| Acaricide | 22153 | An agent that kills mites and ticks, used to control infestations and prevent diseases like scabies and tick-borne illnesses. Therapeutically, acaricides are applied topically or systemically to treat parasitic infections, reducing discomfort and preventing disease transmission. Key medical uses include treating acariasis, demodectic mange, and tick paralysis. | DUKE |
| Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor | 38462 | An agent that blocks the breakdown of acetylcholine, increasing its concentration and enhancing cholinergic transmission. Therapeutically, it improves cognitive function and muscle contraction, commonly used in managing Alzheimer's disease, myasthenia gravis, and glaucoma. | DUKE |
| Allelochemic | | A chemical released by plants that interacts with other organisms, influencing their behavior or growth. Its biological role involves plant defense and communication. Therapeutically, allelochemics have anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties, with applications in managing anxiety, pain, and infections, as well as potential anticancer uses. | DUKE |
| Allergenic | 50904 | A substance that triggers an immune response, causing allergic reactions. Its biological role is to stimulate the immune system, but it has no therapeutic applications. Key medical uses include diagnosing allergies and developing immunotherapies to desensitize patients to specific allergens, reducing the risk of severe reactions. | DUKE |
| Anti acetylcholinesterase | 38462 | An agent that inhibits acetylcholinesterase, increasing acetylcholine levels. It enhances cholinergic transmission, used therapeutically to treat Alzheimer's disease, myasthenia gravis, and glaucoma, improving cognitive function, muscle strength, and reducing intraocular pressure. | DUKE |
| Anti adenomic | 35610 | An agent that inhibits adenoma growth, reducing tumor formation. It plays a biological role in regulating cell proliferation and differentiation. Therapeutically, it is used to prevent or treat adenoma-related disorders, with key medical applications in managing conditions such as colon polyps, pituitary adenomas, and other glandular tumors. | DUKE |
| Anti-Alzheimeran | 52217 | An agent that inhibits the progression of Alzheimer's disease, reducing beta-amyloid plaque formation and neuroinflammation. Therapeutically, it improves cognitive function and memory, commonly used in managing mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders. | DUKE |
| Anti-asthmatic | 49167 | An agent that relieves bronchospasm and inflammation, commonly used to manage asthma symptoms, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and other respiratory disorders, improving lung function and overall respiratory health. | DUKE |
| Anti bacterial | 33282 | An agent that inhibits the growth of or destroys bacteria, playing a crucial role in preventing and treating infections. Therapeutically, it is used to combat bacterial infections, with key medical applications including treating pneumonia, tuberculosis, and skin infections, as well as preventing surgical site infections and sepsis. | DUKE |
| Anti-cancer | 35610 | An agent that inhibits the growth and proliferation of cancer cells, used to treat and manage various types of cancer, including chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, to reduce tumor size, prevent metastasis, and improve patient survival. | DUKE |
| Anti esophagitic | | An agent that reduces esophageal inflammation, commonly used to treat conditions such as esophagitis, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and swallowing disorders, promoting healing and relieving symptoms like heartburn and chest pain. | DUKE |
| Anti feedant | | A substance that inhibits normal feeding behavior, found in certain plants, deterring insects and animals from consuming them. Its therapeutic applications include pest control, while key medical uses involve managing insect-borne diseases and reducing crop damage. | DUKE |
| Anti-flu | 22587 | An agent that prevents or treats influenza virus infections, reducing symptoms and complications. Its biological role involves blocking viral replication, and its therapeutic applications include prophylaxis and treatment of flu outbreaks. Key medical uses include reducing the risk of flu-related hospitalizations and mortality, especially in high-risk populations such as the elderly and young children. | DUKE |
| Anti-inflammatory | 35472 | An agent that reduces inflammation, playing a biological role in suppressing immune responses and therapeutic applications in managing pain, swelling, and redness. Key medical uses include treating arthritis, allergies, and autoimmune disorders, as well as relieving symptoms of conditions such as asthma and dermatitis. | DUKE |
| Anti-lithic | | An agent that prevents the formation of calculi (kidney stones) or promotes their dissolution, playing a key role in urology. Its therapeutic applications include managing kidney stone disease, nephrolithiasis, and urinary tract disorders, helping to alleviate pain and prevent complications. | DUKE |
| Anti-lymphomic | | An agent that targets and destroys lymphatic cells that form tumors, playing a crucial role in cancer treatment. Therapeutically, it is used to manage lymphomas, with key medical applications in chemotherapy and immunotherapy to combat blood cell cancers. | DUKE |
| Anti metastatic | 35610 | An agent that inhibits cancer cell spread, reducing tumor metastasis. It plays a biological role in blocking cell migration and invasion, and has therapeutic applications in cancer treatment. Key medical uses include preventing cancer recurrence and improving survival rates in patients with various types of cancer. | DUKE |
| Anti-mutagenic | | An agent that interferes with the mutagenicity of a substance, preventing DNA damage and mutations. Its biological role is to protect cells from genetic alterations, and it has therapeutic applications in cancer prevention and treatment, as well as key medical uses in reducing the risk of genetic disorders and birth defects. | DUKE |
| Anti-obesity | 52217 | An agent that reduces body weight, commonly used in managing obesity and related disorders, by regulating appetite, metabolism, and fat storage, with therapeutic applications in preventing chronic diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. | DUKE |
| Anti septic | 33281 | An agent that prevents or reduces the growth of microorganisms, such as bacteria, fungi, or viruses, to promote wound healing and prevent infection. Therapeutically, anti septics are used to treat minor cuts, scrapes, and burns, and are commonly applied topically to reduce the risk of infection and promote tissue repair. Key medical uses include wound care, surgical site preparation, and skin infection management. | DUKE |
| Anti-spasmodic | 52217 | An agent that relaxes smooth muscle, reducing muscle spasms and cramps. It plays a biological role in regulating muscle tone and is therapeutically applied to treat conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome, menstrual cramps, and muscle spasms, providing relief from abdominal pain and discomfort. | DUKE |
| Antitumor | 35610 | An agent that inhibits tumor growth and proliferation, playing a crucial role in cancer treatment. Therapeutically, antitumors are used to manage various types of cancer, including chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, helping to reduce tumor size, prevent metastasis, and improve patient outcomes. | DUKE |
| Anti-viral | 22587 | An agent that inhibits the replication of viruses, playing a crucial role in preventing and treating viral infections. Therapeutically, anti-virals are used to manage diseases such as HIV, herpes, and influenza, reducing symptoms and slowing disease progression. Key medical uses include treating viral hepatitis, respiratory syncytial virus, and COVID-19. | DUKE |
| Apoptotic | | An agent that stimulates programmed cell death, playing a crucial biological role in eliminating damaged or unwanted cells. It has therapeutic applications in cancer treatment, and key medical uses include inducing cell death in malignant cells, reducing tumor growth, and enhancing chemotherapy efficacy. | DUKE |
| Bronchoprotectant | 52217 | An agent that protects the airways from irritants and inflammation, preventing bronchospasm. Therapeutically, it is used to manage respiratory conditions such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), reducing symptoms and improving lung function. | DUKE |
| Cancer preventive | 35610 | An agent that inhibits the development and progression of cancer, reducing tumor formation and growth. It plays a biological role in blocking carcinogenic pathways, and has therapeutic applications in chemoprevention. Key medical uses include reducing the risk of cancer in high-risk individuals and preventing cancer recurrence. | DUKE |
| Candidistat | | An antifungal agent that inhibits the growth of Candida species, such as Candida albicans, used to treat fungal infections, particularly candidiasis. | DUKE |
| Chemopreventive | 35610 | An agent that prevents or delays the development of cancer, reducing the risk of tumor formation and progression. It plays a biological role in inhibiting carcinogenesis, and has therapeutic applications in cancer prevention, with key medical uses including reducing the risk of colorectal, breast, and prostate cancers. | DUKE |
| Cholesterolytic | | An enzyme that breaks down cholesterol, playing a key biological role in lipid metabolism. Therapeutically, it has applications in managing hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis, with potential uses in cardiovascular disease prevention and treatment. | DUKE |
| Cytochrome-p450 inducer | | An agent that stimulates cytochrome-p450 enzyme activity, enhancing drug metabolism. Therapeutically, it increases clearance of toxic substances and certain medications, with applications in managing drug interactions, toxic exposures, and some cancers. | DUKE |
| Detoxicant | 50247 | An agent that facilitates the removal of toxins from the body, playing a crucial role in reducing oxidative stress and inflammation. Therapeutically, detoxicants are used to treat poisoning, heavy metal exposure, and liver diseases, promoting overall health and well-being by neutralizing harmful substances. | DUKE |
| Enterocontractant | | An agent that stimulates muscle contractions of the intestine, aiding in bowel movement and digestion. It has therapeutic applications in treating constipation, bowel obstruction, and gastrointestinal motility disorders, making it a key medical use in managing digestive health issues. | DUKE |
| Expectorant | 52217 | An agent that thins and loosens mucus, making it easier to cough up, reducing congestion. It aids in clearing respiratory tract secretions, commonly used to relieve coughs, colds, and bronchitis, promoting easier breathing and soothing irritated airways. | DUKE |
| Name | 48318 | flavor | DUKE |
| Fungiphilic | | An agent that attracts or binds to fungi, playing a biological role in modulating fungal growth and interactions. Therapeutically, fungiphilic agents have applications in managing fungal infections and diseases. Key medical uses include treating mycoses, supporting antimicrobial therapies, and enhancing host-fungal interactions to prevent infections. | DUKE |
| Fungistat | | An agent that inhibits fungal growth, used to prevent fungal infections, commonly applied in therapeutic applications such as treating skin and nail infections, and managing fungal diseases in immunocompromised patients. | DUKE |
| Glutathione-S-transferase inducer | | An agent that stimulates the activity of glutathione S-transferase enzymes, enhancing detoxification and antioxidant defenses. It has therapeutic applications in reducing oxidative stress and inflammation, with key medical uses in cancer prevention, neuroprotection, and liver health. | DUKE |
| Herbicide | 24527 | A chemical agent that kills or inhibits plant growth, used in agriculture to control weeds and pests. It has no direct biological role or therapeutic applications in human medicine, but its development has led to the creation of related compounds with potential medical uses, such as anticancer agents. | DUKE |
| Histaminic | | A physiologically active amine that stimulates gastric secretion, causes capillary dilation, constricts bronchial smooth muscle, and lowers blood pressure. It plays a key role in allergic reactions, and its therapeutic applications include treating allergies, gastric disorders, and respiratory issues, with medical uses in antihistamines and gastric acid regulators. | DUKE |
| Immunomodulator | 50846 | An agent that regulates the immune system, modifying its response to maintain balance. Therapeutically, it's used to treat autoimmune diseases, prevent transplant rejection, and manage chronic inflammatory conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis. | DUKE |
| Insecticide | 24852 | An agent that kills or repels insects, used to control pests and prevent disease transmission. Therapeutically, insecticides have applications in public health and veterinary medicine, key medical uses include controlling insect-borne diseases such as malaria, typhus, and Lyme disease. | DUKE |
| Insectifuge | 24852 | A substance that repels insects, playing a biological role in plant defense. Therapeutically, it has applications in preventing insect-borne diseases. Key medical uses include topical repellents for malaria, dengue fever, and other vector-borne illnesses, reducing the risk of transmission. | DUKE |
| Interleukin-6 inhibitor | 35222 | An agent that blocks the activity of interleukin-6, a cytokine involved in inflammation and immune response. Therapeutically, it reduces inflammation and is used to treat autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, and certain types of cancer. | DUKE |
| Irritant | | An agent that causes slight inflammation or discomfort, stimulating a biological response. Therapeutically, it can be used to increase blood flow or stimulate healing. Key medical uses include treating wounds, skin conditions, and respiratory issues, such as congestion, by inducing a mild inflammatory response to promote recovery. | DUKE |
| Lipolytic | | An agent that stimulates hydrolysis of fats into fatty acids and glycerol, playing a key biological role in fat metabolism. Therapeutically, lipolytics have applications in managing obesity and hypertriglyceridemia, with medical uses including weight loss and improving lipid profiles. | DUKE |
| Myorelaxant | | An agent that reduces muscle contractility by blocking nerve impulses or decreasing motor end plate excitability, used therapeutically to relieve muscle spasms, tension, and pain, commonly in managing musculoskeletal disorders, anxiety, and insomnia. | DUKE |
| Nematicide | 25491 | An agent that kills nematodes, a type of parasitic worm, used to control infestations in crops and animals, with therapeutic applications in veterinary medicine to treat parasitic infections and promote livestock health. | DUKE |
| Nitric-oxide-genic | | An agent that increases nitric oxide levels in the blood, acting as a vasodilator to improve blood flow. It plays a biological role in regulating vascular tone and has therapeutic applications in managing cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertension and angina, and erectile dysfunction. | DUKE |
| Ornithine-decarboxylase inhibitor | 23924 | An agent that blocks the activity of ornithine decarboxylase, an enzyme involved in cell growth and proliferation. It reduces polyamine synthesis, inhibiting tumor growth and proliferation. Therapeutically, it is used to treat cancer, particularly in combination with other therapies, and has potential applications in managing parasitic infections and skin disorders. | DUKE |
| Ozone scavenger | | An agent that neutralizes ozone, reducing oxidative stress and inflammation. It has therapeutic applications in protecting tissues from ozone damage and is used medically to prevent respiratory issues and skin irritation. | DUKE |
| Peristaltic | | An agent that stimulates peristalsis, promoting muscle contractions in the digestive tract to move food through the system, aiding digestion and bowel movements, with therapeutic applications in treating constipation, gastrointestinal disorders, and post-surgical bowel obstruction. | DUKE |
| Pesticide | 25944 | An agent that kills or repels pests, playing a biological role in controlling insect, weed, and fungal populations. Therapeutically, pesticides have limited applications, but some are used to treat ectoparasitic infestations, such as lice and scabies. Key medical uses include topical treatments for head lice and scabies, highlighting their role in managing parasitic infections. | DUKE |
| Photosensitizer | | A molecule that absorbs light energy, triggering chemical reactions. Its biological role involves generating reactive species, and therapeutic applications include photodynamic therapy for cancer, acne, and macular degeneration, as well as antimicrobial treatments. Key medical uses | DUKE |
| Sedative | 35717 | An agent that calms nervous activity, reducing anxiety and inducing relaxation. Its biological role is to slow down brain function, promoting sleep and relieving stress. Therapeutically, sedatives are used to manage insomnia, anxiety disorders, and seizures, as well as to prepare patients for medical procedures. | DUKE |
| Transdermal | | A route of administration where active ingredients are delivered through the skin for systemic distribution, used therapeutically to manage conditions like pain, hormone replacement, and smoking cessation, with key medical applications including patches and implants for controlled release of medications. | DUKE |
