| Health Effects / Bioactivities | | Descriptor | ID | Definition | Reference |
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| Allergenic | 50904 | A substance that triggers an immune response, causing allergic reactions. Its biological role is to stimulate the immune system, but it has no therapeutic applications. Key medical uses include diagnosing allergies and developing immunotherapies to desensitize patients to specific allergens, reducing the risk of severe reactions. | DUKE | | Analgesic | 35480 | An agent that relieves pain by reducing or blocking pain signals in the brain, commonly used to manage acute or chronic pain, inflammation, and fever, with therapeutic applications in surgery, injury, and disease treatment. | DUKE | | Anesthetic | | A drug that induces a reversible loss of sensation, used to prevent pain and discomfort during medical procedures, surgeries, and diagnostic tests, promoting patient comfort and facilitating treatment. | DUKE | | Anti acetylcholinesterase | 38462 | An agent that inhibits acetylcholinesterase, increasing acetylcholine levels. It enhances cholinergic transmission, used therapeutically to treat Alzheimer's disease, myasthenia gravis, and glaucoma, improving cognitive function, muscle strength, and reducing intraocular pressure. | DUKE | | Anti-aggregant | | An agent that prevents platelet aggregation, reducing blood clot formation. Its biological role is to inhibit platelet activation, and its therapeutic applications include preventing thrombosis and stroke. Key medical uses include treating cardiovascular diseases, such as myocardial infarction and atrial fibrillation, and managing conditions that increase the risk of blood clots. | DUKE | | Anti-allergic | 50857 | An agent that reduces or blocks allergic reactions, commonly used to manage symptoms of allergies, such as itching, sneezing, and inflammation, by inhibiting the release of histamine and other chemical mediators, providing relief in conditions like hay fever, asthma, and skin allergies. | DUKE | | Anti-asthmatic | 49167 | An agent that relieves bronchospasm and inflammation, commonly used to manage asthma symptoms, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and other respiratory disorders, improving lung function and overall respiratory health. | DUKE | | Anti-bacillus | 33282 | An agent that inhibits the growth of Bacillus species, reducing bacterial infections. Therapeutically, it is used to treat anthrax and other Bacillus-mediated diseases, and has applications in wound care and bioterrorism prevention. | DUKE | | Anti bacterial | 33282 | An agent that inhibits the growth of or destroys bacteria, playing a crucial role in preventing and treating infections. Therapeutically, it is used to combat bacterial infections, with key medical applications including treating pneumonia, tuberculosis, and skin infections, as well as preventing surgical site infections and sepsis. | DUKE | | Anti-bronchitic | 52217 | An agent that relieves bronchial congestion and inflammation, commonly used in managing respiratory disorders such as bronchitis, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), to reduce coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath. | DUKE | | Anti-dandruff | | An agent that reduces the production or flaking of dandruff, treating scalp conditions like seborrheic dermatitis, psoriasis, and eczema, by inhibiting fungal growth and inflammation, promoting a healthy scalp. | DUKE | | Anti-escherichic | | An antibody binding to Escherichia-specific targets, playing a role in immune defense. Therapeutically, it is used to combat E. coli infections, with key medical applications in treating urinary tract infections, sepsis, and gastrointestinal diseases. | DUKE | | Anti halitosic | | An agent that relieves bad breath, targeting volatile sulfur compounds, and reducing oral bacteria. Therapeutically, it freshens breath, prevents mouth odor, and is commonly used in oral care products, such as mouthwashes and toothpastes, to manage halitosis. | DUKE | | Anti histaminic | 37956 | An agent that blocks histamine receptors, reducing allergic symptoms. Therapeutically, it alleviates itching, sneezing, and runny nose, commonly used in managing allergies, itching, and hives, as well as treating conditions like anaphylaxis and allergic rhinitis. | DUKE | | Anti-inflammatory | 35472 | An agent that reduces inflammation, playing a biological role in suppressing immune responses and therapeutic applications in managing pain, swelling, and redness. Key medical uses include treating arthritis, allergies, and autoimmune disorders, as well as relieving symptoms of conditions such as asthma and dermatitis. | DUKE | | Anti listeria | 33282 | An agent that targets and eliminates Listeria bacteria, reducing the risk of listeriosis. Its biological role is to inhibit bacterial growth, and its therapeutic applications include treating foodborne illnesses and preventing infections in immunocompromised individuals, particularly pregnant women and the elderly. | DUKE | | Anti neuralgic | 52217 | An agent that relieves nerve pain, reducing inflammation and discomfort. It plays a biological role in blocking pain pathways, and has therapeutic applications in managing conditions like trigeminal neuralgia, shingles, and diabetic neuropathy. Key medical uses include treating severe nerve pain, numbness, and tingling sensations. | DUKE | | Anti odontalgic | | An agent that relieves toothache pain, playing a biological role in blocking pain pathways. Therapeutically, it's used to alleviate dental pain, with key medical applications in managing toothaches, dental procedures, and oral inflammation. | DUKE | | Anti pruritic | 50177 | An agent that relieves itching sensations, reducing scratching and discomfort. It plays a biological role in inhibiting histamine release and nerve signal transmission. Therapeutically, it's used to manage itching associated with allergies, eczema, and skin irritations, providing relief and preventing further skin damage. | DUKE | | Anti pyretic | 35493 | An agent that reduces fever, commonly used to relieve headache, pain, and discomfort associated with elevated body temperature, and to manage fever in various medical conditions, such as infections and inflammatory diseases. | DUKE | | Anti-rheumatic | 52217 | An agent that reduces inflammation and alleviates symptoms of rheumatic diseases, such as arthritis. It plays a biological role in modulating the immune system and inhibiting pro-inflammatory pathways. Therapeutically, anti-rheumatics are used to manage conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and osteoarthritis, reducing pain, swelling, and joint damage. Key medical uses include slowing disease progression and improving quality of life for patients with chronic rheumatic conditions. | DUKE | | Anti-salmonella | 33282 | An agent that targets and eliminates Salmonella bacteria, reducing the risk of food poisoning and gastrointestinal infections. Therapeutically, it is used to treat salmonellosis, a disease caused by Salmonella infection, and to prevent outbreaks in high-risk individuals, such as those with weakened immune systems. | DUKE | | Anti septic | 33281 | An agent that prevents or reduces the growth of microorganisms, such as bacteria, fungi, or viruses, to promote wound healing and prevent infection. Therapeutically, anti septics are used to treat minor cuts, scrapes, and burns, and are commonly applied topically to reduce the risk of infection and promote tissue repair. Key medical uses include wound care, surgical site preparation, and skin infection management. | DUKE | | Anti-sinusitic | | An agent that relieves sinus congestion and pressure, reducing inflammation and discomfort. It is used to treat sinusitis, colds, and allergies, providing therapeutic relief from respiratory symptoms such as congestion, headaches, and facial pain. | DUKE | | Anti-spasmodic | 52217 | An agent that relaxes smooth muscle, reducing muscle spasms and cramps. It plays a biological role in regulating muscle tone and is therapeutically applied to treat conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome, menstrual cramps, and muscle spasms, providing relief from abdominal pain and discomfort. | DUKE | | Anti-staphylococcic | 33282 | An agent that combats Staphylococcus infections, playing a crucial role in preventing bacterial growth. Therapeutically, it is used to treat skin and soft tissue infections, respiratory tract infections, and bloodstream infections. Key medical uses include treating methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and other staphylococcal infections, reducing the risk of infection and promoting wound healing. | DUKE | | Anti-streptococcic | 33282 | An agent that targets and combats Streptococcus bacteria, reducing infection and inflammation. Therapeutically, it is used to treat streptococcal infections, such as strep throat and skin infections, and to prevent complications like rheumatic fever. | DUKE | | Anti tartar | | An agent that removes or prevents formation of tartar (hardened dental plaque) on teeth, playing a key role in oral hygiene, with therapeutic applications in preventing gum disease and promoting healthy teeth, and medical uses including toothpaste and mouthwash formulations. | DUKE | | Anti-vaginitic | 52217 | An agent that prevents or treats vaginal infections, reducing inflammation and promoting healthy vaginal flora. Therapeutically, it is used to manage vaginitis, relieving symptoms such as itching, burning, and discharge, and is commonly applied in gynecology to treat bacterial, fungal, or parasitic infections. | DUKE | | Anti-vulvitic | 52217 | An agent that reduces inflammation and soothes irritation of the vulva, commonly used to treat vulvitis and other vulvar disorders, providing relief from symptoms such as itching, burning, and discomfort. | DUKE | | Bradycardic | 38070 | An agent that slows heart rate, reducing cardiac workload. Its biological role is to regulate heart function, and it has therapeutic applications in managing cardiac conditions. Key medical uses include treating tachycardia, arrhythmias, and heart failure, as well as controlling blood pressure and reducing myocardial oxygen demand. | DUKE | | Bronchomucolytic | 52217 | An agent that thins and loosens mucus in the airways, facilitating its clearance. It plays a biological role in maintaining respiratory health. Therapeutically, it's used to relieve congestion and coughs, with key medical applications in managing chronic bronchitis, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). | DUKE | | Bronchomucotropic | 52217 | An agent that affects bronchial mucus, reducing its viscosity and promoting clearance, commonly used in managing respiratory conditions such as chronic bronchitis and asthma to improve lung function and relieve symptoms. | DUKE | | Bronchorrheic | | An agent that induces hemorrhage of the bronchi, related to excessive mucus production. Its biological role involves regulating airway secretions. Therapeutically, it has limited applications due to potential harm. Key medical uses are restricted, primarily serving as a diagnostic indicator for respiratory conditions, such as bronchitis or pneumonia, where excessive mucus production is a symptom. | DUKE | | Calcium antagonist | 48706 | A medication that blocks calcium ion entry into cells, reducing muscle contraction and vascular resistance. It treats hypertension, angina, and arrhythmias by dilating blood vessels and decreasing cardiac workload, commonly used in managing cardiovascular diseases. | DUKE | | Candidicide | | An agent that kills Candida species, such as Candida albicans, reducing fungal infections. Therapeutically, it is used to treat candidiasis, with key medical applications in managing oral thrush, vaginal yeast infections, and other fungal diseases. | DUKE | | Carminative | | An agent that prevents or relieves gas in the gastrointestinal tract, facilitating its expulsion and combating flatulence, commonly used to soothe digestive issues and alleviate symptoms of bloating and discomfort. | DUKE | | Choleretic | | An agent that increases bile production and secretion from the liver, enhancing digestion and fat absorption. Therapeutically, it's used to treat gallstones, liver disease, and indigestion, promoting healthy bile flow and liver function. | DUKE | | Ciliotoxic | | An agent that is toxic to cilia in the lungs, disrupting respiratory function. Its biological role involves impairing mucociliary clearance. Therapeutically, it has limited applications, but research explores its potential in modeling respiratory diseases. Key medical uses include studying chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and other cilia-related disorders. | DUKE | | Central nervous system depressant | 35470 | An agent that slows brain activity, reducing anxiety, stress, and excitability. Therapeutically, it's used to manage insomnia, seizures, and anxiety disorders, promoting relaxation and sedation. Key medical uses include treating insomnia, epilepsy, and panic disorders, as well as inducing anesthesia. | DUKE | | Central nervous system stimulant | 35470 | An agent that increases alertness and activity by enhancing neurotransmitter release, used therapeutically to manage attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), narcolepsy, and fatigue, and to improve cognitive function and mood. | DUKE | | Congestant | | An agent that reduces nasal congestion by constricting blood vessels, decreasing swelling, and increasing airflow. Therapeutically, it relieves sinus pressure and cold symptoms, commonly used in over-the-counter decongestants and cold medications to provide temporary relief from nasal congestion. | DUKE | | Convulsant | | An agent that induces convulsions and/or epileptic seizures, acting as a stimulant at low doses. It has no therapeutic applications due to its high risk of causing seizures and excitotoxicity, and is the opposite of an anticonvulsant. | DUKE | | Counterirritant | | An agent that induces mild irritation or inflammation in one area to reduce discomfort and/or inflammation in another, often used to relieve pain, reduce swelling, and promote healing in conditions like arthritis, sprains, and strains. | DUKE | | Decongestant | 77715 | An agent that reduces nasal congestion by constricting blood vessels, decreasing swelling in the nasal passages. Therapeutically, it relieves sinus pressure and eases breathing, commonly used to treat colds, allergies, and sinusitis. | DUKE | | Dermatitigenic | | An agent that causes inflammation of the skin (dermatitis), triggering allergic reactions and immune responses. Its biological role involves activating immune cells, leading to skin irritation. Therapeutically, it is used to test skin sensitivity and develop treatments for dermatitis. Key medical uses include diagnosing skin allergies and researching dermatitis treatments. | DUKE | | Diaphoretic | | An agent that induces perspiration, playing a biological role in thermoregulation. Therapeutically, it's used to treat fever, detoxify, and relieve congestion. Key medical uses include managing hyperthermia, aiding in toxin removal, and alleviating symptoms of colds and flu. | DUKE | | Enterorelaxant | | An agent that reduces or inhibits the movement of intestinal muscles, relieving spasms and cramps. Therapeutically, it's used to treat irritable bowel syndrome, diarrhea, and other gastrointestinal disorders, providing relief from abdominal pain and discomfort. | DUKE | | Expectorant | 52217 | An agent that thins and loosens mucus, making it easier to cough up, reducing congestion. It aids in clearing respiratory tract secretions, commonly used to relieve coughs, colds, and bronchitis, promoting easier breathing and soothing irritated airways. | DUKE | | Name | 48318 | flavor | DUKE | | Gastrosedative | 55324 | An agent that soothes the stomach, reducing inflammation and irritation. It has a therapeutic role in calming the gastrointestinal tract, and its key medical uses include managing gastritis, ulcers, and irritable bowel syndrome, providing relief from symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. | DUKE | | Irritant | | An agent that causes slight inflammation or discomfort, stimulating a biological response. Therapeutically, it can be used to increase blood flow or stimulate healing. Key medical uses include treating wounds, skin conditions, and respiratory issues, such as congestion, by inducing a mild inflammatory response to promote recovery. | DUKE | | Myorelaxant | | An agent that reduces muscle contractility by blocking nerve impulses or decreasing motor end plate excitability, used therapeutically to relieve muscle spasms, tension, and pain, commonly in managing musculoskeletal disorders, anxiety, and insomnia. | DUKE | | Nematicide | 25491 | An agent that kills nematodes, a type of parasitic worm, used to control infestations in crops and animals, with therapeutic applications in veterinary medicine to treat parasitic infections and promote livestock health. | DUKE | | Neurodepressant | | An agent that reduces neural signal transmission, playing a role in regulating brain activity. Therapeutically, it is used to treat conditions such as epilepsy, insomnia, and anxiety disorders, helping to calm excessive neuronal activity and promote relaxation. Key medical uses include sedation and seizure control. | DUKE | | Neuropathogenic | | An agent capable of causing disease of nervous tissue, playing a role in neurodegenerative disorders. Its study informs therapeutic applications, with key medical uses including understanding and treating conditions like Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and multiple sclerosis. | DUKE | | Nociceptive | | A response to harmful stimuli in the nervous system, playing a biological role in pain detection. Therapeutically, nociceptive pathways are targeted to manage pain. Key medical uses include pain relief, anesthesia, and treatment of chronic pain disorders, such as neuropathic pain and inflammatory pain. | DUKE | | Perfumery | 48318 | The art of creating fragrances, playing a biological role in emotional and sensory stimulation. Therapeutically, perfumery has applications in aromatherapy, reducing stress and anxiety. Key medical uses include mood enhancement, pain management, and promoting relaxation, with certain scents exhibiting anti-anxiety and anti-depressant properties. | DUKE | | Pesticide | 25944 | An agent that kills or repels pests, playing a biological role in controlling insect, weed, and fungal populations. Therapeutically, pesticides have limited applications, but some are used to treat ectoparasitic infestations, such as lice and scabies. Key medical uses include topical treatments for head lice and scabies, highlighting their role in managing parasitic infections. | DUKE | | Refrigerant | 78433 | A substance that absorbs heat, lowering temperatures. No biological role, but used therapeutically in cryotherapy to reduce inflammation and relieve pain. Key medical uses include cooling tissues, preserving organs for transplantation, and treating certain skin conditions. | DUKE | | Rubefacient | | A topical agent that causes skin redness by dilating capillaries and increasing blood circulation, used therapeutically to relieve pain, reduce inflammation, and promote healing in conditions such as arthritis and muscle strain. | DUKE | | Termiticide | | An agent that kills termites, used to control termite infestations and prevent damage to structures and wood. | DUKE | | Transdermal | | A route of administration where active ingredients are delivered through the skin for systemic distribution, used therapeutically to manage conditions like pain, hormone replacement, and smoking cessation, with key medical applications including patches and implants for controlled release of medications. | DUKE | | Vibriocide | | An agent destructive to Vibrio bacteria, particularly V. cholerae, used to combat cholera and other Vibrio-mediated infections, serving as a therapeutic agent in managing diarrheal diseases and preventing waterborne illnesses. | DUKE |
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