1.0 2011-09-21 00:11:54 UTC 2025-11-19 02:41:23 UTC FDB022309 NAD NAD (or Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is used extensively in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle of cellular respiration. The reducing potential stored in NADH can be converted to ATP through the electron transport chain or used for anabolic metabolism. ATP "energy" is necessary for an organism to live. Green plants obtain ATP through photosynthesis, while other organisms obtain it by cellular respiration. (wikipedia). Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is a A coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-diphosphate coupled to adenosine 5'-phosphate by pyrophosphate linkage. It is found widely in nature and is involved in numerous enzymatic reactions in which it serves as an electron carrier by being alternately oxidized (NAD+) and reduced (NADH). (Dorland, 27th ed) [HMDB] [(3S,2R,4R,5R)-5-(6-Aminopurin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methyl {[(3S,2R,4R,5R)-5-(3-carbamoylpyridyl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy}(hydroxyoryl) hydrogen ate [(3S,2R,4R,5R)-5-(6-Aminopurin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methyl {[(3S,2R,4R,5R)-5-(3-carbamoylpyridyl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy}(hydroxyphosphoryl) hydrogen phosphate [adenylate-32-P]-NAD 3-Carbamoyl-1-beta-D-ribofuranosylpyridinium hydroxide 5'-ester with adenosine 5'-pyroate inner salt 3-Carbamoyl-1-beta-D-ribofuranosylpyridinium hydroxide 5'-ester with adenosine 5'-pyrophosphate inner salt 3-Carbamoyl-1-beta-delta-ribofuranosylpyridinium hydroxide 5'-ester with adenosine 5'-pyroate inner salt 3-Carbamoyl-1-beta-delta-ribofuranosylpyridinium hydroxide 5'-ester with adenosine 5'-pyrophosphate inner salt 3-Carbamoyl-1-D-ribofuranosylpyridinium hydroxide 5'-ester with adenosine 5'-pyroate 3-Carbamoyl-1-D-ribofuranosylpyridinium hydroxide 5'-ester with adenosine 5'-pyrophosphate 3-Carbamoyl-1-delta-ribofuranosylpyridinium hydroxide 5'-ester with adenosine 5'-pyroate 3-Carbamoyl-1-delta-ribofuranosylpyridinium hydroxide 5'-ester with adenosine 5'-pyrophosphate Adenine-nicotinamide dinucleotide beta-Diopyridine nucleotide beta-Diphosphopyridine nucleotide beta-NAD beta-Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide beta-Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide trihydrate CO-I Codehydrase I Codehydrogenase I Coenzyme I Cozymase Cozymase I Diopyridine nucleotide Diopyridine nucleotide oxidized Diphosphopyridine nucleotide diphosphopyridine nucleotide oxidized DPN Endopride NAD trihydrate NAD-oxidized NAD+ Nadide Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide oxidized Nicotinamide dinucleotide Nicotineamide adenine dinucleotide Oxidized diopyridine nucleotide Oxidized diphosphopyridine nucleotide Pyridine nucleotide diate Pyridine nucleotide diphosphate C21H28N7O14P2 664.433 664.116946663 1-[(2R,3R,4S,5R)-5-[({[({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy}(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy](hydroxy)phosphoryl}oxy)methyl]-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]-3-carbamoyl-1lambda5-pyridin-1-ylium 1-[(2R,3R,4S,5R)-5-{[({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy(hydroxy)phosphoryl}oxy(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy]methyl}-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]-3-carbamoyl-1lambda5-pyridin-1-ylium 53-84-9 NC(=O)C1=C[N+](=CC=C1)[C@@H]1O[C@H](COP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OC[C@H]2O[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H]2O)N2C=NC3=C2N=CN=C3N)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O InChI=1S/C21H27N7O14P2/c22-17-12-19(25-7-24-17)28(8-26-12)21-16(32)14(30)11(41-21)6-39-44(36,37)42-43(34,35)38-5-10-13(29)15(31)20(40-10)27-3-1-2-9(4-27)18(23)33/h1-4,7-8,10-11,13-16,20-21,29-32H,5-6H2,(H5-,22,23,24,25,33,34,35,36,37)/p+1/t10-,11-,13-,14-,15-,16-,20-,21-/m1/s1 BAWFJGJZGIEFAR-NNYOXOHSSA-O belongs to the class of organic compounds known as (5'->5')-dinucleotides. These are dinucleotides where the two bases are connected via a (5'->5')-phosphodiester linkage. (5'->5')-dinucleotides Organic compounds Nucleosides, nucleotides, and analogues (5'->5')-dinucleotides Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds 6-aminopurines Aminopyrimidines and derivatives Azacyclic compounds Carboximidic acids Glycosylamines Heteroaromatic compounds Hydrocarbon derivatives Imidolactams Monoalkyl phosphates Monosaccharide phosphates N-substituted imidazoles Nicotinamide nucleotides Nicotinamides Organic cations Organic oxides Organic pyrophosphates Organopnictogen compounds Oxacyclic compounds Pentose phosphates Primary amines Purine nucleotide sugars Purine ribonucleoside diphosphates Purine ribonucleoside monophosphates Pyridinium derivatives Secondary alcohols Tetrahydrofurans (5'->5')-dinucleotide 6-aminopurine Alcohol Alkyl phosphate Amine Aminopyrimidine Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound Azacycle Azole Carboximidic acid Carboximidic acid derivative Glycosyl compound Heteroaromatic compound Hydrocarbon derivative Imidazole Imidazopyrimidine Imidolactam Monoalkyl phosphate Monosaccharide Monosaccharide phosphate N-glycosyl compound N-substituted imidazole Nicotinamide Nicotinamide-nucleotide Organic cation Organic nitrogen compound Organic oxide Organic oxygen compound Organic phosphoric acid derivative Organic pyrophosphate Organoheterocyclic compound Organonitrogen compound Organooxygen compound Organopnictogen compound Oxacycle Pentose phosphate Pentose-5-phosphate Phosphoric acid ester Primary amine Purine Purine nucleotide sugar Purine ribonucleoside diphosphate Purine ribonucleoside monophosphate Pyridine Pyridine nucleotide Pyridinium Pyrimidine Secondary alcohol Tetrahydrofuran NAD NAD(P)(+) Solid logp -1.18 ALOGPS logs -2.59 ALOGPS solubility 1.81e+00 g/l ALOGPS logp -9.9 ChemAxon pka_strongest_acidic 1.85 ChemAxon pka_strongest_basic 4.01 ChemAxon iupac 1-[(2R,3R,4S,5R)-5-[({[({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy}(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy](hydroxy)phosphoryl}oxy)methyl]-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]-3-carbamoyl-1lambda5-pyridin-1-ylium ChemAxon average_mass 664.433 ChemAxon mono_mass 664.116946663 ChemAxon smiles NC(=O)C1=C[N+](=CC=C1)[C@@H]1O[C@H](COP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OC[C@H]2O[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H]2O)N2C=NC3=C2N=CN=C3N)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O ChemAxon formula C21H28N7O14P2 ChemAxon inchi InChI=1S/C21H27N7O14P2/c22-17-12-19(25-7-24-17)28(8-26-12)21-16(32)14(30)11(41-21)6-39-44(36,37)42-43(34,35)38-5-10-13(29)15(31)20(40-10)27-3-1-2-9(4-27)18(23)33/h1-4,7-8,10-11,13-16,20-21,29-32H,5-6H2,(H5-,22,23,24,25,33,34,35,36,37)/p+1/t10-,11-,13-,14-,15-,16-,20-,21-/m1/s1 ChemAxon inchikey BAWFJGJZGIEFAR-NNYOXOHSSA-O ChemAxon polar_surface_area 318.26 ChemAxon refractivity 142 ChemAxon polarizability 55.83 ChemAxon rotatable_bond_count 11 ChemAxon acceptor_count 15 ChemAxon donor_count 8 ChemAxon physiological_charge -1 ChemAxon formal_charge 1 ChemAxon Ammonia Recycling SMP00009 map00910 Carnitine Synthesis SMP00465 Citric Acid Cycle SMP00057 map00020 Ethanol Degradation SMP00449 Folate Metabolism SMP00053 map00670 Gluconeogenesis SMP00128 map00010 Glucose-Alanine Cycle SMP00127 Glutamate Metabolism SMP00072 map00250 Glycerol Phosphate Shuttle SMP00124 Glycerolipid Metabolism SMP00039 map00561 Glycine and Serine Metabolism SMP00004 map00260 Glycolysis SMP00040 map00010 Histidine Metabolism SMP00044 map00340 Ketone Body Metabolism SMP00071 map00072 Malate-Aspartate Shuttle SMP00129 Mitochondrial Beta-Oxidation of Long Chain Saturated Fatty Acids SMP00482 Mitochondrial Beta-Oxidation of Medium Chain Saturated Fatty Acids SMP00481 Mitochondrial Beta-Oxidation of Short Chain Saturated Fatty Acids SMP00480 Mitochondrial Electron Transport Chain SMP00355 map00190 Nicotinate and Nicotinamide Metabolism SMP00048 map00760 Plasmalogen Synthesis SMP00479 Threonine and 2-Oxobutanoate Degradation SMP00452 Transfer of Acetyl Groups into Mitochondria SMP00466 Specdb::NmrTwoD 1043 Specdb::NmrTwoD 1535 Specdb::CMs 26360 Specdb::NmrOneD 1594 Specdb::NmrOneD 4768 Specdb::NmrOneD 4769 Specdb::NmrOneD 4770 Specdb::NmrOneD 4771 Specdb::NmrOneD 340588 Specdb::NmrOneD 340589 Specdb::NmrOneD 340590 Specdb::NmrOneD 340591 Specdb::NmrOneD 340592 Specdb::NmrOneD 340593 Specdb::NmrOneD 340594 Specdb::NmrOneD 340595 Specdb::NmrOneD 340596 Specdb::NmrOneD 340597 Specdb::NmrOneD 340598 Specdb::NmrOneD 340599 Specdb::NmrOneD 340600 Specdb::NmrOneD 340601 Specdb::NmrOneD 340602 Specdb::NmrOneD 340603 Specdb::NmrOneD 340604 Specdb::NmrOneD 340605 Specdb::NmrOneD 340606 Specdb::NmrOneD 340607 Specdb::MsMs 1280 Specdb::MsMs 1281 Specdb::MsMs 1282 Specdb::MsMs 4827 Specdb::MsMs 4828 Specdb::MsMs 4829 Specdb::MsMs 4830 Specdb::MsMs 4831 Specdb::MsMs 4832 Specdb::MsMs 4833 Specdb::MsMs 4834 Specdb::MsMs 4835 Specdb::MsMs 4836 Specdb::MsMs 4837 Specdb::MsMs 4838 Specdb::MsMs 4839 Specdb::MsMs 4840 Specdb::MsMs 4841 Specdb::MsMs 4842 Specdb::MsMs 178119 Specdb::MsMs 178120 Specdb::MsMs 178121 Specdb::MsMs 180435 Specdb::MsMs 180436 Specdb::MsMs 180437 HMDB00902 15846 #<Reference:0x000055ce3319b7a0> #<Reference:0x000055ce3319b5e8> #<Reference:0x000055ce3319b430> #<Reference:0x000055ce3319b278> #<Reference:0x000055ce3319b0c0> #<Reference:0x000055ce3319af08> #<Reference:0x000055ce3319ad50> #<Reference:0x000055ce3319ab98> #<Reference:0x000055ce3319a9e0> #<Reference:0x000055ce3319a828> #<Reference:0x000055ce3319a670> 14 kDa phosphohistidine phosphatase Q9NRX4 PHPT1 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase-like, mitochondrial Q9ULD0 OGDHL 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial Q02218 OGDH 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase Q9UBM7 DHCR7 Acyl carrier protein, mitochondrial O14561 NDUFAB1 Acyl-CoA synthetase family member 4 Q4L235 AASDH Alcohol dehydrogenase [NADP(+)] P14550 AKR1A1 Aminoadipate-semialdehyde synthase A4D0W4 AASS Aminomethyltransferase, mitochondrial P48728 AMT C-1-tetrahydrofolate synthase, cytoplasmic P11586 MTHFD1 Corticosteroid 11-beta-dehydrogenase isozyme 1 P28845 HSD11B1 Dihydrofolate reductase P00374 DHFR Dihydrolipoyllysine-residue acetyltransferase component of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, mitochondrial P10515 DLAT GDP-mannose 4,6 dehydratase O60547 GMDS Glycine cleavage system H protein, mitochondrial P23434 GCSH Inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase A4D0Z6 IMPDH1 L-aminoadipate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase-phosphopantetheinyl transferase Q9NRN7 AASDHPPT Methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (NADP+ dependent) 2, methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase Q7Z650 MTHFD2 NADH dehydrogenase (Ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex, 2, 8kDa A4D1T5 NDUFB2 NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 1 O15239 NDUFA1 NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 11 Q86Y39 NDUFA11 NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 12 Q9UI09 NDUFA12 NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 13 Q9P0J0 NDUFA13 NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 2 O43678 NDUFA2 NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 3 O95167 NDUFA3 NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 4 O00483 NDUFA4 NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 4-like 2 Q9NRX3 NDUFA4L2 NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 5 Q16718 NDUFA5 NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 6 P56556 NDUFA6 NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 7 O95182 NDUFA7 NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 8 P51970 NDUFA8 NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 1 O75438 NDUFB1 NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 11, mitochondrial Q9NX14 NDUFB11 NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 3 O43676 NDUFB3 NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 4 O95168 NDUFB4 NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 5, mitochondrial O43674 NDUFB5 NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 7 P17568 NDUFB7 NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 9 Q9Y6M9 NDUFB9 NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 subunit C2 O95298 NDUFC2 Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit alpha, somatic form, mitochondrial P08559 PDHA1 Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit alpha, testis-specific form, mitochondrial P29803 PDHA2 Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit beta, mitochondrial P11177 PDHB