ChEBI | | beta-D-Adenosine | ChEBI | | Deoxyadenosine | ChEBI | | Desoxyadenosine | ChEBI | | 6-Amino-9-b-D-ribofuranosyl-9H-purine | Generator | | 6-Amino-9-β-D-ribofuranosyl-9H-purine | Generator | | 9-b-D-Ribofuranosidoadenine | Generator | | 9-Β-D-ribofuranosidoadenine | Generator | | 9-b-D-Ribofuranosyl-9H-purin-6-amine | Generator | | 9-Β-D-ribofuranosyl-9H-purin-6-amine | Generator | | b-D-Adenosine | Generator | | Β-D-adenosine | Generator | | 1-(6-Amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-1-deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranose | HMDB | | 1-(6-Amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-1-deoxy-beta-delta-ribofuranose | HMDB | | 6-Amino-9beta-D-ribofuranosyl-9H-purine | HMDB | | 6-Amino-9beta-delta-ribofuranosyl-9H-purine | HMDB | | 9-beta-D-Arabinofuranosyladenine | HMDB | | 9-beta-D-Ribofuranosyladenine | HMDB | | 9-beta-delta-Arabinofuranosyladenine | HMDB | | 9-beta-delta-Ribofuranosidoadenine | HMDB | | 9-beta-delta-Ribofuranosyl-9H-purin-6-amine | HMDB | | 9-beta-delta-Ribofuranosyladenine | HMDB | | 9beta-D-Ribofuranosyl-9H-purin-6-amine | HMDB | | 9beta-D-Ribofuranosyladenine | HMDB | | 9beta-delta-Ribofuranosyl-9H-purin-6-amine | HMDB | | 9beta-delta-Ribofuranosyladenine | HMDB | | Adenine nucleoside | HMDB | | Adenine riboside | HMDB | | Adenine-9beta-D-ribofuranoside | HMDB | | Adenine-9beta-delta-ribofuranoside | HMDB | | beta-Adenosine | HMDB | | beta-delta-Adenosine | HMDB | | Boniton | HMDB | | Myocol | HMDB | | Nucleocardyl | HMDB | | Sandesin | HMDB | | 1-(6-amino-9H-Purin-9-yl)-1-deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranose | HMDB | | 1-(6-amino-9H-Purin-9-yl)-1-deoxy-beta-delta-ribofuranose | HMDB | | 4-Aminopyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine ribonucleoside | biospider | | 6-amino-9-b-D-Ribofuranosyl-9H-purine | Generator | | 6-amino-9-β-D-ribofuranosyl-9H-purine | Generator | | 6-Amino-9β-D-ribofuranosyl-9H-purine | biospider | | 6-amino-9beta-D-Ribofuranosyl-9H-purine | HMDB | | 6-amino-9beta-delta-Ribofuranosyl-9H-purine | HMDB | | 9-β-D-Ribofuranosidoadenine | biospider | | 9-β-D-Ribofuranosyl-9H-purin-6-amine | biospider | | 9-β-d-Ribofuranosyladenine | biospider | | 9-beta-d-ribofuranosyladenine | biospider | | 9-β-D-ribofuranosidoadenine | Generator | | 9-β-D-ribofuranosyl-9H-purin-6-amine | Generator | | 9beta-D-ribofuranosyl-9H-Purin-6-amine | biospider | | 9beta-delta-ribofuranosyl-9H-Purin-6-amine | biospider | | 9H-Purin-6-amine, 9β-D-ribofuranosyl- | biospider | | 9H-Purin-6-amine, 9beta-D-ribofuranosyl- | biospider | | Adenine-9-beta-D-ribofuranoside | biospider | | Adenine-d-ribose | biospider | | Beta-adenosine | biospider | | Beta-d-adenosine | biospider | | beta-D-Ribofuranoside, adenine-9 | biospider | | Beta-delta-adenosine | biospider | | β-D-adenosine | Generator |
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| Predicted Properties | |
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| Chemical Formula | C10H13N5O4 |
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| IUPAC name | (2R,3R,4S,5R)-2-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolane-3,4-diol |
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| InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C10H13N5O4/c11-8-5-9(13-2-12-8)15(3-14-5)10-7(18)6(17)4(1-16)19-10/h2-4,6-7,10,16-18H,1H2,(H2,11,12,13)/t4-,6-,7-,10-/m1/s1 |
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| InChI Key | OIRDTQYFTABQOQ-KQYNXXCUSA-N |
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| Isomeric SMILES | NC1=C2N=CN([C@@H]3O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H]3O)C2=NC=N1 |
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| Average Molecular Weight | 267.2413 |
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| Monoisotopic Molecular Weight | 267.096753929 |
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| Classification |
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| Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as purine nucleosides. Purine nucleosides are compounds comprising a purine base attached to a ribosyl or deoxyribosyl moiety. |
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| Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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| Super Class | Nucleosides, nucleotides, and analogues |
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| Class | Purine nucleosides |
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| Sub Class | Not Available |
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| Direct Parent | Purine nucleosides |
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| Alternative Parents | |
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| Substituents | - Purine nucleoside
- Glycosyl compound
- N-glycosyl compound
- 6-aminopurine
- Pentose monosaccharide
- Imidazopyrimidine
- Purine
- Aminopyrimidine
- Monosaccharide
- N-substituted imidazole
- Pyrimidine
- Imidolactam
- Tetrahydrofuran
- Azole
- Imidazole
- Heteroaromatic compound
- Secondary alcohol
- Organoheterocyclic compound
- Azacycle
- Oxacycle
- Organic oxygen compound
- Organic nitrogen compound
- Alcohol
- Organonitrogen compound
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Organopnictogen compound
- Organooxygen compound
- Amine
- Primary alcohol
- Primary amine
- Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound
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| Molecular Framework | Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds |
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| External Descriptors | |
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| Ontology |
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| Physiological effect | Health effect: |
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| Disposition | Route of exposure: Source: Biological location: |
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| Role | Indirect biological role: Biological role: Industrial application: |
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| Physico-Chemical Properties |
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| Physico-Chemical Properties - Experimental | | Property | Value | Reference |
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| Physical state | Solid | |
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| Physical Description | Not Available | |
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| Mass Composition | Not Available | |
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| Melting Point | 235.5 oC | |
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| Boiling Point | Not Available | |
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| Experimental Water Solubility | Not Available | |
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| Experimental logP | -1.05 | HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995) |
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| Experimental pKa | Not Available | |
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| Isoelectric point | Not Available | |
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| Charge | 0 | |
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| Optical Rotation | Not Available | |
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| Spectroscopic UV Data | Not Available | |
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| Density | Not Available | |
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| Refractive Index | Not Available | |
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| Spectra |
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| Spectra | |
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| EI-MS/GC-MS | | Type | Description | Splash Key | View |
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| GC-MS | Adenosine, 4 TMS, GC-MS Spectrum | splash10-0f7w-1890000000-5c70a5423faa5e8eceaf | Spectrum | | GC-MS | Adenosine, 4 TMS, GC-MS Spectrum | splash10-001v-0691000000-8f88854b7d5adec5c558 | Spectrum | | GC-MS | Adenosine, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrum | splash10-001s-0790000000-cc3bcd977e11efd4ea25 | Spectrum | | GC-MS | Adenosine, 4 TMS, GC-MS Spectrum | splash10-00di-9460000000-3ae19bfaa5d2df72f9b1 | Spectrum | | GC-MS | Adenosine, 3 TMS, GC-MS Spectrum | splash10-0gc0-0590000000-05874cecded3009c1f4d | Spectrum | | GC-MS | Adenosine, 4 TMS, GC-MS Spectrum | splash10-0fsv-1792000000-b37fd6826f28aaf9e825 | Spectrum | | GC-MS | Adenosine, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrum | splash10-0f7w-1890000000-5c70a5423faa5e8eceaf | Spectrum | | GC-MS | Adenosine, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrum | splash10-001v-0691000000-8f88854b7d5adec5c558 | Spectrum | | GC-MS | Adenosine, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrum | splash10-001s-0790000000-cc3bcd977e11efd4ea25 | Spectrum | | GC-MS | Adenosine, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrum | splash10-00di-9460000000-3ae19bfaa5d2df72f9b1 | Spectrum | | GC-MS | Adenosine, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrum | splash10-0gc0-0590000000-05874cecded3009c1f4d | Spectrum | | GC-MS | Adenosine, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrum | splash10-0fsv-1792000000-b37fd6826f28aaf9e825 | Spectrum | | Predicted GC-MS | Adenosine, non-derivatized, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive | splash10-0a4v-9560000000-986f3b1dfa5d898ed7a2 | Spectrum | | Predicted GC-MS | Adenosine, 3 TMS, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive | splash10-01c4-6912500000-ae103f43432726c1ad22 | Spectrum | | Predicted GC-MS | Adenosine, non-derivatized, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | Spectrum | | Predicted GC-MS | Adenosine, TMS_1_1, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | Spectrum | | Predicted GC-MS | Adenosine, TMS_1_2, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | Spectrum | | Predicted GC-MS | Adenosine, TMS_1_3, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | Spectrum | | Predicted GC-MS | Adenosine, TMS_1_4, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | Spectrum | | Predicted GC-MS | Adenosine, TMS_2_1, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | Spectrum | | Predicted GC-MS | Adenosine, TMS_2_2, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | Spectrum | | Predicted GC-MS | Adenosine, TMS_2_3, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | Spectrum | | Predicted GC-MS | Adenosine, TMS_2_4, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | Spectrum | | Predicted GC-MS | Adenosine, TMS_2_5, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | Spectrum | | Predicted GC-MS | Adenosine, TMS_2_6, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | Spectrum |
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| MS/MS | | Type | Description | Splash Key | View |
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| MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 10V, Positive (Annotated) | splash10-014r-0890000000-588861a9494ab4680698 | 2012-07-24 | View Spectrum | | MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 25V, Positive (Annotated) | splash10-000i-1900000000-dd7cbed8e76c6e783831 | 2012-07-24 | View Spectrum | | MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 40V, Positive (Annotated) | splash10-000i-2900000000-c6644520b5943b59403d | 2012-07-24 | View Spectrum | | MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive | splash10-014i-0090000000-3d4fd8ea211eaed10531 | 2012-08-31 | View Spectrum | | MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive | splash10-000i-0900000000-cb58ec56a5faa09c9a02 | 2012-08-31 | View Spectrum | | MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive | splash10-000i-0900000000-9559aa07ec13a688fb16 | 2012-08-31 | View Spectrum | | MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive | splash10-000i-0900000000-f7c1371d8e1058df3a32 | 2012-08-31 | View Spectrum | | MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 10V, Negative | splash10-001i-0940000000-da71247788bf1ba222e2 | 2012-08-31 | View Spectrum | | MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 20V, Negative | splash10-001i-0920000000-f2e8ec028abdd674b5e3 | 2012-08-31 | View Spectrum | | MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 30V, Negative | splash10-001i-0910000000-815ed65588c07415cd65 | 2012-08-31 | View Spectrum | | MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 40V, Negative | splash10-001i-1910000000-2780e737da8848411c4f | 2012-08-31 | View Spectrum | | MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 50V, Negative | splash10-053r-1900000000-c6c1128990661334c15b | 2012-08-31 | View Spectrum | | MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 10V, Positive | splash10-014i-0090000000-106e7131507fadd4befb | 2012-08-31 | View Spectrum | | MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 20V, Positive | splash10-000i-0910000000-1c53823486cd2c23f90e | 2012-08-31 | View Spectrum | | MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 30V, Positive | splash10-000i-0900000000-f0313435db4847490fd6 | 2012-08-31 | View Spectrum | | MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 40V, Positive | splash10-000i-1900000000-dcd4c2972882dcd7535a | 2012-08-31 | View Spectrum | | MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 50V, Positive | splash10-000i-2900000000-5ee474864189cef6df64 | 2012-08-31 | View Spectrum | | MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-IT (LC/MSD Trap XCT, Agilent Technologies) , Positive | splash10-000i-0900000000-17edf36faf6eb5750912 | 2012-08-31 | View Spectrum | | MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-IT (LC/MSD Trap XCT, Agilent Technologies) , Positive | splash10-000i-0900000000-0591143763a0bad31c23 | 2012-08-31 | View Spectrum | | MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF (UPLC Q-Tof Premier, Waters) , Positive | splash10-014i-0290000000-f1d71a97ce39145c8e31 | 2012-08-31 | View Spectrum | | MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF (UPLC Q-Tof Premier, Waters) 30V, Positive | splash10-00kr-0950000000-9bbdbb14aed287ad5ac8 | 2012-08-31 | View Spectrum | | MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF (UPLC Q-Tof Premier, Waters) , Negative | splash10-001i-0910000000-35f90965f1f3c2b3236b | 2012-08-31 | View Spectrum | | MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF (UPLC Q-Tof Premier, Waters) , Positive | splash10-000i-0900000000-f360cca994696d7ae735 | 2012-08-31 | View Spectrum | | Predicted MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive | splash10-000i-0940000000-42bee9785f9b55b32eea | 2016-09-12 | View Spectrum | | Predicted MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive | splash10-000i-0900000000-c8cda6a661ace060572c | 2016-09-12 | View Spectrum |
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| NMR | | Type | Description | | View |
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| 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H2O, experimental) | | Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 125 MHz, H2O, experimental) | | Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted) | | Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted) | | Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted) | | Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted) | | Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted) | | Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted) | | Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted) | | Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted) | | Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted) | | Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted) | | Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted) | | Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted) | | Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted) | | Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted) | | Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted) | | Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted) | | Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted) | | Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted) | | Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted) | | Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted) | | Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, H2O, experimental) | | Spectrum | | 2D NMR | [1H, 1H]-TOCSY. Unexported temporarily by An Chi on Oct 15, 2021 until json or nmrML file is generated. 2D NMR Spectrum (experimental) | | Spectrum | | 2D NMR | [1H, 13C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 400 MHz, H2O, experimental) | | Spectrum |
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| External Links |
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| ChemSpider ID | 54923 |
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| ChEMBL ID | CHEMBL477 |
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| KEGG Compound ID | C00212 |
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| Pubchem Compound ID | 60961 |
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| Pubchem Substance ID | Not Available |
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| ChEBI ID | 16335 |
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| Phenol-Explorer ID | Not Available |
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| DrugBank ID | DB00640 |
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| HMDB ID | HMDB00050 |
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| CRC / DFC (Dictionary of Food Compounds) ID | Not Available |
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| EAFUS ID | Not Available |
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| Dr. Duke ID | ADENOSINE |
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| BIGG ID | 34273 |
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| KNApSAcK ID | C00007444 |
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| HET ID | ADN |
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| Food Biomarker Ontology | Not Available |
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| VMH ID | Not Available |
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| Flavornet ID | Not Available |
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| GoodScent ID | Not Available |
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| SuperScent ID | Not Available |
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| Wikipedia ID | Adenosine |
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| Phenol-Explorer Metabolite ID | Not Available |
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| Duplicate IDS | Not Available |
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| Old DFC IDS | Not Available |
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| Associated Foods |
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| Food | Content Range | Average | Reference |
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| Food | | | Reference |
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| Biological Effects and Interactions |
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| Health Effects / Bioactivities | | Descriptor | ID | Definition | Reference |
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| Analgesic | 35480 | An agent that relieves pain by reducing or blocking pain signals in the brain, commonly used to manage acute or chronic pain, inflammation, and fever, with therapeutic applications in surgery, injury, and disease treatment. | DUKE | | Anti-aggregant | | An agent that prevents platelet aggregation, reducing blood clot formation. Its biological role is to inhibit platelet activation, and its therapeutic applications include preventing thrombosis and stroke. Key medical uses include treating cardiovascular diseases, such as myocardial infarction and atrial fibrillation, and managing conditions that increase the risk of blood clots. | DUKE | | Anti-arrhythmic | 38070 | An agent that regulates heart rhythm, correcting irregular heartbeat patterns. Therapeutically, it restores normal cardiac function, commonly used to manage arrhythmias, prevent sudden cardiac death, and treat conditions like atrial fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia. | DUKE | | Anti diuretic | 52217 | An agent that reduces urine production, regulating water balance in the body. It plays a biological role in conserving water and electrolytes. Therapeutically, it is used to treat conditions like diabetes insipidus, nocturnal enuresis, and SIADH, helping to manage fluid balance and prevent dehydration. | DUKE | | Anti endotoxic | 50247 | An agent that neutralizes or mitigates the effects of endotoxins, reducing inflammation and septic shock. Therapeutically, it is used to treat conditions such as sepsis, meningitis, and other endotoxin-mediated diseases, promoting immune system balance and preventing tissue damage. | DUKE | | Anti hypertensive | 52217 | An agent that lowers blood pressure, reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease. It plays a biological role in relaxing blood vessels, decreasing cardiac workload, and improving blood flow. Therapeutically, it's used to manage hypertension, heart failure, and stroke, with key medical applications in preventing organ damage and improving overall cardiovascular health. | DUKE | | Anti-insomniac | 52217 | An agent that promotes sleep, reducing insomnia symptoms. It regulates the body's sleep-wake cycle, commonly used in managing sleep disorders, such as chronic insomnia, and improving overall sleep quality. | DUKE | | Anti lipolytic | | An agent that prevents the breakdown of lipids, playing a biological role in regulating fat metabolism. Therapeutically, it is used to manage conditions like hypertriglyceridemia and diabetic ketoacidosis, with key medical applications in lipid disorders and cardiovascular disease prevention. | DUKE | | Anti-spasmodic | 52217 | An agent that relaxes smooth muscle, reducing muscle spasms and cramps. It plays a biological role in regulating muscle tone and is therapeutically applied to treat conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome, menstrual cramps, and muscle spasms, providing relief from abdominal pain and discomfort. | DUKE | | Anti-tachycardic | 38070 | An agent that slows the heart rate, reducing tachycardia (rapid heartbeat). It plays a biological role in regulating cardiac function. Therapeutically, it is used to manage arrhythmias, hypertension, and cardiac conditions. Key medical uses include treating supraventricular tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, and ventricular tachycardia. | DUKE | | Anxiolytic | 35474 | An agent that reduces anxiety symptoms, commonly used in managing anxiety disorders, such as generalized anxiety disorder and panic disorder, by modulating neurotransmitters like GABA, promoting relaxation and calming effects. | DUKE | | Arteriodilator | | An agent that dilates arteries, increasing blood flow to or from the heart, used therapeutically to manage conditions like hypertension, heart failure, and angina, improving cardiac output and reducing blood pressure. | DUKE | | Glucogonogenic | | An agent that stimulates the production of glucose in the body, mimicking the action of glucagon. It plays a biological role in regulating blood sugar levels. Therapeutically, it is used to manage hypoglycemia and has key medical applications in treating diabetes and other glucose-related disorders. | DUKE | | Hypocholesterolemic | | An agent that lowers cholesterol levels in the blood, playing a crucial role in preventing cardiovascular disease. Therapeutically, it is used to manage hyperlipidemia and reduce the risk of heart disease, with key medical applications including the treatment of high cholesterol, atherosclerosis, and coronary artery disease. | DUKE | | Hypoglycemic | 35526 | An agent that lowers blood glucose levels, playing a crucial role in glucose metabolism. Therapeutically, it is used to manage diabetes and insulin resistance, with key medical applications in treating type 1 and 2 diabetes, and preventing diabetic complications. | DUKE | | Hypotensive | | An agent that lowers blood pressure, playing a biological role in regulating cardiovascular function. Therapeutically, it's used to manage hypertension, heart failure, and angina, with key medical applications in preventing stroke, kidney disease, and cardiac complications. | DUKE | | Immunomodulator | 50846 | An agent that regulates the immune system, modifying its response to maintain balance. Therapeutically, it's used to treat autoimmune diseases, prevent transplant rejection, and manage chronic inflammatory conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis. | DUKE | | Insulinic | | A hormone regulator that mimics insulin's effects, lowering blood glucose levels. Therapeutically, it's used to manage diabetes, particularly type 2, and has applications in treating insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome, improving glucose uptake and reducing glucose production in the liver. | DUKE | | Laxative | 50503 | An agent that stimulates bowel movements, relieving constipation by softening stool or increasing intestinal motility. Therapeutically, laxatives are used to treat constipation, prepare the bowel for medical procedures, and manage certain medical conditions, such as irritable bowel syndrome. | DUKE | | Lipolytic | | An agent that stimulates hydrolysis of fats into fatty acids and glycerol, playing a key biological role in fat metabolism. Therapeutically, lipolytics have applications in managing obesity and hypertriglyceridemia, with medical uses including weight loss and improving lipid profiles. | DUKE | | Myorelaxant | | An agent that reduces muscle contractility by blocking nerve impulses or decreasing motor end plate excitability, used therapeutically to relieve muscle spasms, tension, and pain, commonly in managing musculoskeletal disorders, anxiety, and insomnia. | DUKE | | Platelet aggregation factor inhibitor | 50427 | An agent that blocks platelet activation and aggregation, reducing blood clot formation. Therapeutically, it prevents thrombosis, commonly used in managing cardiovascular diseases, such as stroke and heart attack, and in patients undergoing angioplasty or coronary artery bypass grafting. | DUKE | | Pyrogenic | | An agent that induces fever, stimulating the immune system. It plays a biological role in fighting infection and has therapeutic applications in immunotherapy and vaccine development. Key medical uses include treating certain infections and cancers, as well as stimulating the immune system in immunocompromised patients. | DUKE | | Respirastimulant | | An agent that stimulates an increase in tidal volume and respiratory rate, playing a biological role in enhancing respiratory function. Therapeutically, it is used to manage respiratory disorders, with key medical applications including treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), respiratory failure, and apnea. | DUKE | | Secretomotor | | A nerve structure that stimulates glandular secretion, typically of mucus or serous fluid, playing a key role in digestion, respiration, and other bodily functions. Therapeutically, it has applications in managing conditions like dry mouth and respiratory issues, with medical uses including regulation of digestive enzymes and treatment of certain gastrointestinal disorders. | DUKE | | Sedative | 35717 | An agent that calms nervous activity, reducing anxiety and inducing relaxation. Its biological role is to slow down brain function, promoting sleep and relieving stress. Therapeutically, sedatives are used to manage insomnia, anxiety disorders, and seizures, as well as to prepare patients for medical procedures. | DUKE | | Vasodilator | 35620 | An agent that widens blood vessels, reducing blood pressure and increasing blood flow. It plays a biological role in regulating cardiovascular function. Therapeutically, vasodilators are used to treat conditions such as hypertension, angina, and heart failure, improving oxygen delivery and reducing cardiac workload. | DUKE |
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| Enzymes | | Name | Gene Name | UniProt ID |
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| Adenosine deaminase | ADA | P00813 | | Adenosine receptor A1 | ADORA1 | P30542 | | Adenosine receptor A2a | ADORA2A | P29274 | | Adenosine receptor A2b | ADORA2B | P29275 | | Purine nucleoside phosphorylase | PNP | P00491 | | Deoxycytidine kinase | DCK | P27707 | | Cytosolic 5'-nucleotidase 3 | NT5C3 | Q9H0P0 | | Adenosine receptor A3 | ADORA3 | P33765 | | Adenosine 3'-phospho 5'-phosphosulfate transporter 1 | SLC35B2 | Q8TB61 |
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| Pathways | | Name | SMPDB Link | KEGG Link |
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| Purine Metabolism | SMP00050 | map00230 | | Metabolism and Physiological Effects of Homocysteine | SMP0123280 | Not Available | | Metabolism and Physiological Effects of Uric acid | SMP0124845 | Not Available | | Metabolism and Physiological Effects of Xanthine | SMP0124865 | Not Available | | Metabolism and Physiological Effects of Xanthosine | SMP0124866 | Not Available |
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| Metabolism | Not Available |
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| Biosynthesis | Not Available |
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| Organoleptic Properties |
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| Flavours | Not Available |
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| Files |
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| MSDS | show |
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| References |
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| Synthesis Reference | Not Available |
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| General Reference | Not Available |
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| Content Reference | — Duke, James. 'Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases. United States Department of Agriculture.' Agricultural Research Service, Accessed April 27 (2004).
— Shinbo, Y., et al. 'KNApSAcK: a comprehensive species-metabolite relationship database.' Plant Metabolomics. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. 165-181.
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