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Showing Compound 4-Aminobutyric acid (FDB008937)

Record Information
Version1.0
Creation date2010-04-08 22:08:19 UTC
Update date2020-09-17 15:38:19 UTC
Primary IDFDB008937
Secondary Accession NumbersNot Available
Chemical Information
FooDB Name4-Aminobutyric acid
Descriptiongamma-Aminobutyric acid, also known as GABA or g-amino-butanoate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as gamma amino acids and derivatives. These are amino acids having a (-NH2) group attached to the gamma carbon atom. gamma-Aminobutyric acid is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble (in water), and relatively neutral. gamma-Aminobutyric acid exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. Outside of the human body, gamma-Aminobutyric acid has been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as fox grapes, oxheart cabbages, garden onion (var.), yellow zucchinis, and chinese mustards. This could make gamma-aminobutyric acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. gamma-Aminobutyric acid is a potentially toxic compound. A gamma-amino acid that is butanoic acid with the amino substituent located at C-4.
CAS Number56-12-2
Structure
Thumb
MOLSDFPDBSMILESInChI
Synonyms
SynonymSource
4-Aminobutanoic acidChEBI
4-Aminobutyric acidChEBI
4AbuChEBI
GABAChEBI
GAMMA-AMINO-butanoIC ACIDChEBI
gamma-Amino-N-butyric acidChEBI
gamma-Aminobutanoic acidChEBI
gamma-AminobuttersaeureChEBI
Omega-aminobutyric acidChEBI
Piperidic acidChEBI
Piperidinic acidChEBI
4-AminobutyrateKegg
GammalonKegg
4-AminobutanoateGenerator
g-AMINO-butanoateGenerator
g-AMINO-butanoic acidGenerator
gamma-AMINO-butanoateGenerator
Γ-amino-butanoateGenerator
Γ-amino-butanoic acidGenerator
g-Amino-N-butyrateGenerator
g-Amino-N-butyric acidGenerator
gamma-Amino-N-butyrateGenerator
Γ-amino-N-butyrateGenerator
Γ-amino-N-butyric acidGenerator
g-AminobutanoateGenerator
g-Aminobutanoic acidGenerator
gamma-AminobutanoateGenerator
Γ-aminobutanoateGenerator
Γ-aminobutanoic acidGenerator
g-AminobuttersaeureGenerator
Γ-aminobuttersaeureGenerator
Omega-aminobutyrateGenerator
PiperidateGenerator
PiperidinateGenerator
g-AminobutyrateGenerator
g-Aminobutyric acidGenerator
gamma-AminobutyrateGenerator
Γ-aminobutyrateGenerator
Γ-aminobutyric acidGenerator
3-CarboxypropylamineHMDB
AminalonHMDB
GaballonHMDB
GamarexHMDB
gamma AminobutyrateHMDB
gamma Aminobutyric acidHMDB
GammaloneHMDB
GammarHMDB
GammasolHMDB
MielogenHMDB
MielomadeHMDB
W-AminobutyrateHMDB
W-Aminobutyric acidHMDB
gamma-Aminobutyric acid, calcium salt (2:1)HMDB
gamma-Aminobutyric acid, hydrochlorideHMDB
gamma-Aminobutyric acid, zinc salt (2:1)HMDB
4 Aminobutanoic acidHMDB
4 Aminobutyric acidHMDB
Lithium gabaHMDB
gamma Aminobutyric acid, monolithium saltHMDB
gamma Aminobutyric acid, monosodium saltHMDB
gamma-Aminobutyric acid, monolithium saltHMDB
gamma-Aminobutyric acid, monosodium saltHMDB
Acid, hydrochloride gamma-aminobutyricHMDB
AminaloneHMDB
GABA, lithiumHMDB
Hydrochloride gamma-aminobutyric acidHMDB
gamma Aminobutyric acid, hydrochlorideHMDB
4-Amino-butanoateHMDB
gamma-Aminobutyric acidKEGG
4-amino-butanoic acidbiospider
4-Amino-n-butyric acidbiospider
4-Aminobutylatebiospider
Aminobutanoic acidbiospider
Aminobutyric acidbiospider
Aminobutyric acid,-4-, αbiospider
Butanoic acid, 4-amino- (9CI)biospider
Butyric acid, 4-amino-biospider
DL-gamma-amino-n-butyric acidbiospider
g-amino-BUTANOateGenerator
g-amino-BUTANOic acidGenerator
g-amino-N-ButyrateGenerator
g-amino-N-Butyric acidGenerator
g-aminobutyric acidbiospider
Gamastanbiospider
Gamma aminobutyratebiospider
Gamma aminobutyric acidbiospider
Gamma-amino butyric acidbiospider
gamma-amino-BUTANOateGenerator
Gamma-amino-butanoic acidbiospider
gamma-amino-N-ButyrateGenerator
Gamma-amino-n-butyric acidbiospider
Gamma-aminobutanoic acidbiospider
Gamma-aminobutryic acidbiospider
Gamma-aminobutyratebiospider
Gamma-aminobutyric acidbiospider
Gamma(amino)-butyric acidbiospider
Gammageebiospider
Gammalon (TN)biospider
Gamulinbiospider
Reanalbiospider
γ-amino-butanoateGenerator
γ-amino-butanoic acidGenerator
γ-amino-N-butyrateGenerator
γ-amino-N-butyric acidGenerator
γ-aminobutanoateGenerator
γ-aminobutanoic acidGenerator
γ-aminobuttersaeureGenerator
γ-aminobutyrateGenerator
γ-aminobutyric acidGenerator
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility365 g/LALOGPS
logP-3ALOGPS
logP-2.9ChemAxon
logS0.55ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)4.53ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)10.22ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count3ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count2ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area63.32 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count3ChemAxon
Refractivity25.46 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability10.62 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings0ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterNoChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Chemical FormulaC4H9NO2
IUPAC name4-aminobutanoic acid
InChI IdentifierInChI=1S/C4H9NO2/c5-3-1-2-4(6)7/h1-3,5H2,(H,6,7)
InChI KeyBTCSSZJGUNDROE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Isomeric SMILESNCCCC(O)=O
Average Molecular Weight103.1198
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight103.063328537
Classification
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as gamma amino acids and derivatives. These are amino acids having a (-NH2) group attached to the gamma carbon atom.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganic acids and derivatives
ClassCarboxylic acids and derivatives
Sub ClassAmino acids, peptides, and analogues
Direct ParentGamma amino acids and derivatives
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Gamma amino acid or derivatives
  • Amino fatty acid
  • Straight chain fatty acid
  • Fatty acid
  • Fatty acyl
  • Amino acid
  • Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Carboxylic acid
  • Organic oxide
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Primary amine
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Primary aliphatic amine
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Carbonyl group
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Amine
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Aliphatic acyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic acyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
OntologyNo ontology term
Physico-Chemical Properties
Physico-Chemical Properties - Experimental
PropertyValueReference
Physical stateSolid
Physical DescriptionNot Available
Mass CompositionNot Available
Melting Point203 oC
Boiling PointNot Available
Experimental Water Solubility1300 mg/mL at 25 oCYALKOWSKY,SH & DANNENFELSER,RM (1992)
Experimental logP-3.17HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995)
Experimental pKa4.05
Isoelectric pointNot Available
ChargeNot Available
Optical RotationNot Available
Spectroscopic UV DataNot Available
DensityNot Available
Refractive IndexNot Available
Spectra
Spectra
EI-MS/GC-MS
TypeDescriptionSplash KeyView
EI-MSMass Spectrum (Electron Ionization)splash10-001i-9000000000-dbf4f9e19a35f953a1892014-09-20View Spectrum
GC-MS4-Aminobutyric acid, 3 TMS, GC-MS Spectrumsplash10-00dj-1900000000-f831f79dfcaeffa8b177Spectrum
GC-MS4-Aminobutyric acid, 3 TMS, GC-MS Spectrumsplash10-00di-1900000000-2de9d92a2cfc7bc655f4Spectrum
GC-MS4-Aminobutyric acid, 3 TMS, GC-MS Spectrumsplash10-00di-1900000000-73bbf2ee0803f058dbedSpectrum
GC-MS4-Aminobutyric acid, 3 TMS, GC-MS Spectrumsplash10-00di-1901000000-85d4bd98af8534428b5aSpectrum
GC-MS4-Aminobutyric acid, 3 TMS, GC-MS Spectrumsplash10-00di-0900000000-6be23968e972a414be51Spectrum
GC-MS4-Aminobutyric acid, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrumsplash10-00di-1900000000-9a224763afd8ca892addSpectrum
GC-MS4-Aminobutyric acid, 3 TMS, GC-MS Spectrumsplash10-00di-9800000000-d8906d09ca1872a6391cSpectrum
GC-MS4-Aminobutyric acid, 2 TMS, GC-MS Spectrumsplash10-0udi-1900000000-54db7e21790401045519Spectrum
GC-MS4-Aminobutyric acid, 3 TMS, GC-MS Spectrumsplash10-00di-1901000000-b047af158215c2b5b8e8Spectrum
GC-MS4-Aminobutyric acid, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrumsplash10-001i-9000000000-21ea76dfb0da62031f1dSpectrum
GC-MS4-Aminobutyric acid, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrumsplash10-00di-0901000000-5d60b0a446fd8122f613Spectrum
GC-MS4-Aminobutyric acid, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrumsplash10-00dj-1900000000-f831f79dfcaeffa8b177Spectrum
GC-MS4-Aminobutyric acid, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrumsplash10-00di-1900000000-2de9d92a2cfc7bc655f4Spectrum
GC-MS4-Aminobutyric acid, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrumsplash10-00di-1900000000-73bbf2ee0803f058dbedSpectrum
GC-MS4-Aminobutyric acid, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrumsplash10-00di-1901000000-85d4bd98af8534428b5aSpectrum
GC-MS4-Aminobutyric acid, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrumsplash10-00di-0900000000-6be23968e972a414be51Spectrum
GC-MS4-Aminobutyric acid, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrumsplash10-00di-1900000000-9a224763afd8ca892addSpectrum
GC-MS4-Aminobutyric acid, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrumsplash10-00di-9800000000-d8906d09ca1872a6391cSpectrum
GC-MS4-Aminobutyric acid, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrumsplash10-0udi-1900000000-54db7e21790401045519Spectrum
GC-MS4-Aminobutyric acid, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrumsplash10-00di-1901000000-b047af158215c2b5b8e8Spectrum
GC-MS4-Aminobutyric acid, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrumsplash10-00dj-1900000000-1219470a0be188da64e6Spectrum
GC-MS4-Aminobutyric acid, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrumsplash10-0udi-0900000000-f7117dfaf9d856c95919Spectrum
GC-MS4-Aminobutyric acid, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrumsplash10-0006-1900000000-e35585a985d8128d044eSpectrum
Predicted GC-MS4-Aminobutyric acid, non-derivatized, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positivesplash10-001i-9000000000-d5f55a414ff1e8c65d9dSpectrum
Predicted GC-MS4-Aminobutyric acid, 1 TMS, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positivesplash10-0fk9-9700000000-4b2809309587240dd479Spectrum
MS/MS
TypeDescriptionSplash KeyView
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 10V, Positive (Annotated)splash10-0uxr-8900000000-ce0d8f44422836cd99652012-07-24View Spectrum
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 25V, Positive (Annotated)splash10-0005-9000000000-8ce5afb97d7c08821da32012-07-24View Spectrum
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 40V, Positive (Annotated)splash10-0005-9100000000-32c433b2c916697690f82012-07-24View Spectrum
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positivesplash10-0udi-0900000000-5831aaabdf53f3132ae52012-08-31View Spectrum
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positivesplash10-0a4i-9000000000-9babfd4a6937ecba73182012-08-31View Spectrum
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positivesplash10-0a4i-9000000000-e1c0c1485d846e9b123b2012-08-31View Spectrum
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positivesplash10-0udi-0900000000-647d55ecf98850e7a8752012-08-31View Spectrum
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positivesplash10-0udi-0900000000-7c107641a38922c88fca2012-08-31View Spectrum
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positivesplash10-000i-9000000000-86718b349efad6334e3a2012-08-31View Spectrum
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positivesplash10-000i-9000000000-a1e84e55e4b6c6628d5d2012-08-31View Spectrum
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positivesplash10-0006-0009000000-29c22bf0ed844d09c0af2012-08-31View Spectrum
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 10V, Negativesplash10-0udi-0900000000-1d00adad47e42c60c3402012-08-31View Spectrum
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 20V, Negativesplash10-0udi-1900000000-47b195fb74720cc994642012-08-31View Spectrum
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 30V, Negativesplash10-001i-9000000000-a14a52dc59bf9988bb442012-08-31View Spectrum
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 10V, Positivesplash10-0udi-5900000000-20c55b2809389d5ad83b2012-08-31View Spectrum
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 20V, Positivesplash10-000i-9000000000-eca4c5aefca98751a11e2012-08-31View Spectrum
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 30V, Positivesplash10-014j-9000000000-f0783316e092917494092012-08-31View Spectrum
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 40V, Positivesplash10-0005-9000000000-81837eb9c0b926cb0e812012-08-31View Spectrum
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 50V, Positivesplash10-0005-9000000000-8b48126992d7fa2426362012-08-31View Spectrum
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF (UPLC Q-Tof Premier, Waters) , Positivesplash10-000i-9000000000-7d4636efbc4e5d75872e2012-08-31View Spectrum
Predicted MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positivesplash10-000i-9100000000-655f9d93a35bfa5375832015-05-27View Spectrum
Predicted MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positivesplash10-00ku-9000000000-4a334d5e272576f624032015-05-27View Spectrum
Predicted MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positivesplash10-0006-9000000000-4a13b03446b3370ccd432015-05-27View Spectrum
Predicted MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positivesplash10-000i-9100000000-655f9d93a35bfa5375832015-05-27View Spectrum
Predicted MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positivesplash10-00ku-9000000000-4a334d5e272576f624032015-05-27View Spectrum
NMR
TypeDescriptionView
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, H2O, experimental)Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 125 MHz, H2O, experimental)Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 90 MHz, D2O, experimental)Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 25.16 MHz, D2O, experimental)Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, D2O, experimental)Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted)Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted)Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted)Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted)Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted)Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted)Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted)Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted)Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted)Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted)Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted)Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted)Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted)Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted)Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted)Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted)Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted)Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted)Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted)Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted)Spectrum
2D NMR[1H, 13C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, H2O, experimental)Spectrum
ChemSpider ID116
ChEMBL IDCHEMBL96
KEGG Compound IDC00334
Pubchem Compound ID119
Pubchem Substance IDNot Available
ChEBI ID16865
Phenol-Explorer IDNot Available
DrugBank IDDB02530
HMDB IDHMDB00112
CRC / DFC (Dictionary of Food Compounds) IDNot Available
EAFUS ID165
Dr. Duke IDGABA|GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC-ACID
BIGG ID34652
KNApSAcK IDC00001337
HET IDABU
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
Flavornet IDNot Available
GoodScent IDrw1198861
SuperScent IDNot Available
Wikipedia IDGABA
Phenol-Explorer Metabolite IDNot Available
Duplicate IDSNot Available
Old DFC IDSNot Available
Associated Foods
FoodContent Range AverageReference
FoodReference
Biological Effects and Interactions
Health Effects / Bioactivities
DescriptorIDDefinitionReference
Analeptic35337 A central nervous system stimulant that increases alertness and counteracts depression, used therapeutically to treat conditions such as respiratory depression, sedative overdose, and coma, by enhancing brain activity and promoting arousal.DUKE
Anti cephalagic52217 An agent that relieves headache symptoms, commonly used in managing migraines and other cephalalgias. Its biological role involves inhibiting pain pathways, and its therapeutic applications include reducing inflammation and alleviating vascular headaches, making it a key medical use in neurology and pain management.DUKE
Anti-cerebrotic52217 An agent that prevents or reduces cerebral edema, promoting brain health. It has therapeutic applications in managing conditions like stroke, traumatic brain injury, and cerebral malaria, reducing swelling and inflammation to improve patient outcomes.DUKE
Anti-choreic52217 An agent that reduces involuntary movements, commonly used in managing neurological disorders such as Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, and tic disorders, by blocking excessive dopamine activity in the brain, thereby alleviating symptoms of chorea, athetosis, and dystonia.DUKE
Anti convulsant52217 An agent that reduces or prevents seizures, commonly used in managing epilepsy, neuropathic pain, and mood disorders, by stabilizing abnormal electrical activity in the brain.DUKE
Anti hypertensive52217 An agent that lowers blood pressure, reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease. It plays a biological role in relaxing blood vessels, decreasing cardiac workload, and improving blood flow. Therapeutically, it's used to manage hypertension, heart failure, and stroke, with key medical applications in preventing organ damage and improving overall cardiovascular health.DUKE
Anti-insomniac52217 An agent that promotes sleep, reducing insomnia symptoms. It regulates the body's sleep-wake cycle, commonly used in managing sleep disorders, such as chronic insomnia, and improving overall sleep quality.DUKE
Anti-insomnic52217 An agent that promotes sleep, reducing insomnia symptoms. It regulates the body's sleep-wake cycle, commonly used in managing sleep disorders, such as insomnia, and improving sleep quality.DUKE
Anti-lethargic52217 An agent that increases alertness and energy, counteracting lethargy. It plays a biological role in stimulating the central nervous system, and has therapeutic applications in treating fatigue, sleep disorders, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Key medical uses include managing excessive daytime sleepiness and improving cognitive function.DUKE
Anti-stress52217 An agent that reduces stress symptoms, commonly used in managing anxiety disorders, promoting relaxation, and mitigating the biological effects of stress on the body, such as hypertension and immune suppression, with therapeutic applications in mental health and key medical uses in cardiology and neurology.DUKE
Anti tinniticAn agent that relieves symptoms of tinnitus, reducing constant noise or ringing in the ears, used to manage related hearing disorders and improve quality of life.DUKE
Anxiolytic35474 An agent that reduces anxiety symptoms, commonly used in managing anxiety disorders, such as generalized anxiety disorder and panic disorder, by modulating neurotransmitters like GABA, promoting relaxation and calming effects.DUKE
Cardiovascular38070 A system that transports blood, oxygen, and nutrients throughout the body, playing a crucial role in overall health. Therapeutically, cardiovascular agents manage conditions like hypertension, heart failure, and atherosclerosis, with key medical uses including regulating blood pressure, preventing blood clots, and improving cardiac function.DUKE
Central nervous system inhibitor35470 An agent that suppresses or slows down central nervous system activity, reducing anxiety, stress, and excitability. Therapeutically, it is used to manage conditions such as insomnia, seizures, and anxiety disorders, promoting relaxation and calmness.DUKE
Diuretic35498 An agent that increases urine production, helping remove excess fluids and salts from the body. It plays a key biological role in regulating fluid balance and blood pressure. Therapeutically, diuretics are used to treat conditions such as hypertension, edema, and heart failure, helping reduce swelling and lower blood pressure.DUKE
HypotensiveAn agent that lowers blood pressure, playing a biological role in regulating cardiovascular function. Therapeutically, it's used to manage hypertension, heart failure, and angina, with key medical applications in preventing stroke, kidney disease, and cardiac complications.DUKE
Neuro inhibitor35222 An agent that blocks or reduces neuronal activity, used to treat conditions such as epilepsy, anxiety, and muscle spasms by decreasing abnormal electrical impulses in the brain and nervous system.DUKE
Neurotoxic50910 A substance that damages or destroys nerve cells, disrupting normal brain function. It has no therapeutic applications, but is used in research to study neurodegenerative diseases. Key medical uses include understanding and developing treatments for conditions like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, where neurotoxicity plays a role.DUKE
Neurotransmitter25512 A chemical messenger that transmits signals between neurons, regulating various physiological and psychological processes. Therapeutically, neurotransmitter modulators are used to treat conditions such as depression, anxiety, and Parkinson's disease, by altering neurotransmitter levels or activity to restore balance and alleviate symptoms.DUKE
Sedative35717 An agent that calms nervous activity, reducing anxiety and inducing relaxation. Its biological role is to slow down brain function, promoting sleep and relieving stress. Therapeutically, sedatives are used to manage insomnia, anxiety disorders, and seizures, as well as to prepare patients for medical procedures.DUKE
TranquilizerAn agent that induces relaxation and reduces anxiety, used therapeutically to manage anxiety disorders, insomnia, and restlessness, promoting calmness and sedation in individuals.DUKE
Enzymes
NameGene NameUniProt ID
Glycine amidinotransferase, mitochondrialGATMP50440
4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase, mitochondrialABATP80404
Glutamate decarboxylase 2GAD2Q05329
Glutamate decarboxylase 1GAD1Q99259
Arginine decarboxylaseADCQ96A70
Glutamine synthetaseGLULP15104
Probable glutamate--tRNA ligase, mitochondrialEARS2Q5JPH6
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 2GABARAPL2P60520
Pathways
NameSMPDB LinkKEGG Link
Glutamate MetabolismSMP00072 map00250
MetabolismNot Available
BiosynthesisNot Available
Organoleptic Properties
Flavours
FlavorCitations
savory
  1. The Good Scents Company (2009). Flavor and fragrance information catalog. <http://www.thegoodscentscompany.com/allprod.html> Accessed 15.10.23.
meaty
  1. The Good Scents Company (2009). Flavor and fragrance information catalog. <http://www.thegoodscentscompany.com/allprod.html> Accessed 15.10.23.
Files
MSDSNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
General ReferenceNot Available
Content Reference— Duke, James. 'Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases. United States Department of Agriculture.' Agricultural Research Service, Accessed April 27 (2004).