| Analgesic | 35480 | An agent that relieves pain by reducing or blocking pain signals in the brain, commonly used to manage acute or chronic pain, inflammation, and fever, with therapeutic applications in surgery, injury, and disease treatment. | DUKE |
| Anti-Alzheimeran | 52217 | An agent that inhibits the progression of Alzheimer's disease, reducing beta-amyloid plaque formation and neuroinflammation. Therapeutically, it improves cognitive function and memory, commonly used in managing mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders. | DUKE |
| Anti-arrhythmic | 38070 | An agent that regulates heart rhythm, correcting irregular heartbeat patterns. Therapeutically, it restores normal cardiac function, commonly used to manage arrhythmias, prevent sudden cardiac death, and treat conditions like atrial fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia. | DUKE |
| Anti-arthritic | 52217 | An agent that reduces joint inflammation and alleviates symptoms of arthritis, commonly used in managing rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and other inflammatory joint disorders, to improve mobility and quality of life. | DUKE |
| Anti bacterial | 33282 | An agent that inhibits the growth of or destroys bacteria, playing a crucial role in preventing and treating infections. Therapeutically, it is used to combat bacterial infections, with key medical applications including treating pneumonia, tuberculosis, and skin infections, as well as preventing surgical site infections and sepsis. | DUKE |
| Anti-cancer | 35610 | An agent that inhibits the growth and proliferation of cancer cells, used to treat and manage various types of cancer, including chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, to reduce tumor size, prevent metastasis, and improve patient survival. | DUKE |
| Anti carcinomic | 35610 | An agent that inhibits the growth and proliferation of cancer cells, playing a crucial role in cancer prevention and treatment. Therapeutically, it is used to manage and treat various types of cancer, reducing tumor size and slowing disease progression, with key medical uses in oncology and chemotherapy. | DUKE |
| Anti cariogenic | 52217 | An agent that prevents tooth decay, reducing bacterial acid production and plaque formation. Its biological role is to inhibit the growth of cariogenic bacteria, and its therapeutic applications include preventing dental caries and managing tooth decay. Key medical uses include toothpaste, mouthwashes, and dental varnishes to maintain oral health. | DUKE |
| Anti-cholestatic | | An agent that stimulates bile output from the liver, relieving bile flow obstruction. It is used to treat cholestasis, a condition where bile flow is reduced, and has therapeutic applications in managing liver and gallbladder disorders, such as primary biliary cirrhosis and intrahepatic cholestasis. | DUKE |
| Anti complement | | A substance that neutralizes complement action by preventing its union with an antibody, regulating immune response. Its therapeutic applications include managing autoimmune diseases, transplant rejection, and inflammatory disorders, with key medical uses in treating conditions like rheumatoid arthritis and lupus. | DUKE |
| Anti-diabetic | 52217 | An agent that regulates blood sugar levels, enhancing insulin sensitivity or secretion. Therapeutically, it's used to manage diabetes, reducing symptoms and complications, and commonly prescribed to treat type 1 and 2 diabetes, as well as gestational diabetes. | DUKE |
| Anti Epstein-Barr virus | 22587 | An agent that targets and neutralizes the Epstein-Barr virus, reducing its replication and associated diseases, such as infectious mononucleosis and certain types of cancer, with therapeutic applications in immunocompromised patients and key medical uses in preventing and treating EBV-related disorders. | DUKE |
| Anti-edemic | | An agent that relieves or prevents edema, reducing abnormal fluid accumulation in tissues or the circulatory system, commonly used to treat conditions such as swelling, inflammation, and water retention. | DUKE |
| Anti-escherichic | | An antibody binding to Escherichia-specific targets, playing a role in immune defense. Therapeutically, it is used to combat E. coli infections, with key medical applications in treating urinary tract infections, sepsis, and gastrointestinal diseases. | DUKE |
| Anti fibrosarcomic | | An agent that inhibits the growth of fibrosarcoma, a type of cancer characterized by malignant fibroblasts. It plays a biological role in regulating cell proliferation, and has therapeutic applications in oncology. Key medical uses include treating fibrosarcoma and other soft tissue sarcomas, reducing tumor growth and improving patient outcomes. | DUKE |
| Anti hepatotoxic | 62868 | An agent that protects the liver from damage, reducing toxicity and promoting liver health. It plays a biological role in preventing liver injury and supporting liver function. Therapeutically, it is used to treat liver diseases, such as hepatitis and cirrhosis, and to counteract liver-damaging effects of certain medications and toxins. | DUKE |
| Anti histaminic | 37956 | An agent that blocks histamine receptors, reducing allergic symptoms. Therapeutically, it alleviates itching, sneezing, and runny nose, commonly used in managing allergies, itching, and hives, as well as treating conditions like anaphylaxis and allergic rhinitis. | DUKE |
| Anti HIV | 22587 | An agent that prevents the replication of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), used to treat and manage HIV infection and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), reducing viral load and slowing disease progression. | DUKE |
| Anti hyperlipidemic | 52217 | An agent that reduces lipid levels in the blood, playing a crucial role in preventing cardiovascular disease. Therapeutically, it is used to manage hyperlipidemia, lowering cholesterol and triglyceride levels, and is commonly used to prevent atherosclerosis, heart attacks, and strokes. | DUKE |
| Anti-inflammatory | 35472 | An agent that reduces inflammation, playing a biological role in suppressing immune responses and therapeutic applications in managing pain, swelling, and redness. Key medical uses include treating arthritis, allergies, and autoimmune disorders, as well as relieving symptoms of conditions such as asthma and dermatitis. | DUKE |
| Anti leishmanic | 33281 | An agent that treats Leishmaniasis, a parasitic disease caused by Leishmania parasites. It kills or inhibits the growth of these parasites, reducing symptoms and preventing disease progression. Therapeutically, anti-leishmanics are used to manage cutaneous, visceral, and mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis, often in combination with other treatments. Key medical uses include treating infected individuals, particularly in endemic regions. | DUKE |
| Anti leukemic | 35610 | An agent that targets and inhibits the growth of leukemia cells, playing a crucial role in cancer treatment. Therapeutically, it is used to induce remission, manage symptoms, and improve survival rates in patients with leukemia. Key medical uses include treating acute and chronic leukemia, lymphoma, and other hematological malignancies. | DUKE |
| Anti-lymphomic | | An agent that targets and destroys lymphatic cells that form tumors, playing a crucial role in cancer treatment. Therapeutically, it is used to manage lymphomas, with key medical applications in chemotherapy and immunotherapy to combat blood cell cancers. | DUKE |
| Anti-malarial | 33281 | An agent that prevents or treats malaria, a disease caused by Plasmodium parasites. It works by targeting the parasite's life cycle, reducing symptoms and preventing transmission. Therapeutically, anti-malarials are used to treat and prevent malaria, as well as to manage related conditions such as babesiosis and toxoplasmosis. | DUKE |
| Anti metastatic | 35610 | An agent that inhibits cancer cell spread, reducing tumor metastasis. It plays a biological role in blocking cell migration and invasion, and has therapeutic applications in cancer treatment. Key medical uses include preventing cancer recurrence and improving survival rates in patients with various types of cancer. | DUKE |
| Anti-mutagenic | | An agent that interferes with the mutagenicity of a substance, preventing DNA damage and mutations. Its biological role is to protect cells from genetic alterations, and it has therapeutic applications in cancer prevention and treatment, as well as key medical uses in reducing the risk of genetic disorders and birth defects. | DUKE |
| Anti nephritic | 52217 | An agent that reduces kidney inflammation, commonly used to manage nephritis and other kidney disorders, helping to prevent kidney damage and promote renal health. | DUKE |
| Anti-obesity | 52217 | An agent that reduces body weight, commonly used in managing obesity and related disorders, by regulating appetite, metabolism, and fat storage, with therapeutic applications in preventing chronic diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. | DUKE |
| Anti-oxidant | 22586 | An agent that neutralizes free radicals, reducing oxidative stress and cell damage. Its biological role involves protecting cells from harm, and it has therapeutic applications in managing chronic diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders, with key medical uses including anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, and cardio protective effects. | DUKE |
| Anti peroxidant | | An agent that prevents oxygen atom and peroxide formation, reducing oxidative stress and cell damage. It plays a biological role in protecting cells from free radicals. Therapeutically, it's used to manage conditions like cancer, Alzheimer's, and atherosclerosis, with key medical applications in neuroprotection, cardiovascular health, and anti-aging. | DUKE |
| Anti plasmodial | 33281 | An agent that inhibits the growth of Plasmodium parasites, reducing malaria symptoms. Therapeutically, it's used to treat and prevent malaria, with key medical applications including prophylaxis and treatment of malaria infections. | DUKE |
| Anti-proliferative | | An agent that inhibits cell growth and division, particularly in cancer cells, preventing tumor expansion. It plays a biological role in regulating cell cycles and has therapeutic applications in cancer treatment, such as chemotherapy and targeted therapy, with key medical uses in managing various types of cancer and other proliferative diseases. | DUKE |
| Anti-staphylococcic | 33282 | An agent that combats Staphylococcus infections, playing a crucial role in preventing bacterial growth. Therapeutically, it is used to treat skin and soft tissue infections, respiratory tract infections, and bloodstream infections. Key medical uses include treating methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and other staphylococcal infections, reducing the risk of infection and promoting wound healing. | DUKE |
| Anti TGF-beta | 35222 | An agent that inhibits the activity of Transforming Growth Factor-beta, reducing fibrosis and inflammation. It has therapeutic applications in treating cancer, fibrotic diseases, and autoimmune disorders, with key medical uses including oncology and pulmonary fibrosis management. | DUKE |
| Anti thromboxane | 35222 | An agent that inhibits thromboxane A2, reducing platelet aggregation and blood clot formation. Therapeutically, it prevents thrombosis and is used to manage conditions like coronary artery disease, stroke, and myocardial infarction, as well as to prevent blood clots during surgeries. | DUKE |
| Anti trypanosomic | 33281 | An agent that targets and eliminates trypanosomes, parasites causing diseases like sleeping sickness and Chagas disease. It plays a crucial role in treating and preventing these diseases, with therapeutic applications in tropical medicine and key medical uses in treating parasitic infections. | DUKE |
| Antitumor | 35610 | An agent that inhibits tumor growth and proliferation, playing a crucial role in cancer treatment. Therapeutically, antitumors are used to manage various types of cancer, including chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, helping to reduce tumor size, prevent metastasis, and improve patient outcomes. | DUKE |
| Antitumor promoter | 35610 | An agent that inhibits tumor growth and progression, reducing cancer cell proliferation. Therapeutically, it prevents tumor development and spread, with key medical uses in cancer prevention and treatment, particularly in combating carcinogenesis and metastasis. | DUKE |
| Anti ulcer | 49201 | An agent that reduces stomach acid and protects the mucous lining, preventing ulcer formation. It is used to treat conditions like gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), peptic ulcers, and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, promoting healing and relieving symptoms. | DUKE |
| Anti-viral | 22587 | An agent that inhibits the replication of viruses, playing a crucial role in preventing and treating viral infections. Therapeutically, anti-virals are used to manage diseases such as HIV, herpes, and influenza, reducing symptoms and slowing disease progression. Key medical uses include treating viral hepatitis, respiratory syncytial virus, and COVID-19. | DUKE |
| Aromatase inhibitor | 50790 | An agent that blocks the activity of aromatase, an enzyme converting androgens to estrogens, reducing estrogen levels. Therapeutically, it's used to treat hormone-sensitive breast cancer, endometriosis, and infertility, by decreasing estrogen-dependent growth and symptoms. | DUKE |
| Beta-blocker | | An agent that blocks the effects of epinephrine (adrenaline), lowering blood pressure and heart rate. Therapeutically, it reduces cardiovascular stress, commonly used to manage hypertension, angina, heart failure, and certain arrhythmias. | DUKE |
| Beta-glucuronidase inhibitor | 23924 | An agent that blocks the activity of beta-glucuronidase, an enzyme that breaks down glucuronides. It reduces the toxicity of certain drugs and is used to manage conditions like cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, and irinotecan-induced diarrhea, improving treatment outcomes and reducing side effects. | DUKE |
| Cancer preventive | 35610 | An agent that inhibits the development and progression of cancer, reducing tumor formation and growth. It plays a biological role in blocking carcinogenic pathways, and has therapeutic applications in chemoprevention. Key medical uses include reducing the risk of cancer in high-risk individuals and preventing cancer recurrence. | DUKE |
| Candidicide | | An agent that kills Candida species, such as Candida albicans, reducing fungal infections. Therapeutically, it is used to treat candidiasis, with key medical applications in managing oral thrush, vaginal yeast infections, and other fungal diseases. | DUKE |
| Cardioprotective | 38070 | An agent that protects the heart from damage, reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease. It plays a biological role in mitigating cardiac stress and injury, with therapeutic applications in preventing heart attacks, strokes, and arrhythmias, and key medical uses in treating hypertension, heart failure, and coronary artery disease. | DUKE |
| Cardiotonic | 38070 | An agent that strengthens heart muscle contractions, enhancing cardiac output. It plays a biological role in regulating heart function and is therapeutically used to treat heart failure, improving symptoms and exercise tolerance. Key medical uses include managing cardiomyopathy, atrial fibrillation, and congestive heart failure. | DUKE |
| Choleretic | | An agent that increases bile production and secretion from the liver, enhancing digestion and fat absorption. Therapeutically, it's used to treat gallstones, liver disease, and indigestion, promoting healthy bile flow and liver function. | DUKE |
| Central nervous system depressant | 35470 | An agent that slows brain activity, reducing anxiety, stress, and excitability. Therapeutically, it's used to manage insomnia, seizures, and anxiety disorders, promoting relaxation and sedation. Key medical uses include treating insomnia, epilepsy, and panic disorders, as well as inducing anesthesia. | DUKE |
| Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor | 50629 | An agent that blocks the activity of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), reducing inflammation and pain. Therapeutically, it is used to manage conditions such as arthritis, menstrual cramps, and other inflammatory disorders, providing relief from symptoms with reduced gastrointestinal side effects compared to non-selective NSAIDs. | DUKE |
| Cyclooxygenase inhibitor | 35544 | An agent that blocks the activity of cyclooxygenase enzymes, reducing inflammation and pain. Therapeutically, it is used to treat conditions such as arthritis, headaches, and menstrual cramps, by decreasing prostaglandin production, a key mediator of inflammation. | DUKE |
| Cytotoxic | 52209 | An agent that kills or damages cells, playing a biological role in immune responses and therapeutic applications in cancer treatment. Key medical uses include chemotherapy, targeting and destroying cancer cells, and treating certain autoimmune diseases by eliminating harmful cells. | DUKE |
| Diuretic | 35498 | An agent that increases urine production, helping remove excess fluids and salts from the body. It plays a key biological role in regulating fluid balance and blood pressure. Therapeutically, diuretics are used to treat conditions such as hypertension, edema, and heart failure, helping reduce swelling and lower blood pressure. | DUKE |
| Elastase inhibitor | 23924 | An agent that blocks the activity of elastase, an enzyme that breaks down elastin, reducing tissue damage and inflammation. Therapeutically, it's used to manage conditions like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cystic fibrosis, and emphysema, protecting lung tissue and improving respiratory function. | DUKE |
| Hepatoprotective | 62868 | An agent that protects the liver from damage, promoting liver health and function. It plays a biological role in reducing oxidative stress and inflammation, and has therapeutic applications in managing liver diseases, such as hepatitis and cirrhosis, and key medical uses in treating drug-induced liver injury and toxicities. | DUKE |
| Hypoglycemic | 35526 | An agent that lowers blood glucose levels, playing a crucial role in glucose metabolism. Therapeutically, it is used to manage diabetes and insulin resistance, with key medical applications in treating type 1 and 2 diabetes, and preventing diabetic complications. | DUKE |
| Hypotensive | | An agent that lowers blood pressure, playing a biological role in regulating cardiovascular function. Therapeutically, it's used to manage hypertension, heart failure, and angina, with key medical applications in preventing stroke, kidney disease, and cardiac complications. | DUKE |
| Immunomodulator | 50846 | An agent that regulates the immune system, modifying its response to maintain balance. Therapeutically, it's used to treat autoimmune diseases, prevent transplant rejection, and manage chronic inflammatory conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis. | DUKE |
| Leucocytogenic | | An agent that stimulates the formation of leucocytes (white blood cells), playing a biological role in immune system regulation. Therapeutically, it is used to treat conditions associated with low white blood cell count, such as leukemia and infections, and to support recovery after chemotherapy or bone marrow transplantation. | DUKE |
| Lipoxygenase inhibitor | 35856 | An agent that blocks the activity of lipoxygenase enzymes, reducing inflammation and oxidative stress. Therapeutically, it's used to manage conditions like asthma, atherosclerosis, and cancer, by inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory leukotrienes. Key medical uses include treating respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. | DUKE |
| Matrix-metalloproteinase-9 inhibitor | 50664 | An agent that blocks the activity of matrix-metalloproteinase-9, reducing tissue degradation and inflammation. Therapeutically, it's used to treat conditions like cancer, arthritis, and cardiovascular diseases, where MMP-9 plays a key role in disease progression. | DUKE |
| Ornithine-decarboxylase inhibitor | 23924 | An agent that blocks the activity of ornithine decarboxylase, an enzyme involved in cell growth and proliferation. It reduces polyamine synthesis, inhibiting tumor growth and proliferation. Therapeutically, it is used to treat cancer, particularly in combination with other therapies, and has potential applications in managing parasitic infections and skin disorders. | DUKE |
| Pesticide | 25944 | An agent that kills or repels pests, playing a biological role in controlling insect, weed, and fungal populations. Therapeutically, pesticides have limited applications, but some are used to treat ectoparasitic infestations, such as lice and scabies. Key medical uses include topical treatments for head lice and scabies, highlighting their role in managing parasitic infections. | DUKE |
| Piscicide | | A substance poisonous to fish, used to eliminate dominant or invasive fish species, and combat parasitic fish, allowing for population control and management of aquatic ecosystems. | DUKE |
| Potassium-sparing | | An agent that prevents potassium secretion into the urine, playing a crucial role in maintaining electrolyte balance. Therapeutically, it is used to treat hypertension and manage congestive heart failure, helping to reduce fluid retention while preserving potassium levels. | DUKE |
| Protease inhibitor | 37670 | An agent that blocks the activity of proteases, enzymes that break down proteins. It has therapeutic applications in treating viral infections, cancer, and genetic disorders, with key medical uses including HIV/AIDS management and hepatitis C treatment. | DUKE |
| Protisticide | | An agent that kills protozoans, used as a herbicide or in therapeutic applications to treat protozoan infections, with key medical uses including managing parasitic diseases and infections. | DUKE |
| Quinone-reductase inducer | | An agent that stimulates quinone reductase enzymatic activity, enhancing cellular antioxidant defenses and protecting against carcinogens, with therapeutic applications in cancer chemoprevention and potential uses in managing oxidative stress-related diseases. | DUKE |
| Sodium-sparing | | An agent that prevents excretion of sodium in the urine, helping regulate fluid balance. It plays a biological role in maintaining blood pressure and volume. Therapeutically, it's used to treat conditions like hypertension, heart failure, and edema, and has key medical uses in managing fluid retention and electrolyte imbalance. | DUKE |
| Topoisomerase-II inhibitor | 50750 | An agent that blocks the activity of topoisomerase-II, an enzyme involved in DNA replication. It prevents cancer cell growth by disrupting DNA structure, commonly used in chemotherapy to treat various types of cancer, including leukemia and lymphoma. | DUKE |
| Trypanocide | | An agent that kills trypanosomes, used to treat diseases like African sleeping sickness and Chagas disease, caused by Trypanosoma parasites, reducing parasitic infections and associated symptoms. | DUKE |
| Vasopressor | | An agent that causes constriction of blood vessels, increasing blood pressure. It plays a biological role in regulating blood pressure and fluid balance. Therapeutically, vasopressors are used to treat hypotension, shock, and bleeding, and have key medical applications in surgery, trauma, and critical care. | DUKE |
