1.0 2011-09-21 01:44:35 UTC 2015-07-21 06:59:31 UTC FDB028768 SM(d18:1/22:0) Sphingomyelin (d18:1/22:0) or SM(d18:1/22:0) is a type of sphingolipid found in animal cell membranes, especially in the membranous myelin sheath which surrounds some nerve cell axons. In humans, sphingomyelin is the only membrane phospholipid not derived from glycerol. Like all sphingolipids, SPH has a ceramide core (sphingosine bonded to a fatty acid via an amide linkage). In addition it contains one polar head group, which is either phosphocholine or phosphoethanolamine. The plasma membrane of cells is highly enriched in sphingomyelin and is considered largely to be found in the exoplasmic leaflet of the cell membrane. However, there is some evidence that there may also be a sphingomyelin pool in the inner leaflet of the membrane. Moreover, neutral sphingomyelinase-2 - an enzyme that breaks down sphingomyelin into ceramide has been found to localise exclusively to the inner leaflet further suggesting that there may be sphingomyelin present there. Sphingomyelin can accumulate in a rare hereditary disease called Niemann-Pick Disease, types A and B. Niemann-Pick disease is a genetically-inherited disease caused by a deficiency in the enzyme Sphingomyelinase, which causes the accumulation of Sphingomyelin in spleen, liver, lungs, bone marrow, and the brain, causing irreversible neurological damage. SMs play a role in signal transduction. Sphingomyelins are synthesized by the transfer of phosphorylcholine from phosphatidylcholine to a ceramide in a reaction catalyzed by sphingomyelin synthase. [HMDB] C22 Sphingomyelin N-(Docosanoyl)-sphing-4-enine-1-ocholine N-(docosanoyl)-sphing-4-enine-1-phosphocholine N-(Docosanoyl)-sphingosine-1-ocholine C45H91N2O6P 787.1876 786.661475166 (2-{[(2S,3R,4E)-2-docosanamido-3-hydroxyoctadec-4-en-1-yl phosphonato]oxy}ethyl)trimethylazanium C22 sphingomyelin CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)N[C@@H](COP([O-])(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C)[C@H](O)\C=C\CCCCCCCCCCCCC InChI=1S/C45H91N2O6P/c1-6-8-10-12-14-16-18-20-21-22-23-24-25-27-29-31-33-35-37-39-45(49)46-43(42-53-54(50,51)52-41-40-47(3,4)5)44(48)38-36-34-32-30-28-26-19-17-15-13-11-9-7-2/h36,38,43-44,48H,6-35,37,39-42H2,1-5H3,(H-,46,49,50,51)/b38-36+/t43-,44+/m0/s1 FJJANLYCZUNFSE-TWKUQIQBSA-N belongs to the class of organic compounds known as phosphosphingolipids. These are sphingolipids with a structure based on a sphingoid base that is attached to a phosphate head group. They differ from phosphonospingolipids which have a phosphonate head group. Phosphosphingolipids Organic compounds Lipids and lipid-like molecules Sphingolipids Phosphosphingolipids Aliphatic acyclic compounds Amines Carbonyl compounds Dialkyl phosphates Hydrocarbon derivatives N-acyl amines Organic oxides Organic salts Organic zwitterions Organopnictogen compounds Phosphocholines Phosphoethanolamines Secondary alcohols Secondary carboxylic acid amides Tetraalkylammonium salts Alcohol Aliphatic acyclic compound Alkyl phosphate Amine Carbonyl group Carboxamide group Carboxylic acid derivative Dialkyl phosphate Fatty acyl Fatty amide Hydrocarbon derivative N-acyl-amine Organic nitrogen compound Organic oxide Organic oxygen compound Organic phosphoric acid derivative Organic salt Organic zwitterion Organonitrogen compound Organooxygen compound Organopnictogen compound Phosphocholine Phosphoethanolamine Phosphoric acid ester Quaternary ammonium salt Secondary alcohol Secondary carboxylic acid amide Sphingoid-1-phosphate or derivatives Tetraalkylammonium salt Ceramide phosphocholines (sphingomyelins) sphingomyelin 40:1 sphingomyelin d18:1 Solid logp 6.05 ALOGPS logs -7.51 ALOGPS solubility 2.62e-05 g/l ALOGPS logp 10.73 ChemAxon pka_strongest_acidic 1.87 ChemAxon pka_strongest_basic 0.012 ChemAxon iupac (2-{[(2S,3R,4E)-2-docosanamido-3-hydroxyoctadec-4-en-1-yl phosphonato]oxy}ethyl)trimethylazanium ChemAxon average_mass 787.1876 ChemAxon mono_mass 786.661475166 ChemAxon smiles CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)N[C@@H](COP([O-])(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C)[C@H](O)\C=C\CCCCCCCCCCCCC ChemAxon formula C45H91N2O6P ChemAxon inchi InChI=1S/C45H91N2O6P/c1-6-8-10-12-14-16-18-20-21-22-23-24-25-27-29-31-33-35-37-39-45(49)46-43(42-53-54(50,51)52-41-40-47(3,4)5)44(48)38-36-34-32-30-28-26-19-17-15-13-11-9-7-2/h36,38,43-44,48H,6-35,37,39-42H2,1-5H3,(H-,46,49,50,51)/b38-36+/t43-,44+/m0/s1 ChemAxon inchikey FJJANLYCZUNFSE-TWKUQIQBSA-N ChemAxon polar_surface_area 107.92 ChemAxon refractivity 241.55 ChemAxon polarizability 101.39 ChemAxon rotatable_bond_count 42 ChemAxon acceptor_count 4 ChemAxon donor_count 2 ChemAxon physiological_charge 0 ChemAxon formal_charge 0 ChemAxon Specdb::CMs 786397 Specdb::CMs 786398 Specdb::MsMs 287401 Specdb::MsMs 287402 Specdb::MsMs 287403 Specdb::MsMs 326245 Specdb::MsMs 326246 Specdb::MsMs 326247 Specdb::MsMs 2436037 Specdb::MsMs 2436038 Specdb::MsMs 2436039 Specdb::MsMs 2728465 Specdb::MsMs 2728466 Specdb::MsMs 2728467 Specdb::MsMs 2863800 Specdb::MsMs 2863801 Specdb::MsMs 2863802 Specdb::MsMs 2981204 Specdb::MsMs 2981205 Specdb::MsMs 2981206 HMDB12103 Anatidae Type 1 specific Anatidae 8830 Beefalo Type 1 specific Bos taurus X Bison bison 297284 Bison Type 1 specific Bison bison 9901 Buffalo Type 1 specific Bubalus bubalis 89462 Cattle (Beef, Veal) Type 1 specific Bos taurus 9913 Chicken Type 1 specific Gallus gallus 9031 Columbidae (Dove, Pigeon) Type 1 specific Columbidae 8930 Deer Type 1 specific Cervidae 9850 Domestic goat Type 1 specific Capra aegagrus hircus 9925 Domestic pig Type 1 specific Sus scrofa domestica 9825 Elk Type 1 specific Cervus canadensis 1574408 Emu Type 1 specific Dromaius novaehollandiae 8790 European rabbit Type 1 specific Oryctolagus 9984 Greylag goose Type 1 specific Anser anser 8843 Guinea hen Type 1 specific Numida meleagris 8996 Horse Type 1 specific Equus caballus 9796 Mallard duck Type 1 specific Anas platyrhynchos 8839 Mountain hare Type 1 specific Lepus timidus 62621 Mule deer Type 1 specific Odocoileus 9871 Ostrich Type 1 specific Struthio camelus 8801 Pheasant Type 1 specific Phasianus colchicus 9054 Quail Type 1 specific Phasianidae 9005 Rabbit Type 1 specific Leporidae 9979 Rock ptarmigan Type 1 specific Lagopus muta 64668 Sheep (Mutton, Lamb) Type 1 specific Ovis aries 9940 Squab Type 1 specific Columba 8931 Turkey Type 1 specific Meleagris gallopavo 9103 Velvet duck Type 1 specific Melanitta fusca 371864 Wild boar Type 1 specific Sus scrofa 9823 Antigen-presenting glycoprotein CD1d P15813 CD1D Beta-1,3-galactosyltransferase 5 Q9Y2C3 B3GALT5 Epididymal secretory protein E1 P61916 NPC2 Ganglioside GM2 activator P17900 GM2A GPI ethanolamine phosphate transferase 1 O95427 PIGN GPI ethanolamine phosphate transferase 2 Q5H8A4 PIGG GPI ethanolamine phosphate transferase 3 Q8TEQ8 PIGO GPI mannosyltransferase 1 Q9H3S5 PIGM GPI mannosyltransferase 2 Q9NUD9 PIGV GPI mannosyltransferase 3 Q92521 PIGB GPI mannosyltransferase 4 Q86VD9 PIGZ GPI transamidase component PIG-S Q96S52 PIGS GPI transamidase component PIG-T Q969N2 PIGT GPI-anchor transamidase Q92643 PIGK Lactosylceramide 1,3-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyltransferase Q9BYG0 B3GNT5 N-acetylglucosaminyl-phosphatidylinositol de-N-acetylase Q9Y2B2 PIGL Non-lysosomal glucosylceramidase Q9HCG7 GBA2 Phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis class U protein Q9H490 PIGU Phosphatidylinositol N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase subunit A P37287 PIGA Phosphatidylinositol N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase subunit C Q92535 PIGC Phosphatidylinositol N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase subunit H Q14442 PIGH Phosphatidylinositol N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase subunit P P57054 PIGP Phosphatidylinositol N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase subunit Q Q9BRB3 PIGQ Phosphatidylinositol N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase subunit Y Q3MUY2 PIGY Phosphatidylinositol-glycan biosynthesis class F protein Q07326 PIGF Phosphatidylinositol-glycan biosynthesis class W protein Q7Z7B1 PIGW Phosphatidylinositol-glycan biosynthesis class X protein Q8TBF5 PIGX Proactivator polypeptide P07602 PSAP Sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase P17405 SMPD1 T-cell surface glycoprotein CD1e, membrane-associated P15812 CD1E