| Health Effects / Bioactivities | | Descriptor | ID | Definition | Reference |
|---|
| Allelopathic | | Biochemicals that inhibit growth, survival, or reproduction in other organisms, with potential therapeutic applications in weed control, antimicrobial, and anticancer treatments, and key medical uses in developing novel pesticides, antibiotics, and chemotherapeutics. | DUKE | | Analgesic | 35480 | An agent that relieves pain by reducing or blocking pain signals in the brain, commonly used to manage acute or chronic pain, inflammation, and fever, with therapeutic applications in surgery, injury, and disease treatment. | DUKE | | Anesthetic | | A drug that induces a reversible loss of sensation, used to prevent pain and discomfort during medical procedures, surgeries, and diagnostic tests, promoting patient comfort and facilitating treatment. | DUKE | | Anti-acne | 50177 | An agent that reduces acne symptoms, commonly used in managing acne vulgaris by minimizing oil production, preventing clogged pores, and decreasing bacterial growth, thereby reducing inflammation and promoting healthy skin. | DUKE | | Anti-diarrheic | 55323 | An agent that reduces the frequency and severity of diarrhea, commonly used to manage gastrointestinal disorders, such as irritable bowel syndrome, and to treat infectious diarrhea, by slowing bowel movements and increasing water absorption. | DUKE | | Anti dysenteric | 52217 | An agent that treats and prevents dysentery, reducing inflammation and diarrhea. It is used to manage bacterial, viral, or parasitic infections, and is commonly applied in treating gastrointestinal disorders, such as amoebic dysentery, and other intestinal infections. | DUKE | | Anti emetic | 50919 | An agent that prevents or alleviates nausea and vomiting, playing a crucial role in managing chemotherapy-induced, motion-induced, and post-operative nausea. Therapeutically, it helps reduce discomfort and prevent dehydration, commonly used in oncology, gastroenterology, and anesthesia. | DUKE | | Anti feedant | | A substance that inhibits normal feeding behavior, found in certain plants, deterring insects and animals from consuming them. Its therapeutic applications include pest control, while key medical uses involve managing insect-borne diseases and reducing crop damage. | DUKE | | Anti-fibrositic | | An agent that relieves inflammation and degeneration of connective tissue, particularly in joints, reducing fibrosis and promoting tissue repair, commonly used to treat conditions like arthritis and fibrotic diseases. | DUKE | | Anti neuralgic | 52217 | An agent that relieves nerve pain, reducing inflammation and discomfort. It plays a biological role in blocking pain pathways, and has therapeutic applications in managing conditions like trigeminal neuralgia, shingles, and diabetic neuropathy. Key medical uses include treating severe nerve pain, numbness, and tingling sensations. | DUKE | | Anti pruritic | 50177 | An agent that relieves itching sensations, reducing scratching and discomfort. It plays a biological role in inhibiting histamine release and nerve signal transmission. Therapeutically, it's used to manage itching associated with allergies, eczema, and skin irritations, providing relief and preventing further skin damage. | DUKE | | Anti septic | 33281 | An agent that prevents or reduces the growth of microorganisms, such as bacteria, fungi, or viruses, to promote wound healing and prevent infection. Therapeutically, anti septics are used to treat minor cuts, scrapes, and burns, and are commonly applied topically to reduce the risk of infection and promote tissue repair. Key medical uses include wound care, surgical site preparation, and skin infection management. | DUKE | | Anti-spasmodic | 52217 | An agent that relaxes smooth muscle, reducing muscle spasms and cramps. It plays a biological role in regulating muscle tone and is therapeutically applied to treat conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome, menstrual cramps, and muscle spasms, providing relief from abdominal pain and discomfort. | DUKE | | Cancer preventive | 35610 | An agent that inhibits the development and progression of cancer, reducing tumor formation and growth. It plays a biological role in blocking carcinogenic pathways, and has therapeutic applications in chemoprevention. Key medical uses include reducing the risk of cancer in high-risk individuals and preventing cancer recurrence. | DUKE | | Carminative | | An agent that prevents or relieves gas in the gastrointestinal tract, facilitating its expulsion and combating flatulence, commonly used to soothe digestive issues and alleviate symptoms of bloating and discomfort. | DUKE | | Central nervous system stimulant | 35470 | An agent that increases alertness and activity by enhancing neurotransmitter release, used therapeutically to manage attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), narcolepsy, and fatigue, and to improve cognitive function and mood. | DUKE | | Convulsant | | An agent that induces convulsions and/or epileptic seizures, acting as a stimulant at low doses. It has no therapeutic applications due to its high risk of causing seizures and excitotoxicity, and is the opposite of an anticonvulsant. | DUKE | | Cosmetic | 64857 | A substance used to enhance physical appearance, with no therapeutic effect. It plays a social and psychological role, boosting self-esteem and confidence. Key uses include skincare, haircare, and makeup, with no direct medical applications, but can have indirect benefits such as improving mental well-being. | DUKE | | Counterirritant | | An agent that induces mild irritation or inflammation in one area to reduce discomfort and/or inflammation in another, often used to relieve pain, reduce swelling, and promote healing in conditions like arthritis, sprains, and strains. | DUKE | | Decongestant | 77715 | An agent that reduces nasal congestion by constricting blood vessels, decreasing swelling in the nasal passages. Therapeutically, it relieves sinus pressure and eases breathing, commonly used to treat colds, allergies, and sinusitis. | DUKE | | Deliriant | | A class of hallucinogen that induces solid hallucinations, seamlessly integrating into waking consciousness. It has no established therapeutic applications, but is sometimes used in research to study psychosis and altered states of consciousness. Medical uses are limited due to its potent hallucinogenic effects. | DUKE | | Ecbolic | | An agent that induces uterine contractions, facilitating expulsion of a fetus. Its biological role is in childbirth and abortion. Therapeutically, it's used to induce labor, manage postpartum hemorrhage, and terminate pregnancies. Key medical uses include labor induction, abortion, and treating postpartum bleeding. | DUKE | | Emetic | | An agent that induces vomiting, playing a biological role in expelling toxins from the body. Therapeutically, it is used to treat poisoning, overdose, or gastrointestinal obstruction. Key medical uses include managing drug toxicity and aiding in stomach pumping procedures. | DUKE | | Epileptigenic | | An agent that induces or exacerbates epileptic seizures, playing a role in neurological disorders. Therapeutically, it is used to model and study epilepsy in research. Medically, understanding epileptigenic agents helps in developing treatments for epilepsy and seizure management. | DUKE | | Expectorant | 52217 | An agent that thins and loosens mucus, making it easier to cough up, reducing congestion. It aids in clearing respiratory tract secretions, commonly used to relieve coughs, colds, and bronchitis, promoting easier breathing and soothing irritated airways. | DUKE | | Fungicide | 24127 | An agent that kills or inhibits the growth of fungi, playing a biological role in preventing fungal infections. Therapeutically, it is used to treat fungal diseases, with key medical applications including athlete's foot, ringworm, and candidiasis, as well as agricultural uses to protect crops from fungal damage. | DUKE | | Herbicide | 24527 | A chemical agent that kills or inhibits plant growth, used in agriculture to control weeds and pests. It has no direct biological role or therapeutic applications in human medicine, but its development has led to the creation of related compounds with potential medical uses, such as anticancer agents. | DUKE | | Insect repellent | 24852 | An agent that deters insects, preventing bites and reducing the transmission of insect-borne diseases. Therapeutically, it helps prevent allergic reactions and decreases the risk of diseases like malaria, Zika, and Lyme disease, making it a key tool in public health and outdoor protection. | DUKE | | Insectifuge | 24852 | A substance that repels insects, playing a biological role in plant defense. Therapeutically, it has applications in preventing insect-borne diseases. Key medical uses include topical repellents for malaria, dengue fever, and other vector-borne illnesses, reducing the risk of transmission. | DUKE | | Irritant | | An agent that causes slight inflammation or discomfort, stimulating a biological response. Therapeutically, it can be used to increase blood flow or stimulate healing. Key medical uses include treating wounds, skin conditions, and respiratory issues, such as congestion, by inducing a mild inflammatory response to promote recovery. | DUKE | | Nematicide | 25491 | An agent that kills nematodes, a type of parasitic worm, used to control infestations in crops and animals, with therapeutic applications in veterinary medicine to treat parasitic infections and promote livestock health. | DUKE | | Oculoirritant | | An agent that causes irritation of the eye, stimulating tear production and protective reflexes. Its biological role involves triggering a defensive response to foreign substances. Therapeutically, it has applications in ophthalmic testing and diagnostics. Key medical uses include assessing corneal health and testing tear function, helping diagnose conditions like dry eye syndrome. | DUKE | | Cytochrome-P450-2B1 inhibitor | 50183 | An agent that blocks the activity of cytochrome-P450-2B1, an enzyme involved in drug metabolism. Therapeutically, it reduces toxicity and enhances efficacy of certain medications, commonly used in managing cancer, neurological disorders, and drug interactions. | DUKE | | Pesticide | 25944 | An agent that kills or repels pests, playing a biological role in controlling insect, weed, and fungal populations. Therapeutically, pesticides have limited applications, but some are used to treat ectoparasitic infestations, such as lice and scabies. Key medical uses include topical treatments for head lice and scabies, highlighting their role in managing parasitic infections. | DUKE | | Respira inhibitor | 35222 | An agent that blocks excessive respiratory drive, reducing breathing rate. Therapeutically, it's used to manage respiratory distress, alleviate symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and facilitate mechanical ventilation in critically ill patients. | DUKE | | Respirastimulant | | An agent that stimulates an increase in tidal volume and respiratory rate, playing a biological role in enhancing respiratory function. Therapeutically, it is used to manage respiratory disorders, with key medical applications including treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), respiratory failure, and apnea. | DUKE | | Rubefacient | | A topical agent that causes skin redness by dilating capillaries and increasing blood circulation, used therapeutically to relieve pain, reduce inflammation, and promote healing in conditions such as arthritis and muscle strain. | DUKE | | Stimulant | | An agent that enhances alertness, wakefulness, and physical activity by increasing brain activity. Therapeutically, it is used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), narcolepsy, and certain cases of depression, improving focus, attention, and overall mental performance. | DUKE | | Transdermal | | A route of administration where active ingredients are delivered through the skin for systemic distribution, used therapeutically to manage conditions like pain, hormone replacement, and smoking cessation, with key medical applications including patches and implants for controlled release of medications. | DUKE | | Verrucolytic | | An agent that treats verruca, a contagious foot wart, by breaking down the lesion, promoting healing, and reducing pain. Therapeutically, it's used to manage plantar warts, with key medical applications in podiatry and dermatology. | DUKE | | Vibriocide | | An agent destructive to Vibrio bacteria, particularly V. cholerae, used to combat cholera and other Vibrio-mediated infections, serving as a therapeutic agent in managing diarrheal diseases and preventing waterborne illnesses. | DUKE |
|
|---|
