<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<compound>
  <version>1.0</version>
  <creation_date>2010-04-08 22:08:24 UTC</creation_date>
  <update_date>2026-09-18 18:02:31 UTC</update_date>
  <accession>FDB009067</accession>
  <name>D-Camphor</name>
  <description>(+)-camphor, also known as formosa camphor or 2-bornanone, is a member of the class of compounds known as bicyclic monoterpenoids. Bicyclic monoterpenoids are monoterpenoids containing exactly 2 rings, which are fused to each other. Thus, (+)-camphor is considered to be an isoprenoid lipid molecule (+)-camphor is practically insoluble (in water) and an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). (+)-camphor is a bitter, camphor, and herbal tasting compound and can be found in a number of food items such as sugar apple, sunflower, fennel, and cardamom, which makes (+)-camphor a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.</description>
  <synonyms>
    <synonym>-camphor</synonym>
    <synonym>(+)-2-Bornanone</synonym>
    <synonym>(+)-bornan-2-one</synonym>
    <synonym>(+)-camphor</synonym>
    <synonym>(+/-)-camphor</synonym>
    <synonym>(1R,4R)-1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one</synonym>
    <synonym>(1R)-(+)-Camphor</synonym>
    <synonym>(1R)-1,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one</synonym>
    <synonym>(r)-(+)-camphor</synonym>
    <synonym>(r)-camphor</synonym>
    <synonym>1,7,7-trimethyl-bicyclo-[2,2,1]heptane-2-one</synonym>
    <synonym>1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]-2-heptanone (camphor)</synonym>
    <synonym>1,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one</synonym>
    <synonym>Alcanfor</synonym>
    <synonym>bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one, 1,7,7-trimethyl-</synonym>
    <synonym>Bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one, 1,7,7-trimethyl-, (1R)-</synonym>
    <synonym>CAM</synonym>
    <synonym>Camphor</synonym>
    <synonym>Camphor usp</synonym>
    <synonym>Camphor, (+)-</synonym>
    <synonym>CAMPHOR, (1R,4R)-(+)-</synonym>
    <synonym>Camphor(d)</synonym>
    <synonym>D-(+)-camphor</synonym>
    <synonym>d-2-Bornanone</synonym>
    <synonym>d-2-Camphanone</synonym>
    <synonym>Japanese camphor</synonym>
  </synonyms>
  <chemical_formula>C10H16O</chemical_formula>
  <average_molecular_weight>152.2334</average_molecular_weight>
  <monisotopic_moleculate_weight>152.120115134</monisotopic_moleculate_weight>
  <iupac_name>1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one</iupac_name>
  <traditional_iupac>camphor</traditional_iupac>
  <cas_registry_number>464-49-3</cas_registry_number>
  <smiles>CC1(C)C2CCC1(C)C(=O)C2</smiles>
  <inchi>InChI=1S/C10H16O/c1-9(2)7-4-5-10(9,3)8(11)6-7/h7H,4-6H2,1-3H3</inchi>
  <inchikey>DSSYKIVIOFKYAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N</inchikey>
  <taxonomy>
    <description> belongs to the class of organic compounds known as bicyclic monoterpenoids. These are monoterpenoids containing exactly 2 rings, which are fused to each other.</description>
    <direct_parent>Bicyclic monoterpenoids</direct_parent>
    <kingdom>Organic compounds</kingdom>
    <super_class>Lipids and lipid-like molecules</super_class>
    <class>Prenol lipids</class>
    <sub_class>Monoterpenoids</sub_class>
    <molecular_framework>Aliphatic homopolycyclic compounds</molecular_framework>
    <alternative_parents>
      <alternative_parent>Hydrocarbon derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Ketones</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Organic oxides</alternative_parent>
    </alternative_parents>
    <substituents>
      <substituent>Aliphatic homopolycyclic compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Bicyclic monoterpenoid</substituent>
      <substituent>Bornane monoterpenoid</substituent>
      <substituent>Carbonyl group</substituent>
      <substituent>Hydrocarbon derivative</substituent>
      <substituent>Ketone</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic oxide</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic oxygen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organooxygen compound</substituent>
    </substituents>
    <external_descriptors>
      <external_descriptor>Bicyclic monoterpenoids</external_descriptor>
      <external_descriptor>Cyclic monoterpenes</external_descriptor>
      <external_descriptor>a small molecule</external_descriptor>
      <external_descriptor>bornane monoterpenoid</external_descriptor>
      <external_descriptor>cyclic monoterpene ketone</external_descriptor>
    </external_descriptors>
  </taxonomy>
  <state/>
  <predicted_properties>
    <property>
      <kind>logp</kind>
      <value>2.85</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>logs</kind>
      <value>-2.24</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>solubility</kind>
      <value>8.80e-01 g/l</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
  </predicted_properties>
  <experimental_properties>
    <property>
      <kind>melting_point</kind>
      <value>178.8 oC</value>
    </property>
  </experimental_properties>
  <property>
    <kind>logp</kind>
    <value>2.55</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>pka_strongest_basic</kind>
    <value>-7.5</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>iupac</kind>
    <value>1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>average_mass</kind>
    <value>152.2334</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>mono_mass</kind>
    <value>152.120115134</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>smiles</kind>
    <value>CC1(C)C2CCC1(C)C(=O)C2</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>formula</kind>
    <value>C10H16O</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>inchi</kind>
    <value>InChI=1S/C10H16O/c1-9(2)7-4-5-10(9,3)8(11)6-7/h7H,4-6H2,1-3H3</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>inchikey</kind>
    <value>DSSYKIVIOFKYAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>polar_surface_area</kind>
    <value>17.07</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>refractivity</kind>
    <value>44.49</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>polarizability</kind>
    <value>17.73</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>rotatable_bond_count</kind>
    <value>0</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>acceptor_count</kind>
    <value>1</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>donor_count</kind>
    <value>0</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>physiological_charge</kind>
    <value>0</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>formal_charge</kind>
    <value>0</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <pathways>
  </pathways>
  <spectra>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>47754</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>47755</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>47756</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>144828</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>144829</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>144830</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>3604825</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>3604826</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>3604827</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>3604828</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>3604829</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>3604830</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
  </spectra>
  <hmdb_id/>
  <pubchem_compound_id/>
  <chemspider_id/>
  <kegg_id/>
  <chebi_id/>
  <biocyc_id/>
  <het_id/>
  <wikipidia/>
  <vmh_id/>
  <fbonto_id/>
  <foodb_id/>
  <general_references>
  </general_references>
  <foods>
    <food>
      <name>Anise</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Pimpinella anisum</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>271192</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Blackberry</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Rubus fruticosus</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id/>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Cardamom</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Elettaria cardamomum</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>105181</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
      <average_value>1.35</average_value>
      <max_value>1.35</max_value>
      <min_value>1.35</min_value>
      <unit>mg/100 g</unit>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Carrot</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Daucus carota ssp. sativus</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>79200</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Cauliflower</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Brassica oleracea var. botrytis</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>3715</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Celery stalks</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>Plant</category>
      <name_scientific>Apium graveolens var. dulce</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>117781</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Ceylon cinnamon</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Cinnamomum verum</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>128608</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Common oregano</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Origanum vulgare</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>39352</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
      <average_value>2.0</average_value>
      <max_value>2.0</max_value>
      <min_value>2.0</min_value>
      <unit>mg/100 g</unit>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Common sage</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Salvia officinalis</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>38868</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
      <average_value>466.2</average_value>
      <max_value>466.2</max_value>
      <min_value>466.2</min_value>
      <unit>mg/100 g</unit>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Common thyme</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Thymus vulgaris</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>49992</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
      <average_value>2.5</average_value>
      <max_value>2.5</max_value>
      <min_value>2.5</min_value>
      <unit>mg/100 g</unit>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Coriander</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Coriandrum sativum</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>4047</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
      <average_value>70.0</average_value>
      <max_value>70.0</max_value>
      <min_value>70.0</min_value>
      <unit>mg/100 g</unit>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Dill</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Anethum graveolens</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>40922</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Evergreen blackberry</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Rubus laciniatus</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id/>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Fennel</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Foeniculum vulgare</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>48038</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
      <average_value>9.5</average_value>
      <max_value>9.5</max_value>
      <min_value>9.5</min_value>
      <unit>mg/100 g</unit>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Ginger</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Zingiber officinale</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>94328</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
      <average_value>3.05</average_value>
      <max_value>3.05</max_value>
      <min_value>3.05</min_value>
      <unit>mg/100 g</unit>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Hyssop</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Hyssopus officinalis</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>39324</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
      <average_value>116.375</average_value>
      <max_value>164.5</max_value>
      <min_value>68.25</min_value>
      <unit>mg/100 g</unit>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Lovage</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Levisticum officinale</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>48042</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
      <average_value>0.55</average_value>
      <max_value>0.55</max_value>
      <min_value>0.55</min_value>
      <unit>mg/100 g</unit>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Mugwort</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Artemisia vulgaris</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>4220</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Nutmeg</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Myristica fragrans</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>51089</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Pepper (C. frutescens)</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Capsicum frutescens</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>40321</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Pepper (Spice)</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Piper nigrum</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>13216</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Pot marjoram</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Origanum onites</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>452416</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
      <average_value>0.0</average_value>
      <max_value>0.0</max_value>
      <min_value>0.0</min_value>
      <unit>mg/100 g</unit>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Rosemary</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Rosmarinus officinalis</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>39367</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
      <average_value>180.916667</average_value>
      <max_value>293.0</max_value>
      <min_value>37.75</min_value>
      <unit>mg/100 g</unit>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Saffron</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Crocus sativus</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>82528</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Sugar apple</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Annona squamosa</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>301693</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Summer savory</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Satureja hortensis</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>49987</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Sunflower</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Helianthus annuus</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>4232</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Sweet basil</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Ocimum basilicum</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>39350</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
      <average_value>1.65</average_value>
      <max_value>1.65</max_value>
      <min_value>1.65</min_value>
      <unit>mg/100 g</unit>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Sweet bay</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Laurus nobilis</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>85223</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Tarragon</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Artemisia dracunculus</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>72341</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
      <average_value>11.0</average_value>
      <max_value>11.0</max_value>
      <min_value>11.0</min_value>
      <unit>mg/100 g</unit>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Turmeric</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Curcuma longa</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>136217</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
      <average_value>76.5</average_value>
      <max_value>76.5</max_value>
      <min_value>76.5</min_value>
      <unit>mg/100 g</unit>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Wild carrot</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Daucus carota</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>4039</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Winter savory</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Satureja montana</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>49988</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
      <average_value>4.0</average_value>
      <max_value>4.0</max_value>
      <min_value>4.0</min_value>
      <unit>mg/100 g</unit>
    </food>
  </foods>
  <flavors>
    <flavor>
      <name>bitter</name>
    </flavor>
    <flavor>
      <name>camphor</name>
    </flavor>
    <flavor>
      <name>herbal</name>
    </flavor>
    <flavor>
      <name>medicinal</name>
    </flavor>
    <flavor>
      <name>minty</name>
    </flavor>
    <flavor>
      <name>phenolic</name>
    </flavor>
    <flavor>
      <name>woody</name>
    </flavor>
  </flavors>
  <enzymes>
    <enzyme>
      <name>Acetyl-coenzyme A transporter 1</name>
      <uniprot_id>O00400</uniprot_id>
      <uniprot_name/>
      <gene_name>SLC33A1</gene_name>
    </enzyme>
  </enzymes>
  <health_effects>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor</name>
      <id>21</id>
      <definition>An EC 3.1.1.* (carboxylic ester hydrolase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of enzyme acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7), which helps breaking down of acetylcholine into choline and acetic acid.</definition>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Allelopathic</name>
      <id>42</id>
      <definition/>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Analgesic</name>
      <id>56</id>
      <definition>An agent capable of relieving pain without the loss of consciousness or without producing anaesthesia. In addition, analgesic is a role played by a compound which is exhibited by a capability to cause a reduction of pain symptoms.</definition>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Anesthetic</name>
      <id>62</id>
      <definition/>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Anti bacterial</name>
      <id>145</id>
      <definition>A substance that kills or slows the growth of bacteria.</definition>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Anti carcinogenic</name>
      <id>161</id>
      <definition>A substance that inhibits or prevents the proliferation of neoplasms.</definition>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Anti cholinesterase</name>
      <id>184</id>
      <definition>An EC 3.1.1.* (carboxylic ester hydrolase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of cholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.8).</definition>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Anti dysenteric</name>
      <id>238</id>
      <definition>Any substance introduced into a living organism with therapeutic or diagnostic purpose.</definition>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Anti emetic</name>
      <id>253</id>
      <definition>A drug used to prevent nausea or vomiting. An antiemetic may act by a wide range of mechanisms: it might affect the medullary control centres (the vomiting centre and the chemoreceptive trigger zone) or affect the peripheral receptors.</definition>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Anti feedant</name>
      <id>275</id>
      <definition/>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Anti neuralgic</name>
      <id>469</id>
      <definition>Any substance introduced into a living organism with therapeutic or diagnostic purpose.</definition>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Anti peroxidative</name>
      <id>520</id>
      <definition/>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Anti pruritic</name>
      <id>558</id>
      <definition>A drug used to treat or prevent skin disorders or for the routine care of skin.</definition>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Anti septic</name>
      <id>603</id>
      <definition>A substance that kills or slows the growth of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoans.</definition>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Anti-acne</name>
      <id>78</id>
      <definition>A drug used to treat or prevent skin disorders or for the routine care of skin.</definition>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Anti-cancer</name>
      <id>159</id>
      <definition>A substance that inhibits or prevents the proliferation of neoplasms.</definition>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Anti-diarrheic</name>
      <id>229</id>
      <definition>Any drug found useful in the symptomatic treatment of diarrhoea.</definition>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Anti-fibrositic</name>
      <id>280</id>
      <definition/>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Anti-inflammatory</name>
      <id>370</id>
      <definition>A substance that reduces or suppresses inflammation.</definition>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Anti-malarial</name>
      <id>416</id>
      <definition>A substance that kills or slows the growth of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoans.</definition>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Anti-oxidant</name>
      <id>502</id>
      <definition>A substance that opposes oxidation or inhibits reactions brought about by dioxygen or peroxides. In European countries, E-numbers for permitted antioxidant food additives are from E 300 to E 324.</definition>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Anti-spasmodic</name>
      <id>619</id>
      <definition>Any substance introduced into a living organism with therapeutic or diagnostic purpose.</definition>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Anti-viral</name>
      <id>689</id>
      <definition>A substance that destroys or inhibits replication of viruses.</definition>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Anti-Zika virus</name>
      <id>1441</id>
      <definition/>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Antitumor</name>
      <id>672</id>
      <definition>A substance that inhibits or prevents the proliferation of neoplasms.</definition>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Cancer preventive</name>
      <id>754</id>
      <definition>A substance that inhibits or prevents the proliferation of neoplasms.</definition>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Carminative</name>
      <id>774</id>
      <definition/>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Central nervous system stimulant</name>
      <id>816</id>
      <definition>A class of drugs producing both physiological and psychological effects through a variety of mechanisms involving the central nervous system.</definition>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Convulsant</name>
      <id>832</id>
      <definition/>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Cosmetic</name>
      <id>838</id>
      <definition>The role played by a substance in enhancing the appearance or odour of the human body; a name given to the substance itself or to a component of it.</definition>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Counterirritant</name>
      <id>839</id>
      <definition/>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Cytochrome-P450-2B1 inhibitor</name>
      <id>1191</id>
      <definition>An enzyme inhibitor that interferes with the activity of cytochrome P450 involved in catalysis of organic substances.</definition>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Cytotoxic</name>
      <id>859</id>
      <definition>A role played by the molecular entity or part thereof which causes the development of a pathological process.</definition>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Decongestant</name>
      <id>862</id>
      <definition>A drug used to relieve nasal congestion in the upper respiratory tract.</definition>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Deliriant</name>
      <id>866</id>
      <definition/>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Ecbolic</name>
      <id>894</id>
      <definition/>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Emetic</name>
      <id>899</id>
      <definition/>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Epileptigenic</name>
      <id>911</id>
      <definition/>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Expectorant</name>
      <id>925</id>
      <definition>Any substance introduced into a living organism with therapeutic or diagnostic purpose.</definition>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Fumigant</name>
      <id>939</id>
      <definition>A volatile or volatilizable chemical compound utilized for control of pests in buildings, soil, grain, as well as during processing of goods to be imported or exported to prevent transfer of exotic organisms.</definition>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Fungicide</name>
      <id>940</id>
      <definition>A substance used to destroy fungal pests.</definition>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Herbicide</name>
      <id>986</id>
      <definition>A substance used to destroy plant pests.</definition>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Inhibitor</name>
      <id>1432</id>
      <definition>A substance that diminishes the rate of a chemical reaction.</definition>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Insect repellent</name>
      <id>1039</id>
      <definition>Strictly, a substance intended to kill members of the class Insecta.  In common usage, any substance used for preventing, destroying, repelling or controlling insects.</definition>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Insecticide</name>
      <id>1040</id>
      <definition>Strictly, a substance intended to kill members of the class Insecta.  In common usage, any substance used for preventing, destroying, repelling or controlling insects.</definition>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Insectifuge</name>
      <id>1041</id>
      <definition>Strictly, a substance intended to kill members of the class Insecta.  In common usage, any substance used for preventing, destroying, repelling or controlling insects.</definition>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Irritant</name>
      <id>1055</id>
      <definition/>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Nematicide</name>
      <id>1141</id>
      <definition>A substance used to destroy pests of the phylum Nematoda (roundworms).</definition>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Oculoirritant</name>
      <id>1172</id>
      <definition/>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Pesticide</name>
      <id>1210</id>
      <definition>Strictly, a substance intended to kill pests. In common usage, any substance used for controlling, preventing, or destroying animal, microbiological or plant pests.</definition>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Respira inhibitor</name>
      <id>1286</id>
      <definition>A substance that diminishes the rate of a chemical reaction.</definition>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Respirastimulant</name>
      <id>1289</id>
      <definition/>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Rubefacient</name>
      <id>1301</id>
      <definition/>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Stimulant</name>
      <id>1329</id>
      <definition/>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Toxic</name>
      <id>1371</id>
      <definition>A role played by the molecular entity or part thereof which causes the development of a pathological process.</definition>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Transdermal</name>
      <id>1374</id>
      <definition/>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Verrucolytic</name>
      <id>1423</id>
      <definition/>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Vibriocide</name>
      <id>1427</id>
      <definition/>
    </health_effect>
  </health_effects>
</compound>
