| Record Information |
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| Version | 1.0 |
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| Creation date | 2010-04-08 22:05:57 UTC |
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| Update date | 2019-11-26 02:59:35 UTC |
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| Primary ID | FDB003792 |
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| Secondary Accession Numbers | Not Available |
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| Chemical Information |
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| FooDB Name | Vanadium |
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| Description | Vanadium is a steel-grey, corrosion-resistant metal, which exists in oxidation states ranging from -1 to +5. Metallic vanadium does not occur in nature, and the most common valence states are +3, +4, and +5. The pentavalent form (VO3-) predominates in extracellular body fluids whereas the quadrivalent form (VO+2) is the most common intracellular form. Because of its hardness and its ability to form alloys, vanadium (i.e., ferrovanadium) is a common component of hard steel alloys used in machines and tools. Although most foods contain low concentrations of vanadium (< 1 ng/g), food is the major source of exposure to vanadium for the general population. High air concentrations of vanadium occur in the occupation setting during boiler-cleaning operations as a result of the presence of vanadium oxides in the dust. The lungs absorb soluble vanadium compounds (V2O5) well, but the absorption of vanadium salts from the gastrointestinal tract is poor. The excretion of vanadium by the kidneys is rapid with a biological half-life of 20-40 hours in the urine. Physiologically, it exists as an ion in the body. Vanadium is probably an essential trace element, but a vanadium-deficiency disease has not been identified in humans. The estimated daily intake of the US population ranges from 10-60 micrograms V. Vanadyl sulfate is a common supplement used to enhance weight training in athletes at doses up to 60 mg/d. In vitro and animal studies indicate that vanadate and other vanadium compounds increase glucose transport activity and improve glucose metabolism. In general, the toxicity of vanadium compounds is low. Pentavalent compounds are the most toxic and the toxicity of vanadium compounds usually increases as the valence increases. Most of the toxic effects of vanadium compounds result from local irritation of the eyes and upper respiratory tract rather than systemic toxicity. The only clearly documented effect of exposure to vanadium dust is upper respiratory tract irritation characterized by rhinitis, wheezing, nasal hemorrhage, conjunctivitis, cough, sore throat, and chest pain. Case studies have described the onset of asthma after heavy exposure to vanadium compounds, but clinical studies to date have not detected an increased prevalence of asthma in workers exposed to vanadium. Vanadium is a trace element present in practically all cells in plants and animals. It exerts interesting actions in living systems. At pharmacological doses, vanadium compounds display relevant biological actions such as mimicking insulin and growth factors as well as having osteogenic activity. Some vanadium compounds also show antitumoral properties. The importance of vanadium in bone arises from the studies developed to establish the essentiality of this element in animals and humans. Bone tissue, where the element seems to play an important role, accumulates great amounts of vanadium. Among several metals, vanadium has emerged as an extremely potent agent with insulin-like properties. These insulin-like properties have been demonstrated in isolated cells, tissues, different animal models of type I and type II diabetes as well as a limited number of human subjects. Vanadium treatment has been found to improve abnormalities of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and of gene expression in rodent models of diabetes. In isolated cells, it enhances glucose transport, glycogen and lipid synthesis, and inhibits gluconeogenesis and lipolysis. The molecular mechanism responsible for the insulin-like effects of vanadium compounds have been shown to involve the activation of several key components of insulin-signaling pathways that include the mitogen-activated-protein kinases (MAPKs) extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and p38MAPK, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K)/protein kinase B (PKB). (PMID: 16998531, 16456236, 10382561). Vanadium is found in many foods, some of which are common persimmon, italian sweet red pepper, japanese pumpkin, and romaine lettuce. |
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| CAS Number | 22541-77-1 |
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| Structure | |
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| Synonyms | | Synonym | Source |
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| 23V | ChEBI | | V | ChEBI | | Vanadio | ChEBI | | Vanadium 51 | MeSH | | Vanadium-51 | MeSH | | V(3+) | ChEBI | | VANADIUM ion | ChEBI | | Vanadium metallicum | biospider | | Vanadium, elemental | biospider | | Vanadium, ion(3+) | ChEBI | | Vanadium(III) | ChEBI |
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| Predicted Properties | |
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| Chemical Formula | V |
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| IUPAC name | vanadium |
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| InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/V |
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| InChI Key | LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
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| Isomeric SMILES | [V] |
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| Average Molecular Weight | 50.9415 |
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| Monoisotopic Molecular Weight | 50.943963675 |
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| Classification |
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| Description | Belongs to the class of inorganic compounds known as homogeneous transition metal compounds. These are inorganic compounds containing only metal atoms,with the largest atom being a transition metal atom. |
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| Kingdom | Inorganic compounds |
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| Super Class | Homogeneous metal compounds |
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| Class | Homogeneous transition metal compounds |
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| Sub Class | Not Available |
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| Direct Parent | Homogeneous transition metal compounds |
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| Alternative Parents | Not Available |
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| Substituents | - Homogeneous transition metal
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| Molecular Framework | Not Available |
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| External Descriptors | |
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| Ontology |
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| Ontology | No ontology term |
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| Physico-Chemical Properties |
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| Physico-Chemical Properties - Experimental | | Property | Value | Reference |
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| Physical state | Solid | |
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| Physical Description | Not Available | |
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| Mass Composition | Not Available | |
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| Melting Point | 1910 oC | |
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| Boiling Point | Not Available | |
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| Experimental Water Solubility | Not Available | |
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| Experimental logP | Not Available | |
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| Experimental pKa | Not Available | |
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| Isoelectric point | Not Available | |
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| Charge | Not Available | |
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| Optical Rotation | Not Available | |
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| Spectroscopic UV Data | Not Available | |
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| Density | Not Available | |
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| Refractive Index | Not Available | |
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| Spectra |
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| Spectra | |
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| EI-MS/GC-MS | Not Available |
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| MS/MS | | Type | Description | Splash Key | View |
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| Predicted MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive | splash10-0udi-9000000000-04cac363fba8baca3d60 | 2016-08-01 | View Spectrum | | Predicted MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive | splash10-0udi-9000000000-04cac363fba8baca3d60 | 2016-08-01 | View Spectrum | | Predicted MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive | splash10-0udi-9000000000-04cac363fba8baca3d60 | 2016-08-01 | View Spectrum | | Predicted MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative | splash10-0002-9000000000-f32cb636023329dd9052 | 2016-08-03 | View Spectrum | | Predicted MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative | splash10-0002-9000000000-f32cb636023329dd9052 | 2016-08-03 | View Spectrum | | Predicted MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative | splash10-0002-9000000000-f32cb636023329dd9052 | 2016-08-03 | View Spectrum |
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| NMR | Not Available |
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| External Links |
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| ChemSpider ID | 10659555 |
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| ChEMBL ID | Not Available |
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| KEGG Compound ID | C06267 |
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| Pubchem Compound ID | 23990 |
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| Pubchem Substance ID | Not Available |
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| ChEBI ID | Not Available |
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| Phenol-Explorer ID | Not Available |
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| DrugBank ID | Not Available |
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| HMDB ID | HMDB02503 |
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| CRC / DFC (Dictionary of Food Compounds) ID | Not Available |
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| EAFUS ID | Not Available |
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| Dr. Duke ID | VANADIUM |
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| BIGG ID | Not Available |
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| KNApSAcK ID | Not Available |
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| HET ID | V |
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| Food Biomarker Ontology | Not Available |
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| VMH ID | Not Available |
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| Flavornet ID | Not Available |
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| GoodScent ID | Not Available |
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| SuperScent ID | Not Available |
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| Wikipedia ID | Vanadium |
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| Phenol-Explorer Metabolite ID | Not Available |
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| Duplicate IDS | Not Available |
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| Old DFC IDS | Not Available |
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| Associated Foods |
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| Food | Content Range | Average | Reference |
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| Food | | | Reference |
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| Biological Effects and Interactions |
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| Health Effects / Bioactivities | | Descriptor | ID | Definition | Reference |
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| Anti-atherosclerotic | 38070 | An agent that prevents or slows the formation of atherosclerosis, a condition characterized by plaque buildup in arteries. It reduces inflammation, improves lipid profiles, and inhibits platelet aggregation, commonly used to manage cardiovascular diseases, such as coronary artery disease, and prevent heart attacks and strokes. | DUKE | | Anti-diabetic | 52217 | An agent that regulates blood sugar levels, enhancing insulin sensitivity or secretion. Therapeutically, it's used to manage diabetes, reducing symptoms and complications, and commonly prescribed to treat type 1 and 2 diabetes, as well as gestational diabetes. | DUKE | | Anti-infertility | 52217 | An agent that enhances reproductive health, promoting fertility and conception. Its biological role involves regulating hormonal balance and improving reproductive function. Therapeutically, it is used to treat infertility disorders, with key medical applications in assisted reproduction, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and unexplained infertility. | DUKE | | Anti insulinogenic | | An agent that inhibits or controls the production of insulin, regulating blood sugar levels. Its biological role is to prevent excessive insulin release. Therapeutically, it's used to manage conditions like hypoglycemia and insulinoma, and has potential applications in diabetes treatment and weight management. | DUKE | | Anti-manic | | An agent that stabilizes mood by controlling symptoms of mania, used to manage bipolar disorder, reducing excessive excitement and impulsivity, and preventing manic episodes. | DUKE | | Anti syndrome-X | 52217 | An agent that improves insulin sensitivity, reducing glucose and lipid levels. It plays a biological role in regulating metabolic pathways, and has therapeutic applications in managing insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, making it a key medical use in preventing and treating metabolic syndrome. | DUKE | | ATPase inhibitor | 23924 | An agent that blocks the activity of ATPase enzymes, reducing energy production in cells. Therapeutically, it's used to treat conditions like cancer, where it inhibits tumor growth, and in managing cardiovascular diseases by reducing cardiac energy consumption. Key medical uses include anti-cancer and cardioprotective applications. | DUKE | | Cancer preventive | 35610 | An agent that inhibits the development and progression of cancer, reducing tumor formation and growth. It plays a biological role in blocking carcinogenic pathways, and has therapeutic applications in chemoprevention. Key medical uses include reducing the risk of cancer in high-risk individuals and preventing cancer recurrence. | DUKE | | Cardioprotective | 38070 | An agent that protects the heart from damage, reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease. It plays a biological role in mitigating cardiac stress and injury, with therapeutic applications in preventing heart attacks, strokes, and arrhythmias, and key medical uses in treating hypertension, heart failure, and coronary artery disease. | DUKE | | Hypocholesterolemic | | An agent that lowers cholesterol levels in the blood, playing a crucial role in preventing cardiovascular disease. Therapeutically, it is used to manage hyperlipidemia and reduce the risk of heart disease, with key medical applications including the treatment of high cholesterol, atherosclerosis, and coronary artery disease. | DUKE | | Hypoglycemic | 35526 | An agent that lowers blood glucose levels, playing a crucial role in glucose metabolism. Therapeutically, it is used to manage diabetes and insulin resistance, with key medical applications in treating type 1 and 2 diabetes, and preventing diabetic complications. | DUKE | | Hypotensive | | An agent that lowers blood pressure, playing a biological role in regulating cardiovascular function. Therapeutically, it's used to manage hypertension, heart failure, and angina, with key medical applications in preventing stroke, kidney disease, and cardiac complications. | DUKE | | Hypotriglyceridemic | | An agent that lowers triglyceride levels in the blood, playing a role in lipid metabolism. Therapeutically, it helps manage hypertriglyceridemia, reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease and pancreatitis, with key medical uses in treating dyslipidemia and preventing atherosclerosis. | DUKE | | Nephrotoxic | 50909 | An agent that damages or harms the kidneys, disrupting their ability to filter waste. It has no therapeutic applications, but is often a side effect of certain medications, such as antibiotics and chemotherapy. Key medical uses involve monitoring and managing kidney damage in patients receiving nephrotoxic treatments. | DUKE | | Pancreatoxic | 52209 | An agent that damages or destroys pancreatic cells, often used in research to model pancreatic diseases, such as diabetes. Its therapeutic applications are limited, but it may be used to study pancreatic cancer or to develop new treatments for pancreatitis. | DUKE | | Toxic | 52209 | A substance that can harm or poison living organisms. Biologically, it can disrupt cellular functions and cause damage. Therapeutically, toxins are used in small, controlled doses for applications such as cancer treatment and immunosuppression. Key medical uses include chemotherapy and immunotherapy, where toxins are used to target and destroy diseased cells. | DUKE |
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| Enzymes | Not Available |
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| Pathways | Not Available |
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| Metabolism | Not Available |
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| Biosynthesis | Not Available |
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| Organoleptic Properties |
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| Flavours | Not Available |
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| Files |
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| MSDS | show |
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| References |
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| Synthesis Reference | Not Available |
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| General Reference | Not Available |
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| Content Reference | — Duke, James. 'Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases. United States Department of Agriculture.' Agricultural Research Service, Accessed April 27 (2004).
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