1.0 2010-04-08 22:11:19 UTC 2019-11-26 03:10:14 UTC FDB014510 Biotin Present in many foods; particularly rich sources include yeast, eggs, liver, certain fish (e.g. mackerel, salmon, sardines), soybeans, cauliflower and cow peas. Dietary supplement. Isolated from various higher plant sources, e.g. sweet corn seedlings and radish leaves Biotin D(+) is a cofactor responsible for carbon dioxide transfer in several carboxylase enzymes:; Biotin binds very tightly to the tetrameric protein avidin (also streptavidin and neutravidin), with a dissociation constant Kd in the order of 10?15 mol/L which is one of the strongest known protein-ligand interactions, approaching the covalent bond in strength. This is often used in different biotechnological applications. Until 2005, very harsh conditions were required to break the biotin-streptavidin bond.; Biotin is a water-soluble B-complex vitamin which is composed of an ureido ring fused with a tetrahydrothiophene ring. A valeric acid substituent is attached to one of the carbon atoms of the tetrahydrothiophene ring. Biotin is used in cell growth, the production of fatty acids, metabolism of fats, and amino acids. It plays a role in the Kreb cycle, which is the process in which energy is released from food. Biotin not only assists in various metabolic chemical conversions, but also helps with the transfer of carbon dioxide. Biotin is also helpful in maintaining a steady blood sugar level. Biotin is often recommended for strengthening hair and nails. Consequenty, it is found in many cosmetic and health products for the hair and skin. Biotin deficiency is a rare nutritional disorder caused by a deficiency of biotin. Initial symptoms of biotin deficiency include: Dry skin, Seborrheic dermatitis, Fungal infections, rashes including erythematous periorofacial macular rash, fine and brittle hair, and hair loss or total alopecia. If left untreated, neurological symptoms can develop, including mild depression, which may progress to profound lassitude and, eventually, to somnolence; Biotin is an enzyme co-factor present in minute amounts in every living cell. Biotin is also known as vitamin H or B7 or coenzyme R. It occurs mainly bound to proteins or polypeptides and is abundant in liver, kidney, pancreas, yeast, and milk. Biotin has been recognized as an essential nutrient. Our biotin requirement is fulfilled in part through diet, through endogenous reutilization of biotin and perhaps through capture of biotin generated in the intestinal flora. The utilization of biotin for covalent attachment to carboxylases and its reutilization through the release of carboxylase biotin after proteolytic degradation constitutes the 'biotin cycle'. Biotin deficiency is associated with neurological manifestations, skin rash, hair loss and metabolic disturbances that are thought to relate to the various carboxylase deficiencies (metabolic ketoacidosis with lactic acidosis). It has also been suggested that biotin deficiency is associated with protein malnutrition, and that marginal biotin deficiency in pregnant women may be teratogenic. Biotin acts as a carboxyl carrier in carboxylation reactions. There are four biotin-dependent carboxylases in mammals: those of propionyl-CoA (PCC), 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA (MCC), pyruvate (PC) and acetyl-CoA carboxylases (isoforms ACC-1 and ACC-2). All but ACC-2 are mitochondrial enzymes. The biotin moiety is covalently bound to the epsilon amino group of a Lysine residue in each of these carboxylases in a domain 60-80 amino acids long. The domain is structurally similar among carboxylases from bacteria to mammals. There are four biotin-dependent carboxylases in mammals: those of propionyl-CoA (PCC), 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA (MCC), pyruvate (PC) and acetyl-CoA carboxylases (isoforms ACC-1 and ACC-2). All but ACC-2 are mitochondrial enzymes. The biotin moiety is covalently bound to the epsilon amino group of a Lys residue in each of these carboxylases in a domain 60-80 amino acids long. The domain is structurally similar among carboxylases from bacteria to mammals. Evidence is emerging that biotin participates in processes other than classical carboxylation reactions. Specifically, novel roles for biotin in cell signaling, gene expression, and chromatin structure have been identified in recent years. Human cells accumulate biotin by using both the sodium-dependent multivitamin transporter and monocarboxylate transporter 1. These transporters and other biotin-binding proteins partition biotin to compartments involved in biotin signaling: cytoplasm, mitochondria, and nuclei. The activity of cell signals such as biotinyl-AMP, Sp1 and Sp3, nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB, and receptor tyrosine kinases depends on biotin supply. Consistent with a role for biotin and its catabolites in modulating these cell signals, greater than 2000 biotin-dependent genes have been identified in various human tissues. Many biotin-dependent gene products play roles in signal transduction and localize to the cell nucleus, consistent with a role for biotin in cell signaling. Posttranscriptional events related to ribosomal activity and protein folding may further contribute to effects of biotin on gene expression. Finally, research has shown that biotinidase and holocarboxylase synthetase mediate covalent binding of biotin to histones (DNA-binding proteins), affecting chromatin structure; Biotin, also known as vitamin H or B7, is a water-soluble B-complex vitamin which is composed of an ureido (tetrahydroimidizalone) ring fused with a tetrahydrothiophene ring. A valeric acid substituent is attached to one of the carbon atoms of the tetrahydrothiophene ring. Biotin is a cofactor in the metabolism of fatty acids and leucine, and it plays a role in gluconeogenesis.; Signs of Biotin Deficiency: In general, appetite and growth are decreased. Dermatologic symptoms include dermatitis, alopecia (hair loss) and achromotrichia (absence or loss of pigment in the hair.) Perosis (a shortening and thickening of bones) is seen in the skeleton. Fatty Liver and Kidney Syndrome (FLKS) and hepatic steatosis also can occur. Genetic defect could also cause biotin deficiency. Holocarboxylase synthetase deficiency is a genetic mutation. It is a severe metabolic disorder. Biochemical and clinical manifestation includes: ketolactic acidosis, organic aciduria, hyperammonemia, skin rash, feeding problems, hypotonie, seizures, development delay, alopecia, and coma. This disease is lethal, however, mentioned manifestation can be reversed by pharmacologic doses of biotin (10-100 mg per day).[citation needed]; at least seven biotinylation sites have been identified in human histones. Biotinylation of histones appears to play a role in cell proliferation, gene silencing, and the cellular response to DNA repair. Roles for biotin in cell signaling and chromatin structure are consistent with the notion that biotin has a unique significance in cell biology. (PMID: 15992684, 16011464) -(+)-biotin (+)-biotin (+)-cis-Hexahydro-2-oxo-1H-thieno[3,4]imidazole-4-valerate (+)-cis-hexahydro-2-oxo-1H-thieno[3,4]Imidazole-4-valeric acid (3AS,4S,6ar)-hexahydro-2-oxo-1H-thieno[3,4-D]imidazole-4-valerate (3AS,4S,6ar)-hexahydro-2-oxo-1H-thieno[3,4-D]imidazole-4-valeric acid 1avd 1ndj 1stp 1swg 1swk 1swn 1swp 1swr 2avi 3H-Biotin 5-(2-oxohexahydro-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazol-4-yl)pentanoate 5-(2-Oxohexahydro-1H-thieno[3,4-D]imidazol-4-yl)pentanoic acid Beta-biotin Biodermatin Bioepiderm Bioepiderm (TN) Bios h Bios II Biotin (8CI) Biotin (jan/usp/inn) Biotin [usan:inn:jan] Biotin 50 Mcg Biotin111In Biotina Biotine Biotinum BTN cis-(+)-Tetrahydro-2-oxothieno[3,4]imidazoline-4-valerate cis-(+)-Tetrahydro-2-oxothieno[3,4]imidazoline-4-valeric acid cis-hexahydro-2-oxo-1H-thieno(3,4)Imidazole-4-valerate cis-Hexahydro-2-oxo-1H-thieno(3,4)imidazole-4-valeric acid cis-Tetrahydro-2-oxothieno(3,4-D)imidazoline-4-valerate cis-Tetrahydro-2-oxothieno(3,4-d)imidazoline-4-valeric acid Coenzyme R D-(+)-biotin D-biotin D-biotin factor s D(+)-biotin Delta-(+)-biotin Delta-biotin Delta-biotin factor s Factor s Factor s (vitamin) Factor S? hexahydro-2-oxo-[3AS-(3aa,4b,6aa)]-1H-thieno[3,4-D]imidazole-4-pentanoate hexahydro-2-oxo-[3AS-(3aa,4b,6aa)]-1H-thieno[3,4-D]imidazole-4-pentanoic acid hexahydro-2-oxo-[3As-(3alpha,4beta,6alpha)]-1H-thieno[3,4-D]imidazole-4-pentanoate hexahydro-2-oxo-[3As-(3alpha,4beta,6alpha)]-1H-thieno[3,4-D]imidazole-4-pentanoic acid Hexahydro-2-oxo-1H-thieno(3,4-d)imidazole-4-pentanoate Hexahydro-2-oxo-1H-thieno(3,4-d)imidazole-4-pentanoic acid Hexahydro-2-oxo-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazole-4-pentanoic acid, 9CI Injacom h Lutavit H2 Medebiotin Meribin Ritatin Rovimix H 2 Vitamin B7 Vitamin BW Vitamin H Vitamin h (van) Vitamin-h C10H16N2O3S 244.311 244.088163078 5-{2-hydroxy-1H,3aH,4H,6H,6aH-thieno[3,4-d]imidazol-6-yl}pentanoic acid 5-{2-hydroxy-3H,3aH,4H,6H,6aH-thieno[3,4-d]imidazol-4-yl}pentanoic acid 58-85-5 OC(=O)CCCCC1SCC2NC(=O)NC12 InChI=1S/C10H16N2O3S/c13-8(14)4-2-1-3-7-9-6(5-16-7)11-10(15)12-9/h6-7,9H,1-5H2,(H,13,14)(H2,11,12,15) YBJHBAHKTGYVGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N belongs to the class of organic compounds known as biotin and derivatives. These are organic compounds containing a ureido (tetrahydroimidizalone) ring fused with a tetrahydrothiophene ring. Biotin and derivatives Organic compounds Organoheterocyclic compounds Biotin and derivatives Aliphatic heteropolycyclic compounds Azacyclic compounds Carbonyl compounds Carboximidamides Carboxylic acids Dialkylthioethers Heterocyclic fatty acids Hydrocarbon derivatives Imidazolines Imidazolyl carboxylic acids and derivatives Isoureas Medium-chain fatty acids Monocarboxylic acids and derivatives Organic oxides Organopnictogen compounds Propargyl-type 1,3-dipolar organic compounds Thia fatty acids Thiolanes 2-imidazoline Aliphatic heteropolycyclic compound Azacycle Biotin Carbonyl group Carboximidamide Carboxylic acid Carboxylic acid derivative Dialkylthioether Fatty acid Fatty acyl Heterocyclic fatty acid Hydrocarbon derivative Imidazolyl carboxylic acid derivative Isourea Medium-chain fatty acid Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives Organic 1,3-dipolar compound Organic nitrogen compound Organic oxide Organic oxygen compound Organonitrogen compound Organooxygen compound Organopnictogen compound Propargyl-type 1,3-dipolar organic compound Thia fatty acid Thioether Thiolane Solid logp 0.30 ALOGPS logs -2.26 ALOGPS solubility 1.34e+00 g/l ALOGPS melting_point Mp 232-233° logp -0.39 ChemAxon pka_strongest_acidic -3.4 ChemAxon pka_strongest_basic 15 ChemAxon iupac 5-{2-hydroxy-1H,3aH,4H,6H,6aH-thieno[3,4-d]imidazol-6-yl}pentanoic acid ChemAxon average_mass 244.311 ChemAxon mono_mass 244.088163078 ChemAxon smiles OC(=O)CCCCC1SCC2NC(=O)NC12 ChemAxon formula C10H16N2O3S ChemAxon inchi InChI=1S/C10H16N2O3S/c13-8(14)4-2-1-3-7-9-6(5-16-7)11-10(15)12-9/h6-7,9H,1-5H2,(H,13,14)(H2,11,12,15) ChemAxon inchikey YBJHBAHKTGYVGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ChemAxon polar_surface_area 81.92 ChemAxon refractivity 60.57 ChemAxon polarizability 25.35 ChemAxon rotatable_bond_count 5 ChemAxon acceptor_count 5 ChemAxon donor_count 3 ChemAxon physiological_charge -1 ChemAxon formal_charge 0 ChemAxon Biotin Metabolism SMP00066 map00780 Specdb::EiMs 823 Specdb::MsMs 20261 Specdb::MsMs 20262 Specdb::MsMs 20263 Specdb::MsMs 21812 Specdb::MsMs 21813 Specdb::MsMs 21814 Specdb::MsMs 3419552 Specdb::MsMs 3419553 Specdb::MsMs 3419554 Specdb::MsMs 3420410 Specdb::MsMs 3420411 Specdb::MsMs 3420412 Specdb::NmrOneD 214087 Specdb::NmrOneD 214088 Specdb::NmrOneD 214089 Specdb::NmrOneD 214090 Specdb::NmrOneD 214091 Specdb::NmrOneD 214092 Specdb::NmrOneD 214093 Specdb::NmrOneD 214094 Specdb::NmrOneD 214095 Specdb::NmrOneD 214096 Specdb::NmrOneD 214097 Specdb::NmrOneD 214098 Specdb::NmrOneD 214099 Specdb::NmrOneD 214100 Specdb::NmrOneD 214101 Specdb::NmrOneD 214102 Specdb::NmrOneD 214103 Specdb::NmrOneD 214104 Specdb::NmrOneD 214105 Specdb::NmrOneD 214106 Specdb::CMs 111353 Specdb::CMs 124549 Specdb::CMs 854800 Specdb::CMs 854801 Specdb::CMs 854802 Specdb::CMs 854803 Specdb::CMs 854804 Specdb::CMs 854805 Specdb::CMs 854806 Specdb::CMs 854807 Specdb::CMs 854808 Specdb::CMs 854809 Specdb::CMs 854810 Specdb::CMs 854811 HMDB00030 15956 BTN #<Reference:0x000055ce31e0f7e0> #<Reference:0x000055ce31e0f5d8> #<Reference:0x000055ce31e0f3a8> #<Reference:0x000055ce31e0f1f0> #<Reference:0x000055ce31e0f038> #<Reference:0x000055ce31e0ee30> #<Reference:0x000055ce31e0ec28> #<Reference:0x000055ce31e0e9f8> #<Reference:0x000055ce31e0e840> #<Reference:0x000055ce31e0e688> #<Reference:0x000055ce31e0e480> #<Reference:0x000055ce31e0e278> #<Reference:0x000055ce31e0e070> #<Reference:0x000055ce31e0de90> #<Reference:0x000055ce31e0dcd8> #<Reference:0x000055ce31e0dad0> #<Reference:0x000055ce31e0d8c8> #<Reference:0x000055ce31e0d710> #<Reference:0x000055ce31e0d4e0> #<Reference:0x000055ce31e0d328> #<Reference:0x000055ce31e0d120> #<Reference:0x000055ce31e0cf68> Abalone Type 1 specific Haliotis 6452 Abiyuch Type 1 specific Crateva religiosa 202634 Acerola Type 1 specific Malpighia emarginata 151847 Acorn Type 1 specific Quercus 3511 Acorn squash Type 1 Cucurbita pepo var. turbinata Adzuki bean Type 1 specific Vigna angularis 3914 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Agar Type 1 specific Eucheuma 31444 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Agave Type 1 specific Agave 39509 Alaska blueberry Type 1 specific Vaccinium alaskaense 190544 Alaska wild rhubarb Type 1 specific Polygonum alpinum 125586 Albizia gummifera Type 1 Albizia gummifera Alfalfa Type 1 specific Medicago sativa 3879 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Allium Type 1 specific Allium 4678 0.225 0.9 0.0 mg/100 g Allspice Type 1 specific Pimenta dioica 375272 Almond Type 1 specific Prunus dulcis 3755 0.4 0.4 0.4 mg/100 g Alpine sweetvetch Type 1 specific Hedysarum alpinum 57576 Amaranth Type 1 specific Amaranthus 3564 American butterfish Type 1 specific Peprilus triacanthus 183653 American cranberry Type 1 specific Vaccinium macrocarpon 13750 American pokeweed Type 1 specific Phytolacca americana 3527 Anatidae Type 1 specific Anatidae 8830 1.090909 6.0 0.0 mg/100 g Anchovy Type 1 specific Engraulidae 43062 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Angelica Type 1 specific Angelica keiskei 357850 Anguilliformes Type 1 specific Anguilliformes 7933 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Anise Type 1 specific Pimpinella anisum 271192 Annual wild rice Type 1 specific Zizania aquatica 75727 Apple Type 1 specific Malus pumila 283210 0.3 0.9 0.0 mg/100 g Apricot Type 1 specific Prunus armeniaca 36596 0.333333 1.0 0.0 mg/100 g Arabica coffee Type 1 specific Coffea arabica 13443 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Arctic blackberry Type 1 specific Rubus arcticus 70741 Arrowhead Type 1 specific Sagittaria latifolia 15008 Arrowroot Type 1 specific Maranta arundinacea 210060 Asian pear Type 1 specific Pyrus pyrifolia 3767 Asparagus Type 1 specific Asparagus officinalis 4686 0.1 0.2 0.0 mg/100 g Atlantic halibut Type 1 specific Hippoglossus hippoglossus 8267 5.0 5.0 5.0 mg/100 g Atlantic herring Type 1 specific Clupea harengus harengus 7950 Atlantic wolffish Type 1 specific Anarhichas lupus 8204 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Avocado Type 1 specific Persea americana 3435 2.408333 3.6 0.025 mg/100 g Babassu palm Type 1 specific Attalea speciosa 145700 Baby food Type 2 specific 12.0 12.0 12.0 mg/100 g Bagel Type 2 specific Bamboo shoots Type 1 specific Phyllostachys edulis 38705 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Banana Type 1 specific Musa acuminata 4641 5.5 5.5 5.5 mg/100 g Barley Type 1 specific Hordeum vulgare 4513 0.0099 0.0495 0.0 mg/100 g Bayberry Type 1 specific Myrica 3509 Bean Type 1 specific Beech nut Type 1 specific Fagus 21024 Beer Type 2 specific 0.533333 1.2 0.0 mg/100 g Bilberry Type 1 specific Vaccinium myrtillus 180763 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Biscuit Type 2 specific 1.333333 4.0 0.0 mg/100 g Bitter gourd Type 1 specific Momordica charantia 3673 Black cabbage Type 1 specific Brassica oleracea var. viridis 3713 Black chokeberry Type 1 specific Photinia melanocarpa 661339 Black crowberry Type 1 specific Empetrum nigrum 191066 Black elderberry Type 1 specific Sambucus nigra 4202 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 mg/100 g Black huckleberry Type 1 specific Gaylussacia baccata 128893 Black mulberry Type 1 specific Morus nigra 85232 Black plum Type 1 Syzygium cumini Black radish Type 1 specific Raphanus sativus var. niger 41679 Black raisin Type 1 Black raspberry Type 1 specific Rubus occidentalis 75079 Black salsify Type 1 specific Scorzonera hispanica 114289 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Black tea Type 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Black walnut Type 1 specific Juglans nigra 16719 19.0 19.0 19.0 mg/100 g Black-eyed pea Type 1 specific Vigna unguiculata ssp. unguiculata 3920 Blackberry Type 1 specific Rubus Blackcurrant Type 1 specific Ribes nigrum 78511 0.48 2.4 0.0 mg/100 g Blue whiting Type 1 specific Micromesistius poutassou 81636 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Bog bilberry Type 1 specific Vaccinium uliginosum 190548 Borage Type 1 specific Borago officinalis 13363 Boysenberry Type 1 specific Rubus ursinus X idaeus Brassicas Unknown generic 3705 Brazil nut Type 1 specific Bertholletia excelsa 3645 2.0 2.0 2.0 mg/100 g Breadfruit Type 1 specific Artocarpus altilis 194251 Breadnut tree seed Type 1 specific Brosimum alicastrum 194253 Breakfast cereal Type 2 specific 2.181818 24.0 0.0 mg/100 g Broad bean Type 1 specific Vicia faba 3906 0.003 0.003 0.003 mg/100 g Broccoli Type 1 specific Brassica oleracea var. italica 36774 0.166667 0.5 0.0 mg/100 g Brussel sprouts Type 1 specific Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera 178616 0.2 0.4 0.0 mg/100 g Buffalo currant Type 1 specific Ribes aureum var. villosum 23283 Bulgur Type 2 specific Burbot Type 1 specific Lota lota 69944 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Burdock Type 1 specific Arctium lappa 4217 Butter Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Buttermilk Type 2 specific 1.4 1.4 1.4 mg/100 g Butternut Type 1 specific Juglans cinerea 91214 Butternut squash Type 1 specific Cucurbita moschata 3662 Cabbage Type 1 specific Brassica oleracea var. capitata 3716 Calabash Type 1 specific Lagenaria siceraria 3668 Canada blueberry Type 1 specific Vaccinium myrtilloides 1503870 Cannellini bean Type 1 Canola Type 2 specific 138011 Cantaloupe melon Type 1 Cucumis melo var. cantalupensis Cape gooseberry Type 1 Physalis peruviana Capers Type 1 specific Capparis spinosa 65558 Caraway Type 1 specific Carum carvi 48032 Cardamom Type 1 specific Elettaria cardamomum 105181 Cardoon Type 1 specific Cynara cardunculus 4265 Carob Type 1 specific Ceratonia siliqua 20340 Carp bream Type 1 specific Abramis brama 38527 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Carrot Type 1 specific Daucus carota ssp. sativus 79200 1.7 3.4 0.0 mg/100 g Cascade huckleberry Type 1 specific Vaccinium deliciosum 190531 Casein Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Cashew nut Type 1 specific Anacardium occidentale 171929 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Cassava Type 1 specific Manihot esculenta 3983 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Castanospermum australe Type 1 Castanospermum australe Catfish Type 1 specific Siluriformes 7995 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Catjang pea Type 1 specific Vigna unguiculata ssp. cylindrica 3840 Cattle (Beef, Veal) Type 1 specific Bos taurus 9913 3.052979 39.0 0.0 mg/100 g Cauliflower Type 1 specific Brassica oleracea var. botrytis 3715 1.0 1.5 0.0 mg/100 g Celeriac Type 1 specific Apium graveolens var. rapaceum 278110 0.1 0.1 0.1 mg/100 g Celery leaves Type 1 specific Apium graveolens var. secalinum 941588 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Celery stalks Type 1 specific Apium graveolens var. dulce 117781 Cereals and cereal products Unknown generic Cetacea (Dolphin, Porpoise, Whale) Type 1 specific Cetacea 9721 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Ceylon cinnamon Type 1 specific Cinnamomum verum 128608 Chanterelle Type 1 specific Cantharellus cibarius 36066 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Charr Type 1 specific Salvelinus 8033 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Chayote Type 1 specific Sechium edule 184140 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Cheese Type 2 specific 1.96365 6.0 0.0 mg/100 g Cherimoya Type 1 specific Annona cherimola 49314 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Cherry tomato Type 1 specific Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme 195583 Chervil Type 1 specific Anthriscus cerefolium 40888 1.6 1.6 1.6 mg/100 g Chestnut Type 1 specific Castanea 21019 1.3 1.3 1.3 mg/100 g Chewing gum Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Chia Type 1 specific Salvia hispanica 49212 Chicken Type 1 specific Gallus gallus 9031 15.835714 210.0 0.0 mg/100 g Chickpea Type 1 specific Cicer arietinum 3827 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Chicory Type 1 specific Cichorium intybus 13427 0.35 0.7 0.0 mg/100 g Chicory leaves Type 1 specific Cichorium intybus var. foliosum 13427 Chicory roots Type 1 specific Cichorium intybus var. sativum 13427 Chinese bayberry Type 1 specific Myrica rubra 262757 Chinese broccoli Type 1 specific Brassica alboglabra 3714 Chinese cabbage Type 1 specific Brassica rapa 3711 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Chinese chestnut Type 1 specific Castanea mollissima 60419 Chinese chives Type 1 specific Allium tuberosum 4683 Chinese cinnamon Type 1 specific Cinnamomum aromaticum 119260 Chinese mustard Type 1 specific Brassica juncea 3707 Chinese plum Type 1 Chinese water chestnut Type 1 specific Eleocharis dulcis 110284 Chives Type 1 specific Allium schoenoprasum 74900 0.4 0.4 0.4 mg/100 g Chocolate Type 2 specific 3.0 3.0 3.0 mg/100 g Chocolate spread Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Cinnamon Type 1 specific Cinnamomum 13428 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Citrus Unknown generic Clawed lobster Type 1 specific Nephropidae 6704 5.0 5.0 5.0 mg/100 g Clementine Type 1 Citrus × clementina Climbing bean Type 1 specific Vigna umbellata 87088 Cloud ear fungus Type 1 specific Auricularia polytricha 29893 Cloudberry Type 1 specific Rubus chamaemorus 57936 Cloves Type 1 specific Syzygium aromaticum 219868 Clupeinae (Herring, Sardine, Sprat) Type 1 specific Clupeinae 7948 2.4 10.0 0.0 mg/100 g Cocoa bean Type 1 specific Theobroma cacao 3641 Cocoa butter Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Cocoa powder Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Coconut Type 1 specific Cocos nucifera 13894 0.125 0.5 0.0 mg/100 g Coffee Type 1 generic Coffea 13442 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Cold cut Type 2 specific 1.9 2.0 1.6 mg/100 g Colorado pinyon Type 1 specific Pinus edulis 3340 Columbidae (Dove, Pigeon) Type 1 specific Columbidae 8930 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Common bean Type 1 specific Phaseolus vulgaris 3885 0.382353 0.7 0.0 mg/100 g Common beet Type 1 specific Beta vulgaris 161934 Common buckwheat Type 1 specific Fagopyrum esculentum 3617 0.271429 1.9 0.0 mg/100 g Common cabbage Type 1 specific Brassica oleracea 3712 3.545455 36.0 0.0 mg/100 g Common chokecherry Type 1 specific Prunus virginiana 133204 Common dab Type 1 specific Limanda limanda 27771 1.2 1.2 1.2 mg/100 g Common grape Type 1 specific Vitis vinifera 29760 Common hazelnut Type 1 specific Corylus avellana 13451 Common ling Type 1 specific Molva molva 163112 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Common mushroom Type 1 specific Agaricus bisporus 5341 16.0 16.0 16.0 mg/100 g Common octopus Type 1 specific Octopus vulgaris 6645 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Common oregano Type 1 specific Origanum vulgare 39352 Common pea Type 1 specific Pisum sativum 3888 1.927273 8.2 0.0 mg/100 g Common persimmon Type 1 specific Diospyros virginiana 13493 Common sage Type 1 specific Salvia officinalis 38868 Common salsify Type 1 specific Tragopogon porrifolius 13731 Common thyme Type 1 specific Thymus vulgaris 49992 Common verbena Type 1 specific Verbena officinalis 79772 Common walnut Type 1 specific Juglans regia 51240 0.002 0.002 0.002 mg/100 g Common wheat Type 1 specific Triticum aestivum 4565 21.6 21.6 21.6 mg/100 g Conch Type 1 specific Strombidae 69694 Coriander Type 1 specific Coriandrum sativum 4047 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Corn Type 1 specific Zea mays 4577 1.442316 6.1 0.0 mg/100 g Corn salad Type 1 specific Valerianella locusta 59166 Cornbread Type 2 specific Cornmint Type 1 specific Mentha arvensis 292239 Cottonseed Type 1 specific Gossypium 3633 0.01 0.03 0.0 mg/100 g Cowpea Type 1 specific Vigna unguiculata 3917 Crab Type 1 specific Brachyura 6752 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Cracker Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Crayfish Type 1 specific Astacidea 6712 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Cream Type 2 specific 1.493333 2.74 0.9 mg/100 g Crisp bread Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Crosne Type 1 Stachys affinis Cubanelle pepper Type 1 Cucumber Type 1 specific Cucumis sativus 3659 0.2 0.4 0.0 mg/100 g Cucurbita Type 1 specific Cucurbita 3660 0.2 0.4 0.0 mg/100 g Cumin Type 1 specific Cuminum cyminum 52462 Cupuaçu Type 1 specific Theobroma grandiflorum 108881 Curry powder Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Custard apple Type 1 specific Annona reticulata 301862 Daikon radish Type 1 specific Raphanus sativus var. longipinnatus 41679 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Dandelion Type 1 specific Taraxacum officinale 50225 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Date Type 1 specific Phoenix dactylifera 42345 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Deerberry Type 1 specific Vaccinium stamineum 176259 Devilfish Type 1 specific Myoxocephalus 8095 Dill Type 1 specific Anethum graveolens 40922 0.2 0.4 0.0 mg/100 g Dock Type 1 specific Rumex 3618 Domestic pig Type 1 specific Sus scrofa domestica 9825 3.855802 44.0 0.0 mg/100 g Dragée Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Dried milk Type 2 specific 13.0 16.0 10.0 mg/100 g Dumpling Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Durian Type 1 specific Durio zibethinus 66656 Eddoe Type 1 Colocasia antiquorum Egg yolk Type 1 24.4 24.4 24.4 mg/100 g Eggplant Type 1 specific Solanum melongena 4111 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Eggs Unknown generic 6.538462 60.0 0.0 mg/100 g Elderberry Type 1 specific Sambucus 4201 0.6 1.8 0.0 mg/100 g Elliott's blueberry Type 1 specific Vaccinium elliottii 283798 Endive Type 1 specific Cichorium endivia 114280 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Enokitake Type 1 specific Flammulina velutipes 38945 Epazote Type 1 specific Dysphania ambrosioides 330163 European chestnut Type 1 specific Castanea sativa 21020 European cranberry Type 1 specific Vaccinium oxycoccos 516948 European plum Type 1 specific Prunus domestica 3758 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Evening primrose Type 1 specific Oenothera biennis 3942 Evergreen huckleberry Type 1 specific Vaccinium ovatum 84019 Feijoa Type 1 specific Feijoa sellowiana 260130 Fennel Type 1 specific Foeniculum vulgare 48038 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Fenugreek Type 1 specific Trigonella foenum-graecum 78534 Fig Type 1 specific Ficus carica 3494 0.486667 1.0 0.0 mg/100 g Fireweed Type 1 specific Chamerion angustifolium 13055 Fish oil Type 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Fishes Unknown generic Flatfish Type 1 specific Pleuronectiformes 8252 1.2 1.2 1.2 mg/100 g Flaxseed Type 1 specific Linum usitatissimum 4006 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Flour Type 2 specific Fox grape Type 1 specific Vitis labrusca 103355 French plantain Type 1 specific Musa X paradisiaca 89151 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Fruit gum Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Fruit juice Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Fruit preserve Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Fruits Unknown generic Gadiformes Type 1 specific Gadiformes 8043 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Gadus (Common cod) Type 1 specific Gadus 8048 1.935714 13.0 0.0 mg/100 g Garden cress Type 1 specific Lepidium sativum 33125 0.4 0.4 0.4 mg/100 g Garden onion Type 1 specific Allium cepa 4679 Garden onion (var.) Type 1 specific Allium cepa var. cepa 4679 Garden rhubarb Type 1 specific Rheum rhabarbarum 3621 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Garden tomato Type 1 specific Solanum lycopersicum 4081 1.5 3.0 0.0 mg/100 g Garden tomato (var.) Type 1 specific Solanum lycopersicum var. lycopersicum 397755 Garfish Type 1 specific Belone belone 129037 1.2 1.2 1.2 mg/100 g Garland chrysanthemum Type 1 specific Chrysanthemum coronarium 99038 Garlic Type 1 specific Allium sativum 4682 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Gelatin Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Gelatin dessert Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Gentiana lutea Type 1 Gentiana lutea German camomile Type 1 specific Matricaria recutita 127986 Giant butterbur Type 1 specific Petasites japonicus 186965 Gin Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Ginger Type 1 specific Zingiber officinale 94328 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Ginkgo nuts Type 1 specific Ginkgo biloba 3311 Ginseng Type 1 specific Panax 4054 Globe artichoke Type 1 specific Cynara scolymus 59895 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Goji Type 1 Gooseberry Type 1 specific Ribes uva-crispa 135518 0.5 0.5 0.5 mg/100 g Gram bean Type 1 specific Vigna mungo 3915 Grape Type 1 specific Vitis 3603 0.075 0.3 0.0 mg/100 g Grape wine Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Grapefruit Type 1 specific Citrus X paradisi 37656 1.0 1.0 1.0 mg/100 g Grapefruit/Pummelo hybrid Type 1 specific Citrus paradisi X Citrus maxima 37656 Grass pea Type 1 specific Lathyrus sativus 3860 Green apple Type 1 Green bean Type 1 specific Phaseolus vulgaris 3885 0.350175 0.7 0.0 mg/100 g Green bell pepper Type 1 specific Capsicum annuum 4072 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Green cabbage Type 1 Brassica oleracea var. sabauda L. Green grape Type 1 Green lentil Type 1 Lens culinaris Green onion Type 1 Green plum Type 1 Green tea Type 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Green vegetables Unknown generic Green zucchini Type 1 specific Cucurbita pepo var. cylindrica 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Greenland halibut/turbot Type 1 specific Reinhardtius hippoglossoides 111784 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Greenthread tea Type 1 specific Thelesperma 153159 Groundcherry Type 1 specific Physalis 24663 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Guarana Type 1 Paullinia cupana Guava Type 1 specific Psidium guajava 120290 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Haddock Type 1 specific Melanogrammus aeglefinus 8056 1.666667 5.0 0.0 mg/100 g Half-highbush blueberry Type 1 specific Vaccinium angustifolium X Vaccinium corymbosum 934696 Hard wheat Type 1 specific Triticum durum 4567 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Hawthorn Type 1 Crataegus Hazelnut Type 1 specific Corylus 13450 2.0 2.0 2.0 mg/100 g Heart of palm Type 1 specific Hedge mustard Type 1 specific Sisymbrium 3729 Herbal tea Type 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Herbs and Spices Unknown generic Hibiscus tea Type 1 specific Hibiscus sabbariffa 183260 Hickory nut Type 1 specific Carya 13402 Highbush blueberry Type 1 specific Vaccinium corymbosum 69266 Honey Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Horned melon Type 2 specific Cucumis metuliferus 61886 Horseradish Type 1 specific Armoracia rusticana 3704 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Horseradish tree Type 1 specific Moringa oleifera 3735 Hot chocolate Type 2 specific 1.7 2.0 1.4 mg/100 g Hyacinth bean Type 1 specific Lablab purpureus 35936 Hyssop Type 1 specific Hyssopus officinalis 39324 Ice cream Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Iceberg lettuce Type 1 Irish moss Type 1 specific Chondrus crispus 2769 Italian oregano Type 1 specific Origanum X majoricum 1384207 Italian sweet red pepper Type 1 specific Capsicum annuum 4072 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Jackfruit Type 1 specific Artocarpus heterophyllus 3489 Jalapeno pepper Type 1 Capsicum annuum 'Jalapeño' Japanese chestnut Type 1 specific Castanea crenata 103480 Japanese persimmon Type 1 specific Diospyros kaki 35925 Japanese pumpkin Type 1 specific Cucurbita maxima 3661 0.00085 0.0017 0.0 mg/100 g Japanese walnut Type 1 specific Juglans ailanthifolia 91209 Java plum Type 1 specific Syzygium cumini 260142 Jerusalem artichoke Type 1 specific Helianthus tuberosus 4233 0.47 0.47 0.47 mg/100 g Jew's ear Type 1 specific Auricularia auricula-judae 29892 Jicama Type 1 specific Pachyrhizus erosus 109171 Jostaberry Type 1 specific Ribes × nidigrolaria Jujube Type 1 specific Ziziphus zizyphus 48393 Juniperus communis Type 1 Juniperus communis Jute Type 1 specific Corchorus olitorius 93759 Kai-lan Type 1 specific Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra 3714 Kale Type 1 specific Brassica napus var. pabularia 21.6 36.0 0.0 mg/100 g Kefir Type 2 specific 3.5 3.5 3.5 mg/100 g Kelp Type 1 specific Laminaria 33637 Ketchup Type 2 specific 0.75 1.5 0.0 mg/100 g Kiwi Type 1 specific Actinidia chinensis 3625 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Kohlrabi Type 1 specific Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes 109379 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Komatsuna Type 1 specific Brassica rapa var. perviridis 344680 Kombu Type 1 specific Saccharina japonica 88149 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Kumquat Type 1 specific Fortunella 2706 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Lake trout Type 1 specific Salvelinus namaycush 8040 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Lambsquarters Type 1 specific Chenopodium album 3559 Lantern fruit Type 1 Physalis alkekengi Lard Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Leavening agent Type 2 specific 65.0 200.0 0.0 mg/100 g Leek Type 1 specific Allium porrum 1.4 1.4 1.4 mg/100 g Lemon Type 1 specific Citrus limon 2708 0.266667 0.5 0.0 mg/100 g Lemon balm Type 1 specific Melissa officinalis 39338 Lemon grass Type 1 specific Cymbopogon citratus 66014 Lemon sole Type 1 specific Microstomus kitt 106175 3.733333 5.0 1.2 mg/100 g Lemon thyme Type 1 specific Thymus pulegioides 751873 Lemon verbena Type 1 specific Aloysia triphylla 542672 Lentils Type 1 generic Lens culinaris 3864 1.466667 13.2 0.0 mg/100 g Lettuce Type 1 specific Lactuca sativa 4236 0.175 0.7 0.0 mg/100 g Lichee Type 1 specific Litchi chinensis 151069 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Lima bean Type 1 specific Phaseolus lunatus 3884 Lime Type 1 specific Citrus aurantiifolia 159033 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Linden Type 1 specific Tilia 64580 Lingonberry Type 1 specific Vaccinium vitis-idaea 180772 1.2 2.4 0.0 mg/100 g Liquor Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Liquorice Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Loganberry Type 1 specific Rubus loganobaccus 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Longan Type 1 specific Dimocarpus longan 128017 Loquat Type 1 specific Eriobotrya japonica 32224 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Lotus Type 1 specific Nelumbo 4430 Lovage Type 1 specific Levisticum officinale 48042 Lowbush blueberry Type 1 specific Vaccinium angustifolium 472369 Lumpsucker Type 1 specific Cyclopteridae 8101 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Lupine Type 1 specific Lupinus 3869 Macadamia nut Type 1 specific Macadamia 4329 Macadamia nut (M. tetraphylla) Type 1 specific Macadamia tetraphylla 512563 Madeira wine Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Maitake Type 1 specific Grifola frondosa 5627 Malabar plum Type 1 specific Syzygium jambos 334483 Malabar spinach Type 1 specific Basella alba 3589 Malus (Crab apple) Type 1 specific Malus 3749 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Mamey sapote Type 1 specific Pouteria sapota 233744 Mammee apple Type 1 specific Mammea americana 198777 Mandarin orange (Clementine, Tangerine) Type 1 specific Citrus reticulata 85571 0.8 0.8 0.8 mg/100 g Mango Type 1 specific Mangifera indica 29780 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Margarine Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Margarine-like spread Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Marine mussel Type 1 specific Mytilidae 6547 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Marshmallow Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Marzipan Type 2 specific 0.15 0.3 0.0 mg/100 g Mate Type 1 Ilex paraguariensis Meat bouillon Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Meatball Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Medlar Type 1 specific Mespilus germanica 36616 Mentha Type 1 specific Mentha 21819 Meringue Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Mexican groundcherry Type 1 specific Physalis philadelphica var. immaculata 374021 Mexican oregano Type 1 specific Lippia graveolens Mikan Type 1 Citrus unshiu Milk (Cow) Type 2 specific 0.450387 2.0 0.001 mg/100 g Milk (Human) Type 2 specific 0.233333 0.7 0.0 mg/100 g Milk (Other mammals) Type 2 specific 2.0 2.0 2.0 mg/100 g Millet Type 1 specific Panicum miliaceum 4540 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Miso Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Mixed nuts Type 2 specific Monk fruit Type 1 Siraitia grosvenorii Morchella (Morel) Type 1 specific Morchellaceae 5192 Moth bean Type 1 specific Vigna aconitifolia 3918 Mountain hare Type 1 specific Lepus timidus 62621 0.1 0.1 0.1 mg/100 g Mountain yam Type 1 specific Dioscorea pentaphylla 167592 Mugwort Type 1 specific Artemisia vulgaris 4220 Mulberry Type 1 specific Morus 3497 Mundu Type 1 Garcinia dulcis Mung bean Type 1 specific Vigna radiata 157791 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Muscadine grape Type 1 specific Vitis rotundifolia 103349 Muskmelon Type 1 specific Cucumis melo 3656 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Mustard Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Mustard spinach Type 1 specific Brassica perviridis Nance Type 1 specific Byrsonima crassifolia 4270 Nanking cherry Type 1 specific Prunus tomentosa 105667 Napa cabbage Type 1 specific Brassica rapa var. pekinensis 51351 Naranjilla Type 1 specific Solanum quitoense 227725 Narrowleaf cattail Type 1 specific Typha angustifolia 59011 Natal plum Type 1 specific Carissa macrocarpa 403101 Nectarine Type 1 specific Prunus persica var. nucipersica 323851 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g New Zealand spinach Type 1 specific Tetragonia tetragonioides 45318 Nopal Type 1 specific Opuntia cochenillifera 338184 Northern pike Type 1 specific Esox lucius 8010 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Norway haddock Type 1 specific Sebastes viviparus 394708 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Norway lobster Type 1 specific Nephrops norvegicus 6829 5.0 5.0 5.0 mg/100 g Norway pout Type 1 specific Trisopterus esmarkii 80723 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Nougat Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Nutmeg Type 1 specific Myristica fragrans 51089 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Nuts Unknown generic Oat Type 1 specific Avena sativa 4498 12.675178 19.0 0.0 mg/100 g Oat bread Type 2 specific Ohelo berry Type 1 specific Vaccinium reticulatum 180767 Oil palm Type 1 specific Elaeis 51952 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Oil-seed Camellia Type 1 specific Camellia oleifera 385388 Okra Type 1 specific Abelmoschus esculentus 455045 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Olive Type 1 specific Olea europaea 4146 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Onion-family vegetables Unknown generic Opium poppy Type 1 specific Papaver somniferum 3469 Orange bell pepper Type 1 specific Capsicum annuum 4072 Orange mint Type 1 specific Mentha aquatica 190902 Oregon yampah Type 1 specific Perideridia oregana 234866 Oriental wheat Type 1 specific Triticum turanicum 376534 Ostrich fern Type 1 specific Matteuccia struthiopteris 3277 Other alcoholic beverage Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Other animal fat Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Other bread Type 2 specific 2.766667 5.0 0.0 mg/100 g Other bread product Type 2 specific 3.1 6.2 0.0 mg/100 g Other candy Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Other cereal product Type 2 specific Other dish Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Other fermented milk Type 2 specific 3.5 3.5 3.5 mg/100 g Other fish product Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Other frozen dessert Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Other fruit product Type 2 specific 0.631 0.631 0.631 mg/100 g Other snack food Type 2 specific 6.566667 9.6 1.4 mg/100 g Other soy product Type 2 specific Oval-leaf huckleberry Type 1 specific Vaccinium ovalifolium 190544 Oxheart cabbage Type 1 specific Brassica oleracea var. conica Oyster mushroom Type 1 specific Pleurotus ostreatus 5322 41.0 41.0 41.0 mg/100 g Pacific ocean perch Type 1 specific Sebastes alutus 72055 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Pak choy Type 1 specific Brassica rapa var. chinensis 93385 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Papaya Type 1 specific Carica papaya 3649 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Parsley Type 1 specific Petroselinum crispum 4043 0.2 0.4 0.0 mg/100 g Parsnip Type 1 specific Pastinaca sativa 4041 0.1 0.1 0.1 mg/100 g Partridge berry Type 1 Mitchella repens Passion fruit Type 1 specific Passiflora edulis 78168 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Pasta Type 2 specific 0.4 1.0 0.0 mg/100 g Pastry Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Pate Type 2 specific 27.0 27.0 27.0 mg/100 g Pea shoots Type 1 Peach Type 1 specific Prunus persica 3760 0.133333 0.2 0.0 mg/100 g Peach (var.) Type 1 specific Prunus persica var. persica 323852 Peanut Type 1 specific Arachis hypogaea 3818 37.0 114.0 0.0 mg/100 g Pear Type 1 specific Pyrus communis 23211 0.05 0.1 0.0 mg/100 g Pecan nut Type 1 specific Carya illinoinensis 32201 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Pepper Type 1 specific Capsicum annuum 4072 0.423077 5.5 0.0 mg/100 g Pepper (C. baccatum) Type 1 specific Capsicum baccatum var. baccatum 165788 Pepper (C. chinense) Type 1 specific Capsicum chinense 80379 Pepper (C. frutescens) Type 1 specific Capsicum annuum var. annuum 40321 Pepper (C. pubescens) Type 1 specific Capsicum pubescens 113210 Pepper (Capsicum) Type 1 specific Capsicum 4071 Pepper (Spice) Type 1 specific Piper nigrum 13216 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Peppermint Type 1 specific Mentha X piperita 34256 Perciformes Type 1 specific Perciformes 8111 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Persian lime Type 1 specific Citrus latifolia 200541 Persimmon Type 1 specific Diospyros 13492 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Pigeon pea Type 1 specific Cajanus cajan 3821 Pikeperch Type 1 specific Sander lucioperca 283035 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Piki bread Type 2 specific Pili nut Type 1 specific Canarium ovatum 43691 Pine nut Type 1 specific Pinus 3337 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Pineapple Type 1 specific Ananas comosus 4615 0.042857 0.3 0.0 mg/100 g Pineappple sage Type 1 specific Salvia elegans 888065 Pistachio Type 1 specific Pistacia vera 55513 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Pita bread Type 2 specific Pitanga Type 1 specific Eugenia uniflora 119951 Pitaya Type 1 Hylocereus undatus Pizza Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Plains prickly pear Type 1 specific Opuntia macrorhiza 1041245 Plantain Type 1 Musa × paradisiaca Pleuronectidae (Dab, Halibut, Plaice) Type 1 specific Pleuronectidae 8256 0.4 1.2 0.0 mg/100 g Pollock Type 1 specific Pollachius 8059 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Pomegranate Type 1 specific Punica granatum 22663 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Pomes Unknown generic Poppy Type 1 specific Papaver 3468 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Port wine Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Pot marjoram Type 1 specific Origanum onites 452416 Potato Type 1 specific Solanum tuberosum 4113 0.275909 1.5 0.0 mg/100 g Potato bread Type 2 specific Prairie turnip Type 1 specific Pediomelum esculentum 458363 Prickly pear Type 1 specific Opuntia 106975 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Prunus (Cherry, Plum) Type 1 specific Prunus 3754 0.1 0.4 0.0 mg/100 g Pulses Unknown generic Pummelo Type 1 specific Citrus maxima 37334 Purple laver Type 1 specific Porphyra laciniata Purple mangosteen Type 1 specific Garcinia mangostana 58228 Purslane Type 1 specific Portulaca oleracea 46147 Quince Type 1 specific Cydonia oblonga 36610 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Quinoa Type 1 specific Chenopodium quinoa 63459 Rabbit Type 1 specific Leporidae 9979 1.0 1.0 1.0 mg/100 g Rabbiteye blueberry Type 1 specific Vaccinium virgatum Radish Type 1 specific Raphanus sativus 3726 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Radish (var.) Type 1 specific Raphanus sativus var. sativus 240228 Rainbow trout Type 1 specific Oncorhynchus mykiss 8022 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Raisin bread Type 2 specific Rambutan Type 1 specific Nephelium lappaceum 151071 Rape Type 1 specific Brassica napus var. napus 138011 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Rapini Type 1 specific Brassica ruvo 1204434 Red algae Type 1 specific Rhodophyta 2763 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Red beetroot Type 1 specific Beta vulgaris var. rubra 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Red bell pepper Type 1 specific Capsicum annuum 4072 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Red clover Type 1 Trifolium pratense Red grape Type 1 Red huckleberry Type 1 specific Vaccinium parvifolium 180766 Red onion Type 1 Red raspberry Type 1 specific Rubus idaeus 32247 Red rice Type 1 specific Oryza rufipogon 4529 Red tea Type 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Redcurrant Type 1 specific Ribes rubrum 175228 0.65 2.6 0.0 mg/100 g Remoulade Type 2 specific 0.1 0.2 0.0 mg/100 g Rice Type 1 specific Oryza sativa 4530 1.625 3.0 0.0 mg/100 g Rice bread Type 2 specific Robusta coffee Type 1 specific Coffea canephora 49390 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Rock ptarmigan Type 1 specific Lagopus muta 64668 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Rocket salad Type 1 specific Eruca vesicaria 180536 Rocket salad (ssp.) Type 1 specific Eruca vesicaria ssp. sativa 29727 Romaine lettuce Type 1 specific Lactuca sativa L. var. longifolia 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Roman camomile Type 1 specific Chamaemelum nobile 99037 Root vegetables Unknown generic Rose hip Type 1 specific Rosa 3764 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Roselle Type 1 specific Hibiscus sabdariffa 183260 Rosemary Type 1 specific Rosmarinus officinalis 39367 Rowal Type 1 specific Pangium edule 112823 Rowanberry Type 1 specific Sorbus aucuparia 36599 Rubus (Blackberry, Raspberry) Type 1 specific Rubus 23216 0.857143 1.9 0.0 mg/100 g Rum Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Rye Type 1 specific Secale cereale 4550 2.9 6.0 0.0 mg/100 g Rye bread Type 2 specific 3.529412 8.3 0.0 mg/100 g Sacred lotus Type 1 specific Nelumbo nucifera 4432 Safflower Type 1 specific Carthamus tinctorius 4222 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Saffron Type 1 specific Crocus sativus 82528 Sago palm Type 1 specific Metroxylon sagu 93297 Salad dressing Type 2 specific 1.0 12.0 0.0 mg/100 g Salmonberry Type 1 specific Rubus spectabilis 59499 Salmonidae (Salmon, Trout) Type 1 specific Salmonidae 8015 2.727273 5.0 0.0 mg/100 g Salt Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Sapodilla Type 1 specific Manilkara zapota 3741 Saskatoon berry Type 1 specific Amelanchier alnifolia 32219 0.02 0.02 0.02 mg/100 g Sauce Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Sausage Type 2 specific 3.788235 9.0 0.0 mg/100 g Savoy cabbage Type 1 specific Brassica oleracea var. sabauda 1216010 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Scarlet bean Type 1 specific Phaseolus coccineus 3886 Scombridae (Bonito, Mackerel, Tuna) Type 1 specific Scombridae 8224 7.0 7.0 7.0 mg/100 g Sea-buckthornberry Type 1 specific Hippophae rhamnoides 193516 Semolina Type 2 specific 1.0 1.0 1.0 mg/100 g Sesame Type 1 specific Sesamum orientale 4182 0.000857 0.006 0.0 mg/100 g Sesbania flower Type 1 specific Sesbania bispinosa 485725 Shallot Type 1 specific Allium ascalonicum 1476995 Shea tree Type 1 specific Vitellaria paradoxa 292385 Sheep (Mutton, Lamb) Type 1 specific Ovis aries 9940 1.222222 3.0 1.0 mg/100 g Sherry Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Shiitake Type 1 specific Lentinus edodes 5353 Shrimp Type 1 specific Caridea 6694 0.666667 1.0 0.0 mg/100 g Silver linden Type 1 specific Tilia argentea Skunk currant Type 1 specific Ribes glandulosum 175226 Small-leaf linden Type 1 specific Tilia cordata 172266 Snail Type 1 specific Gastropoda 6448 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Soft drink Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Soft-necked garlic Type 1 specific Allium sativum L. var. sativum 4682 2.2 2.2 2.2 mg/100 g Sorghum Type 1 specific Sorghum bicolor 4558 Sorrel Type 1 specific Rumex acetosa 41241 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Soup Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Sour cherry Type 1 specific Prunus cerasus 140311 Sour orange Type 1 Citrus × aurantium Sourdock Type 1 specific Rumex articus 395311 Sourdough Type 2 specific Soursop Type 1 specific Annona muricata 13337 Soy bean Type 1 specific Glycine max 3847 10.972727 60.0 0.0 mg/100 g Soy cream Type 2 specific Soy milk Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Soy sauce Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Sparkleberry Type 1 specific Vaccinium arboreum 229201 Spearmint Type 1 specific Mentha spicata 29719 Spelt Type 1 specific Triticum spelta 58933 Spinach Type 1 specific Spinacia oleracea 3562 1.6 1.6 1.6 mg/100 g Spiny dogfish Type 1 specific Squalus acanthias 7797 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Spirit Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Spirulina Type 1 specific Spirulina 551299 Squashberry Type 1 specific Viburnum edule 237934 Star anise Type 1 specific Illicium verum 124778 Star fruit Type 1 specific Averrhoa carambola 28974 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Strawberry Type 1 specific Fragaria X ananassa 3747 0.4875 1.8 0.0 mg/100 g Strawberry guava Type 1 specific Psidium cattleianum 375274 Sturgeon Type 1 specific Acipenseridae 7900 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Sugar Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Sugar apple Type 1 specific Annona squamosa 301693 Sugar substitute Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Summer grape Type 1 specific Vitis aestivalis 3605 Summer savory Type 1 specific Satureja hortensis 49987 Sunburst squash (pattypan squash) Type 1 specific Cucurbita pepo var. clypeata 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Sunflower Type 1 specific Helianthus annuus 4232 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Swamp cabbage Type 1 specific Ipomoea aquatica 89636 Swede Type 1 specific Brassica napus 3708 0.1 0.1 0.1 mg/100 g Sweet basil Type 1 specific Ocimum basilicum 39350 Sweet bay Type 1 specific Laurus nobilis 85223 Sweet cherry Type 1 specific Prunus avium 42229 Sweet marjoram Type 1 specific Origanum majorana 268884 Sweet orange Type 1 specific Citrus sinensis 2711 0.593333 0.89 0.0 mg/100 g Sweet potato Type 1 specific Ipomoea batatas 4120 0.1175 0.47 0.0 mg/100 g Sweet rowanberry Type 1 specific Grataegosorbus mitschurinii Swiss chard Type 1 specific Beta vulgaris ssp. cicla 1527200 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Syrup Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Taco shell Type 2 Tallow Type 2 specific 0.5 1.0 0.0 mg/100 g Tamarind Type 1 specific Tamarindus indica 58860 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Taro Type 1 specific Colocasia esculenta 4460 Tarragon Type 1 specific Artemisia dracunculus 72341 Tartary buckwheat Type 1 specific Fagopyrum tataricum 62330 Tea Type 1 specific Camellia sinensis 4442 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Tea leaf willow Type 1 specific Salix pulchra 669814 Teff Type 1 specific Eragrostis tef 110835 Thistle Type 1 specific Cirsium 41549 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Thunnus Type 1 specific Thunnus 8234 2.625 3.0 1.5 mg/100 g Tinda Type 1 specific Citrullus lanatus var. fistulosus Toffee Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Tofu Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Tortilla Type 2 specific Tostada shell Type 2 Towel gourd Type 1 specific Luffa aegyptiaca 3670 Tree fern Type 1 specific Cyathea Triticale Type 1 specific X Triticosecale rimpaui Tronchuda cabbage Type 1 specific Brassica oleracea var. costata 416546 True frog Type 1 specific Ranidae 8397 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g True oyster Type 1 specific Ostreidae 6563 41.0 41.0 41.0 mg/100 g True seal Type 1 specific Phocidae 9709 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g True sole Type 1 specific Soleidae 30948 1.2 1.2 1.2 mg/100 g Turbot Type 1 specific Scophthalmus maximus 52904 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Turkey Type 1 specific Meleagris gallopavo 9103 1.9 2.0 1.6 mg/100 g Turmeric Type 1 specific Curcuma longa 136217 Turnip Type 1 specific Brassica rapa var. rapa 51350 0.1 0.1 0.1 mg/100 g Ucuhuba Type 1 specific Virola surinamensis 224910 Unclassified food or beverage Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Vaccinium (Blueberry, Cranberry, Huckleberry) Type 1 specific Vaccinium 13749 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Vanilla Type 1 specific Vanilla 51238 Vegetable juice Type 2 specific 0.58 0.58 0.58 mg/100 g Vermouth Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Vinegar Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Vodka Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Wakame Type 1 specific Undaria pinnatifida 74381 Walnut Type 1 specific Juglans 16718 6.333333 19.0 0.0 mg/100 g Wampee Type 1 Clausena lansium Wasabi Type 1 specific Wasabia japonica 75806 Water Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Water spinach Type 1 Ipomoea aquatica Watercress Type 1 specific Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum 135518 0.4 0.4 0.4 mg/100 g Watermelon Type 1 specific Citrullus lanatus 3654 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Wax apple Type 1 specific Eugenia javanica 119950 Wax gourd Type 1 specific Benincasa hispida 102211 Welsh onion Type 1 specific Allium fistulosum 35875 Wheat Type 1 specific Triticum 4564 2.96875 24.0 0.0 mg/100 g Wheat bread Type 2 specific 1.489474 6.0 0.0 mg/100 g Whey Type 2 specific 0.5 1.5 0.0 mg/100 g Whisky Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g White bread Type 1 5.0 5.0 5.0 mg/100 g White cabbage Type 1 specific Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata L. f. alba DC. 1.2 1.2 1.2 mg/100 g White lupine Type 1 specific Lupinus albus 3870 White mulberry Type 1 Morus alba White mustard Type 1 specific Sinapis alba 3728 Whitefish Type 1 specific Coregonus 27772 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Whiting Type 1 specific Merlangius merlangus 8058 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Wild carrot Type 1 specific Daucus carota 4039 Wild celery Type 1 specific Apium graveolens 4045 0.1 0.1 0.1 mg/100 g Wild leek Type 1 specific Allium ampeloprasum 4681 Wild rice Type 1 specific Zizania 15949 Winged bean Type 1 specific Psophocarpus tetragonolobus 3891 Winter savory Type 1 specific Satureja montana 49988 Winter squash Type 1 specific Cucurbita maxima 3661 Wonton wrapper Type 2 specific Yali pear Type 1 specific Pyrus × bretschneideri Yam Type 1 specific Dioscorea 4672 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Yardlong bean Type 1 specific Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis 138955 Yau choy Type 1 Yautia Type 1 specific Xanthosoma sagittifolium 28478 Yellow bell pepper Type 1 specific Capsicum annuum 4072 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Yellow pond-lily Type 1 specific Nuphar lutea 77113 Yellow wax bean Type 1 specific Phaseolus vulgaris 3885 Yellow zucchini Type 1 specific Cucurbita pepo var. cylindrica 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Ymer Type 2 specific 2.6 3.5 1.7 mg/100 g Yogurt Type 2 specific 2.765 3.5 0.0 mg/100 g Zwieback Type 2 specific Biotin--protein ligase P50747 HLCS Biotinidase P43251 BTD Methylcrotonoyl-CoA carboxylase beta chain, mitochondrial Q9HCC0 MCCC2 Methylcrotonoyl-CoA carboxylase subunit alpha, mitochondrial Q96RQ3 MCCC1 Propionyl-CoA carboxylase alpha chain, mitochondrial P05165 PCCA Propionyl-CoA carboxylase beta chain, mitochondrial P05166 PCCB Anti dermatitic 225 A drug used to treat or prevent skin disorders or for the routine care of skin. Anti neuralgic 469 Any substance introduced into a living organism with therapeutic or diagnostic purpose. Anti-alopecic 104 Any substance introduced into a living organism with therapeutic or diagnostic purpose. Anti-seborrheic 600 Any substance introduced into a living organism with therapeutic or diagnostic purpose.