1.02010-04-08 22:10:22 UTC2019-11-26 03:07:38 UTCFDB012801Ferulic acidFerulic acid, also known as ferulate, is a member of the class of compounds known as hydroxycinnamic acids. Hydroxycinnamic acids are compounds containing an cinnamic acid where the benzene ring is hydroxylated. Ferulic acid is practically insoluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Ferulic acid can be synthesized from cis-cinnamic acid. Ferulic acid is also a parent compound for other transformation products, including but not limited to, (2S,3S)-cis-fertaric acid, (2R,3R)-cis-fertaric acid, and (Z)-4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamoylagmatine. Ferulic acid can be found in a number of food items such as pineapple, pear, evergreen huckleberry, and silver linden, which makes ferulic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Ferulic acid is a hydroxycinnamic acid, a type of organic compound. It is an abundant phenolic phytochemical found in plant cell walls, covalently bonded as side chains to molecules such as arabinoxylans. As a component of lignin, ferulic acid is a precursor in the manufacture of other aromatic compounds. The name is derived from the genus Ferula, referring to the giant fennel (Ferula communis) .4-Hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic acid, 8CICaffeic acid 3-methyl etherFerulic acidC10H10O4194.184194.057908808(2Z)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoic acid(2Z)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoic acid1135-24-6[H]\C(=C(/[H])C1=CC(OC)=C(O)C=C1)C(O)=OInChI=1S/C10H10O4/c1-14-9-6-7(2-4-8(9)11)3-5-10(12)13/h2-6,11H,1H3,(H,12,13)/b5-3-KSEBMYQBYZTDHS-HYXAFXHYSA-N belongs to the class of organic compounds known as hydroxycinnamic acids. Hydroxycinnamic acids are compounds containing an cinnamic acid where the benzene ring is hydroxylated.Hydroxycinnamic acidsOrganic compoundsPhenylpropanoids and polyketidesCinnamic acids and derivativesHydroxycinnamic acids and derivativesAromatic homomonocyclic compounds1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoidsAlkyl aryl ethersAnisolesCarbonyl compoundsCarboxylic acidsCinnamic acidsCoumaric acids and derivativesHydrocarbon derivativesMethoxybenzenesMethoxyphenolsMonocarboxylic acids and derivativesOrganic oxidesPhenoxy compoundsStyrenes1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoidAlkyl aryl etherAnisoleAromatic homomonocyclic compoundBenzenoidCarbonyl groupCarboxylic acidCarboxylic acid derivativeCinnamic acidCoumaric acid or derivativesEtherHydrocarbon derivativeHydroxycinnamic acidMethoxybenzeneMethoxyphenolMonocarboxylic acid or derivativesMonocyclic benzene moietyOrganic oxideOrganic oxygen compoundOrganooxygen compoundPhenolPhenol etherPhenoxy compoundStyreneferulic acidslogp1.58logs-2.33solubility9.06e-01 g/llogp1.67pka_strongest_acidic3.27pka_strongest_basic-4.9iupac(2Z)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoic acidaverage_mass194.184mono_mass194.057908808smiles[H]\C(=C(/[H])C1=CC(OC)=C(O)C=C1)C(O)=OformulaC10H10O4inchiInChI=1S/C10H10O4/c1-14-9-6-7(2-4-8(9)11)3-5-10(12)13/h2-6,11H,1H3,(H,12,13)/b5-3-inchikeyKSEBMYQBYZTDHS-HYXAFXHYSA-Npolar_surface_area66.76refractivity51.5polarizability18.8rotatable_bond_count3acceptor_count4donor_count2physiological_charge-1formal_charge0Specdb::CMs1643Specdb::CMs76870Specdb::CMs155675Specdb::MsMs984488Specdb::MsMs984489Specdb::MsMs984490Specdb::MsMs1108907Specdb::MsMs1108908Specdb::MsMs1108909Specdb::MsMs2355162Specdb::MsMs2355163Specdb::MsMs2355164Specdb::MsMs2606608Specdb::MsMs2606609Specdb::MsMs2606610AlmondType 1specificPrunus dulcis3755AmaranthType 1specificAmaranthus3564American cranberryType 1specificVaccinium macrocarpon137503.3698.7899999620.5mg/100 gAniseType 1specificPimpinella anisum2711921.21.2000000481.200000048mg/100 gAnnual wild riceType 1specificZizania aquatica75727AppleType 1specificMalus pumila2832100.9105064.950.0mg/100 gApricotType 1specificPrunus armeniaca365960.1035560.2022222280.008mg/100 gArabica coffeeType 1specificCoffea arabica134434.18444512.5533339180.0mg/100 gBamboo shootsType 1specificPhyllostachys edulis38705BarleyType 1specificHordeum vulgare4513BeerType 2specific1.2112384.50.0mg/100 gBilberryType 1specificVaccinium myrtillus1807631.15052.3010001180.0mg/100 gBlack elderberryType 1specificSambucus nigra4202Black huckleberryType 1specificGaylussacia baccata1288932.1666672.1666666672.166666667mg/100 gBlack raspberryType 1specificRubus occidentalis750790.00.00.0mg/100 gBlack walnutType 1specificJuglans nigra16719BlackberryType 1specificRubus3.253.253.25mg/100 gBlackcurrantType 1specificRibes nigrum785110.651.30.0mg/100 gBog bilberryType 1specificVaccinium uliginosum1905484.6033334.6033334734.603333473mg/100 gBreakfast cerealType 2specificBroad beanType 1specificVicia faba39061.51.51.5mg/100 gBroccoliType 1specificBrassica oleracea var. italica3677411.552712.128110.9773mg/100 gBrussel sproutsType 1specificBrassica oleracea var. gemmifera1786161.01.01.0mg/100 gBulgurType 2specificCabbageType 1specificBrassica oleracea var. capitata37161.21.21.2mg/100 gCarobType 1specificCeratonia siliqua20340CarrotType 1specificDaucus carota ssp. sativus79200Cascade huckleberryType 1specificVaccinium deliciosum1905312.262.259999992.25999999mg/100 gCauliflowerType 1specificBrassica oleracea var. botrytis37150.5350.5350000260.535000026mg/100 gCereals and cereal productsUnknowngenericCherry tomatoType 1specificSolanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme1955830.1366670.1366666670.136666667mg/100 gChickpeaType 1specificCicer arietinum38274.34.3000001914.300000191mg/100 gChicoryType 1specificCichorium intybus13427ChivesType 1specificAllium schoenoprasum74900ChocolateType 2specific24.024.024.0mg/100 gCloudberryType 1specificRubus chamaemorus579361.01.01.0mg/100 gCocoa beanType 1specificTheobroma cacao3641Cocoa powderType 2specific0.00.00.0mg/100 gCoconutType 1specificCocos nucifera13894CoffeeType 1genericCoffea134424.18444512.5533339180.0mg/100 gCommon beanType 1specificPhaseolus vulgaris38859.33816326.6000003810.303333333mg/100 gCommon beetType 1specificBeta vulgaris161934Common buckwheatType 1specificFagopyrum esculentum36170.0090.0270000010.0mg/100 gCommon grapeType 1specificVitis vinifera297600.0120.0120.012mg/100 gCommon oreganoType 1specificOriganum vulgare393525.25.1999998095.199999809mg/100 gCommon peaType 1specificPisum sativum38881.41.3999999761.399999976mg/100 gCommon sageType 1specificSalvia officinalis388685.355.8000001914.900000095mg/100 gCommon thymeType 1specificThymus vulgaris499922.8255.6500000950.0mg/100 gCommon walnutType 1specificJuglans regia512401.2946673.750.064mg/100 gCommon wheatType 1specificTriticum aestivum456534.021543123.5400009160.156560004mg/100 gCorianderType 1specificCoriandrum sativum40475.645511.2910003660.0mg/100 gCornType 1specificZea mays457774.095694170.6424840290.533226639mg/100 gCowpeaType 1specificVigna unguiculata39178.98.8999996198.899999619mg/100 gCucumberType 1specificCucumis sativus36590.065250.07230.0582mg/100 gCucurbitaType 1specificCucurbita36600.00.00.0mg/100 gCuminType 1specificCuminum cyminum524625.85.8000001915.800000191mg/100 gDandelionType 1specificTaraxacum officinale50225DateType 1specificPhoenix dactylifera423459.01083311.8266669916.110000134mg/100 gDillType 1specificAnethum graveolens409220.0230670.03880.0mg/100 gEggplantType 1specificSolanum melongena41110.372160.67950.22mg/100 gEuropean cranberryType 1specificVaccinium oxycoccos5169482.93755.8750002380.0mg/100 gEuropean plumType 1specificPrunus domestica37580.2318750.927499970.0mg/100 gEvening primroseType 1specificOenothera biennis3942Evergreen blackberryType 1specificRubus laciniatus3.253.253.25mg/100 gEvergreen huckleberryType 1specificVaccinium ovatum8401910.8810.88000011410.880000114mg/100 gFennelType 1specificFoeniculum vulgare480385.7557.4099998474.099999905mg/100 gFenugreekType 1specificTrigonella foenum-graecum785341.48332.9665999410.0mg/100 gFigType 1specificFicus carica3494FlaxseedType 1specificLinum usitatissimum4006FlourType 2specificGarden onionType 1specificAllium cepa46790.11850.1190.118mg/100 gGarden rhubarbType 1specificRheum rhabarbarum36210.80.80.8mg/100 gGarden tomato (var.)Type 1specificSolanum lycopersicum var. lycopersicum3977550.2782220.2782222230.278222223mg/100 gGerman camomileType 1specificMatricaria recutita1279861.61.6000000241.600000024mg/100 gGingerType 1specificZingiber officinale94328GooseberryType 1specificRibes uva-crispa135518Grape wineType 2specific0.0700850.0947499990.031mg/100 gGrapefruitType 1specificCitrus X paradisi376562.67755.3390002250.016000001mg/100 gGreen beanType 1specificPhaseolus vulgaris38856.57309512.8428571560.303333333mg/100 gGreen bell pepperType 1specificCapsicum annuum40720.461950.46570.4582mg/100 gGreen zucchiniType 1specificCucurbita pepo var. cylindrica0.93760.95190.9233mg/100 gHalf-highbush blueberryType 1specificVaccinium angustifolium X Vaccinium corymbosum9346964.9233334.9233333274.923333327mg/100 gHard wheatType 1specificTriticum durum456732.36381472.2099990842.321925029mg/100 gHighbush blueberryType 1specificVaccinium corymbosum692662.2615494.4274999040.5mg/100 gHyssopType 1specificHyssopus officinalis3932413.213.19999980913.199999809mg/100 gItalian sweet red pepperType 1specificCapsicum annuum40720.24910.25370.2445mg/100 gJapanese pumpkinType 1specificCucurbita maxima36610.130650.14820.1131mg/100 gLambsquartersType 1specificChenopodium album3559LemonType 1specificCitrus limon27082.72.72.7mg/100 gLemon balmType 1specificMelissa officinalis3933848.048.048.0mg/100 gLentilsType 1genericLens culinaris38640.0706250.0740000010.06725mg/100 gLettuceType 1specificLactuca sativa4236Lima beanType 1specificPhaseolus lunatus38843.93.9000000953.900000095mg/100 gLovageType 1specificLevisticum officinale48042Lowbush blueberryType 1specificVaccinium angustifolium4723690.00.00.0mg/100 gMalabar spinachType 1specificBasella alba3589Mandarin orange (Clementine, Tangerine)Type 1specificCitrus reticulata85571MilletType 1specificPanicum miliaceum4540Mung beanType 1specificVigna radiata1577910.00.00.0mg/100 gMuskmelonType 1specificCucumis melo3656OatType 1specificAvena sativa449813.99377835.8240432740.190289995mg/100 gOliveType 1specificOlea europaea41465.54420822.00.019581883mg/100 gOpium poppyType 1specificPapaver somniferum3469Oriental wheatType 1specificTriticum turanicum376534Oval-leaf huckleberryType 1specificVaccinium ovalifolium1905441.7966671.7966666621.796666662mg/100 gParsleyType 1specificPetroselinum crispum40430.00.00.0mg/100 gParsnipType 1specificPastinaca sativa404193.8354112.62175.0498mg/100 gPeachType 1specificPrunus persica3760Peach (var.)Type 1specificPrunus persica var. persica3238520.00.00.0mg/100 gPeanutType 1specificArachis hypogaea38184.54.54.5mg/100 gPearType 1specificPyrus communis232110.00.00.0mg/100 gPepper (C. frutescens)Type 1specificCapsicum annuum var. annuum40321Pigeon peaType 1specificCajanus cajan38210.00.00.0mg/100 gPineappleType 1specificAnanas comosus461548.048.048.0mg/100 gPomegranateType 1specificPunica granatum226630.0005380.0005384620.000538462mg/100 gPotatoType 1specificSolanum tuberosum41132.82.82.8mg/100 gPurslaneType 1specificPortulaca oleracea46147QuinceType 1specificCydonia oblonga36610QuinoaType 1specificChenopodium quinoa63459Rabbiteye blueberryType 1specificVaccinium virgatum8.4858.4858.485mg/100 gRadishType 1specificRaphanus sativus37261.61.61.6mg/100 gRapeType 1specificBrassica napus var. napus1380110.160.1599999960.159999996mg/100 gRed beetrootType 1specificBeta vulgaris var. rubraRed bell pepperType 1specificCapsicum annuum4072Red huckleberryType 1specificVaccinium parvifolium1807663.853.8500000643.850000064mg/100 gRed raspberryType 1specificRubus idaeus322470.51.00.0mg/100 gRed riceType 1specificOryza rufipogon4529RedcurrantType 1specificRibes rubrum1752280.00.00.0mg/100 gRiceType 1specificOryza sativa45309.24317529.7596015930.105600002mg/100 gRobusta coffeeType 1specificCoffea canephora493904.18444512.5533339180.0mg/100 gRomaine lettuceType 1specificLactuca sativa L. var. longifolia0.37790.42890.3269mg/100 gRoman camomileType 1specificChamaemelum nobile99037RosemaryType 1specificRosmarinus officinalis393673.65.1999998092.0mg/100 gRubus (Blackberry, Raspberry)Type 1specificRubus232161.6253.250.0mg/100 gRyeType 1specificSecale cereale455038.268691.4939999580.451800004mg/100 gRye breadType 2specific56.900001109.9000015263.900000095mg/100 gSea-buckthornberryType 1specificHippophae rhamnoides1935160.00.00.0mg/100 gSemolinaType 2specific64.04719864.04719765464.047197654mg/100 gSesameType 1specificSesamum orientale4182SherryType 2specific0.02940.02940.0294mg/100 gSilver lindenType 1specificTilia argentea0.00.00.0mg/100 gSoft-necked garlicType 1specificAllium sativum L. var. sativum46822.72.72.7mg/100 gSorghumType 1specificSorghum bicolor4558Sour cherryType 1specificPrunus cerasus1403110.00.00.0mg/100 gSoy beanType 1specificGlycine max38474.040315.6999998090.0012mg/100 gSpearmintType 1specificMentha spicata297192.85.5999999050.0mg/100 gSpeltType 1specificTriticum spelta58933SpinachType 1specificSpinacia oleracea35621.61.61.6mg/100 gStrawberryType 1specificFragaria X ananassa37470.00.00.0mg/100 gSunflowerType 1specificHelianthus annuus42320.250.250.25mg/100 gSweet basilType 1specificOcimum basilicum393502.04.00.0mg/100 gSweet cherryType 1specificPrunus avium422290.00.00.0mg/100 gSweet marjoramType 1specificOriganum majorana2688848.159.1999998097.099999905mg/100 gSweet orangeType 1specificCitrus sinensis27113.4195594.3998077511.45mg/100 gSwiss chardType 1specificBeta vulgaris ssp. cicla15272006.97510.8000001913.400000095mg/100 gTarragonType 1specificArtemisia dracunculus723413.83.83.8mg/100 gTartary buckwheatType 1specificFagopyrum tataricum62330TeffType 1specificEragrostis tef110835TriticaleType 1specificX Triticosecale rimpauiTurnipType 1specificBrassica rapa var. rapa513503.936.48860.606100023mg/100 gVinegarType 2specific0.1101360.1101357890.110135789mg/100 gWheatType 1specificTriticum4564White cabbageType 1specificBrassica oleracea L. var. capitata L. f. alba DC.1.21.21.2mg/100 gWhite wineType 23.23.23.2mg/100 gWild carrotType 1specificDaucus carota4039Wild celeryType 1specificApium graveolens4045Wild leekType 1specificAllium ampeloprasum4681Wild riceType 1specificZizania15949Yali pearType 1specificPyrus × bretschneideriYellow bell pepperType 1specificCapsicum annuum40720.032850.04070.025mg/100 gYellow wax beanType 1specificPhaseolus vulgaris38856.57309512.8428571560.303333333mg/100 gallelopathic42analgesic56An agent capable of relieving pain without the loss of consciousness or without producing anaesthesia. In addition, analgesic is a role played by a compound which is exhibited by a capability to cause a reduction of pain symptoms.anti aggregant94anti allergic103A drug used to treat allergic reactions.anti arrhythmic129A drug used for the treatment or prevention of cardiac arrhythmias. Anti-arrhythmia drugs may affect the polarisation-repolarisation phase of the action potential, its excitability or refractoriness, or impulse conduction or membrane responsiveness within cardiac fibres.anti bacterial145A substance that kills or slows the growth of bacteria.anti cancer159A substance that inhibits or prevents the proliferation of neoplasms.anti carcinogenic161A substance that inhibits or prevents the proliferation of neoplasms.anti dysmenorrheic241Any substance introduced into a living organism with therapeutic or diagnostic purpose.anti estrogenic272A substance that diminishes the rate of a chemical reaction.anti hepatotoxic328Any compound that is able to prevent damage to the liver.anti herpetic329A substance that destroys or inhibits replication of viruses.anti inflammatory370A substance that reduces or suppresses inflammation.anti leukemic393A substance that inhibits or prevents the proliferation of neoplasms.anti mitotic441anti mutagenic451anti neoplastic465A substance that inhibits or prevents the proliferation of neoplasms.anti nitrosaminic480anti radicular572anti serotonin608anti spasmodic619Any substance introduced into a living organism with therapeutic or diagnostic purpose.anti thrombic647Drug that acts on blood and blood-forming organs and those that affect the hemostatic system.anti viral689A substance that destroys or inhibits replication of viruses.antioxidant502A substance that opposes oxidation or inhibits reactions brought about by dioxygen or peroxides. In European countries, E-numbers for permitted antioxidant food additives are from E 300 to E 324.antitumor672A substance that inhibits or prevents the proliferation of neoplasms.antitumor promoter673A substance that inhibits or prevents the proliferation of neoplasms.arteriodilator708cancer preventive754A substance that inhibits or prevents the proliferation of neoplasms.candidicide756cardiac764A drug used for the treatment or prevention of cardiac arrhythmias. Anti-arrhythmia drugs may affect the polarisation-repolarisation phase of the action potential, its excitability or refractoriness, or impulse conduction or membrane responsiveness within cardiac fibres.cholagogue800choleretic801fungicide940A substance used to destroy fungal pests.hepatoprotective981Any compound that is able to prevent damage to the liver.hepatotropic985herbicide986A substance used to destroy plant pests.hydrocholerectic999hypolipidemic1020immunostimulant1032A substance that augments, stimulates, activates, potentiates, or modulates the immune response at either the cellular or humoral level. A classical agent (Freund's adjuvant, BCG, Corynebacterium parvum, et al.) contains bacterial antigens. It could also be endogenous (e.g., histamine, interferon, transfer factor, tuftsin, interleukin-1). Its mode of action is either non-specific, resulting in increased immune responsiveness to a wide variety of antigens, or antigen-specific, i.e., affecting a restricted type of immune response to a narrow group of antigens. The therapeutic efficacy is related to its antigen-specific immunoadjuvanticity.insectifuge1041Strictly, a substance intended to kill members of the class Insecta. In common usage, any substance used for preventing, destroying, repelling or controlling insects.metal chelator1100A ligand with two or more separate binding sites that can bind to a single metallic central atom, forming a chelate.ornithine-decarboxylase inhibitor1175A compound or agent that combines with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction.pesticide1210Strictly, a substance intended to kill pests. In common usage, any substance used for controlling, preventing, or destroying animal, microbiological or plant pests.phagocytotic1212preservative1241Substances which are added to food in order to prevent decomposition caused by microbial growth or by undesirable chemical changes.prostaglandigenic1254prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor1258A substance that diminishes the rate of a chemical reaction.sunscreen1337Any substance introduced into a living organism with therapeutic or diagnostic purpose.uteros sedative1404Any substance introduced into a living organism with therapeutic or diagnostic purpose.